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Topic: Great Ape personhood

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	Great Ape personhood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Advocates of Great Ape personhood consider common chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans (the hominid apes) to be persons.
		The best-known advocate is Jane Goodall, appointed a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations to fight the bushmeat trade and end ape extinction.
		Laboratory studies of ape language ability began to reveal other human traits, as did genetics, and eventually three of the great apes were reclassified as hominids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Ape_personhood (226 words)

	Ape genocide
		Ape genocide is a political term referring simultaneously to ape extinction, breakdown in ape social groups, and the fact that scientists classify some apes as hominid, in the same family as man. Accordingly, many believe that the extermination of these near-human species is politically and socially equivalent to genocide as defined by the United Nations.
		As ape extinction due to the bushmeat trade began to cause social groups of apes to disintegrate, losing many key adult members (according to researchers close to these groups) and leaving many ape children orphaned, pressure mounted to save these species.
		National Geographic produced a poignant piece on the social life of Great Apes, entitled "Social Climbers", that stated bluntly that the extinction of man's nearest relatives would certainly lead to ignorance of human origins and thus of the nature of human conflict, and in so doing might tend to extinct man himself.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Ape_genocide.html (305 words)

	Bushmeat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the countries where the hunting occurs, orphaned apes (deemed too fragile to survive on their own, but also deemed too small to be worth shooting and cutting up, to the hunters) are raised and returned to the wild, as part of these efforts.
		Apes are slow reproducers (about 1/4 the rate of most mammals) and very intelligent, requiring many years to train their young - so each loss is actually a catastrophic effect.
		Apes also carry human diseases - ebola for instance is epidemic in chimps and gorillas, and spreads quite easily to those eating them.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/bu/bushmeat.html (684 words)

	Ape genocide: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ape genocide is a political term referring simultaneously to ape extinction (ape extinction: ape extinction, particularly great ape extinction, is one of the most widely held...
		As ape extinction (ape extinction: ape extinction, particularly great ape extinction, is one of the most widely held...
		It appointed Jane Goodall (Jane Goodall: English zoologist noted for her studies of chimpanzees in the wild (born in 1934)), the primatologist (primatologist: primatology is the study of primates....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/ape_genocide (402 words)

	Great Ape Project - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		GAP is an international organization of primatologists, psychologists, ethicists, and other experts who advocate a United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Great Apes that would confer certain moral and legal rights on great apes, including the right to life, the protection of individual liberty and the prohibition of torture (see Declaration on Great Apes).
		The book highlights findings that support the capacity of great apes to possess rationality and self-consciousness, and the ability to be aware of themselves as distinct entities with a past and future.
		Other subjects addressed within the book include the division placed between humans and great apes, the species as persons, progress in gaining rights for the severely mentally retarded (once an overlooked minority) and the situation of apes in the world today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Ape_Project (391 words)

	Great ape personhood - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Advocates of great ape personhood consider chimpanzees (and bonobos, which are Pygmy Chimpanzees), gorillas, and orangutans (the hominid apes) to be persons.
		The best-known advocate is Jane Goodall, appointed a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations to fight the bushmeat trade and end ape extinction, also known as ape genocide.
		This, plus rising ape extinction and the animal-rights movement began to put pressure on nations to recognize apes as having limited rights and being legal "persons".
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Great_ape_personhood (302 words)

	Great Ape personhood
		Advocates of Great Ape personhood consider the three hominid apes, the bonobo, chimpanzee, and gorilla, plus the non-hominid Orang-utan to be "persons" as opposed to "animals".
		The most famous such advocate is Jane Goodall, appointed a Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations to fight the bushmeat trade, and end ape extinction, which personhood advocates refer to as "ape genocide".
		Laboratory studies of ape language ability, caring for pets, etc. began to reveal other human traits, as did genetics, and eventually three of the Great Apes (all but the orang-utan) were reclassified as being hominids.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Ape_personhood.html (218 words)

	Great ape personhood: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Laboratory studies of ape language ability began to reveal other human traits, as did genetics, and eventually three of the great apes were reclassified as hominid (hominid: A primate of the family Hominidae) s.
		This, plus rising ape extinction (ape extinction: ape extinction, particularly great ape extinction, is one of the most widely held...
		ape genocide (ape genocide: ape genocide is a political term referring simultaneously to ape extinction, breakdown...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/great_ape_personhood (460 words)

