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	Skua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The skuas are seabirds in the family Stercorariidae.
		Skuas nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
		Skuas are related to gulls, waders, auks and skimmers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skua (227 words)

	Great Skua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Great Skua, Stercorarius skua, is a large seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.
		Identification of this skua is only complicated when it is necessary to distinguish it from the closely-related large southern hemisphere skuas.
		Many ornithologists now believe that the Great Skua originated as a hybrid between the Pomarine Skua and one of the southern-hemisphere species, presumably as a result of vagrancy or migration across the equator by the southern species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Skua (391 words)

	Feedback Online: from the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Divorce in the great skua was studied by Catry et al* who carried out their observational work on Foula, one of the Shetland Isles.
		Skuas are one of a number of seabirds that nest in colonies.
		Skuas are sometimes referred to as 'pirates' (or kleptoparasites) to describe one of their methods of getting food.
	asab.icapb.ed.ac.uk /exercises/alevel/great_skua_divorce.html (883 words)

	Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Great skua numbers breeding at Handa and St. Kilda are much less than in major colonies in Shetland or in Hoy, but the birds at Handa and St. Kilda depend much more on bird prey than do those in Shetland (or Orkney though data on diet of Orkney great skuas are very scarce).
		About 50% of pellets of great skuas at St. Kilda are of bird remains, and this appears to reflect the lack of extensive whitefish fisheries within great skua foraging range from St. Kilda.
		If great skua numbers remain constant rather than continue to increase, reduction of whitefish to half the present frequency in the diet with no corresponding increase in availability of sandeel or herring could increase predation on birds to three times the present level.
	www.gla.ac.uk /ibls/DEEB/rwf/refs/ipgsoss.htm (974 words)

	New England Seabirds - Great Skua
		Great Skua photographed in the Shetland Islands by Emmalee Tarry.
		Skuas seen in the summer and fall are most probably South Polar Skuas and the Great Skua has not been identified on Stellwagen Bank even in winter.
		Great Skua photographed on Hoy in the Orkney Islands by Emmalee Tarry.
	www.neseabirds.com /jaegergreatskua.htm (233 words)

	* Skua - (Bird): Definition
		The Great Skua breeds near the sea in northern Scotland, Iceland, Faeroes and in arctic and sub-arctic areas of northern Europe...
		The Skua (identified and reported as a South Polar Skua) was first spotted by