	Animal rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Great Ape Project is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes.
		Switzerland passed legislation in 1992 recognizing animals as beings, not things, and in 2002, rights for non-human animals were enshrined in the German constitution when its upper house of parliament voted to add the words "and animals" to the clause in the constitution obliging the state to respect and protect the dignity of human beings.
		Few people would deny that other great apes are highly intelligent animals who are aware of their own condition and goals, and can become frustrated when their freedoms are curtailed.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /a/n/i/Animal_rights.html (3831 words)

	Great Ape Project - TheBestLinks.com - TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Great ape, Great Ape personhood, Stub, ...
		Great Ape Project - TheBestLinks.com - TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Great ape, Great Ape personhood, Stub,...
		Great Ape Project, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, Great ape, Great Ape...
		The Great Ape Project aims to give the rights and protections given to all humans to every member of the great apes family.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Great_Ape_Project.html (107 words)

	Pro-Euthanasia Princeton Professor Singer's Pro-Bestiality Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In a letter to Singer dated March 28, Francione asked Singer to resign, stating that in light of Singer's position in GAP, his support for bestiality could be used to justify the sexual abuse of great apes and other non-human animals.
		Francione was one of the original signers of the Declaration on the Rights of Great Apes contained in the book "The Great Ape Project," published in 1993 and edited by Paola Cavalieri and Singer.
		Francione also wrote a chapter in the book entitled "Personhood, Property, and Legal Competence." He presented a discussion of the property status of great apes, and was the first legal theorist to call for legal rights for great apes and other animals.
	www.euthanasia.com /singersmith.html (406 words)

	Great Ape personhood Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Great Ape personhood Info - Bored Net - Boredom
		Advocates of Great Ape personhood consider the three hominid apes, the bonobo, chimpanzee, and gorilla, plus the non-hominid orangutan to be "persons" as opposed to "animals".
		See also: Ape, hominid, List of famous apes, ape genocide, ape extinction, legal personhood, person
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/g/gr/great_ape_personhood.html (237 words)

	Wikipedia: Eco-anarchism
		In general, eco-anarchists reject the notion of humanity as a whole and human dignity in particular.
		One of the most influential pieces of eco-anarchist literature is Ishmael, by Daniel Quinn, which relates conversations between a man and an ape.
		This is typical of eco-anarchist literature, in which such concepts as Great Ape personhood and bioregional democracy are often taken for granted, as pre-requisites to a more peaceful society.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/ec/eco_anarchism.html (501 words)

	The Imaginary Conception \| Unscrewing The Inscrutable
		This is part of the problem with great ape personhood: it deprives people of the ability to research diseases of humans, who are certainly more intelligent.
		The same can be said for granting retarded humans personhood, but even the most severely retarded human is more intelligent, and in particular more self-aware, than the most intelligent non-human great ape; therefore, in the case of retarded humans the sentience argument outweighs convenience, which in the case of great apes it does not.
		This is why human personhood is said to begin at birth: not only do the new experiences cause a sudden surge in sentience, but also the lack of an adult woman enveloping the baby causes a sudden drop in inconvenience.
	brentrasmussen.com /log/node/515 (5071 words)

	Hominidae - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Hominids (Hominidae) are a taxonomic family which includes humans, extinct species of humanlike creatures and now often the great apes: chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans (genus Pongo).
		Thus Hominidae includes all great apes, and Hominoidea includes great apes and lesser apes (Hylobates, the gibbons).
		Some of the details of the classification of primates is disputed, and some still classify the great apes in Pongidae.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Hominid (607 words)

	HOMINIDAE INFO PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The hominids are the members of the biological family Hominidae (the great apes), which includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.
		These scientific debates take on political significance for advocates of Great Ape personhood.
		In 2002, a 6–7 million year old fossil skull nicknamed "Toumaï" by its discoverers, and formally classified as ''Sahelanthropus tchadensis'', was discovered in Chad and is possibly the earliest hominid fossil ever found.
	www.ihabits.com /Hominidae (550 words)

	personhood
		Corporate personhood is a term used to describe the legal fiction used...
		A discussion of the scientific, legal, and philosophical aspects of the personhood of the unborn from conception...the scientific understanding, Roe v.
		The general idea of the conference is to approach personhood along three...
	www.yesprice.it /search/Personhood.htm (308 words)

	In a press release
		Francione's letter to Singer requesting his resignation dated the same day of his press release March 28, said "that in light of Singer's position in GAP, his support for bestiality could be used to justify the sexual abuse of great apes and other non-human animals.
		Francione is the first legal theorist to call for legal rights for great apes and other animals and one of the original signers of the Declaration on the Rights of Great Apes contained in the book "The Great Ape Project," published in 1993 and edited by Paola Cavalieri and Singer.
		Such acts should not be taken as moral guidance or justification." Lee Hall, of the international legal group Great Ape Standing and Personhood, said, "Whether the idea of sex between humans and non-humans offends our status is beside the point.
	www.chninternational.com /singer_gap.htm (370 words)

	Human (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Humans, or human beings, are classified as bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man") under the family Hominidae (the great apes).
		Although most humans recognize that variances occur within a species, it is often a point of dispute as to what these differences entail, their importance, and whether discrimination based on race (racism) is acceptable.
		Human evolution is characterized by a number of important physiological trends, including the expansion of the brain cavity and brain itself, which is typically 1,400 cmÂ³ in volume, over twice that of a chimpanzee or gorilla (compare capacities).
	www.lecommerce.net /wiki/index.php?title=Human (7091 words)

	NABR Animal Law §ection - Personhood For Animals
		Lawyers within the Animal Rights Movement have begun to lay the groundwork and test new legal theories in a focused and determined effort to grant additional legal protections for animals, including animals involved in research.
		In the context of non-human personhood, this article marks the debut of a model U.S. Supreme Court brief in the legal literature.
		This is designed to spark further debate in law and philosophy journals, to enhance ethics courses, to be cited in court, and to be used in an actual case on behalf of a non-human plaintiff and her class."
	www.nabr.org /AnimalLaw/Personhood (732 words)

	The world's top bushmeat websites
		A study in Gabon, the wealthiest country in the region, with 80% of its forest cover still in place, showed Gabon suffered at least a 56% decline in seventeen years - a sheer collapse.
		Although some argue against Western interference with African culture, claiming that the West should take a value-neutral perspective on eating apes, many African cultures greatly respect or fear apes, and frown on their consumption.
		Some have suggested that the economic incentive to hunt bushmeat has led to an erosion of these traditional values, concluding that Western interference is therefore appropriate.
	www.websbiggest.com /wiki-article-tab.cfm/bushmeat (871 words)

	Ape genocide - TheBestLinks.com - Animal rights, Genocide, Gorilla, Hominid, ...
		Ape genocide - TheBestLinks.com - Animal rights, Genocide, Gorilla, Hominid,...
		Ape genocide, Animal rights, Genocide, Gorilla, Hominid, United Nations, Bonobo...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Ape_genocide.html (351 words)

	AR.net >> Friends of Animals Goes Ballistic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On June 26, 2001, Feral and Great Ape Standing & Personhood co-founder Lee Hall unleashed an letter ripping into In Defense of Animals over a National Institutes of Health contract for taking care of chimpanzees.
		The IDA put out a press release saying they were disappointed that the NIH had awarded the contract to a company that breeds animals for medical research purposes.
		The very fact that the law considers research on Chimpanzees "necessary" both justifies and codifies the human right to torture non-human great apes.
	www.animalrights.net /archives/year/2001/000128.html (439 words)

	en:hominid personhood - Anarchopedia
		Advocates of hominid personhood consider the four hominid apes, the bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan to be "persons" as opposed to "animals".
		Laboratory studies of ape language ability, caring for pets, etc. began to reveal other human traits, as did genetics, and eventually three of the great apes (all but the orangutan) were reclassified as being hominids.
		This page was last modified 18:10, 2 October 2004.
	meta.anarchopedia.org /index.php/en:hominid_personhood (234 words)

	Animal Concerns Community - Great Ape Standing & Personhood - GRASP
		The members of GRASPTM are dedicated to providing research and support to the non-human great apes -- Chimpanzees, Bonobos, Orang-utans, and Gorillas -- who will be plaintiffs in pathbreaking court cases.
		The GRASPTM (Great Ape Standing and Personhood) organization is nonprofit, and composed of numerous volunteers from around the world who wish to collaborate on a public discussion and advocacy effort in support of creating new legal rights and protections for the non-human great apes.
		Many members of this group are also affiliated with other public organizations campaigning on behalf of this and related causes.
	www.animalconcerns.org /resource.html?itemid=20010722194548849198&catid=5 (203 words)

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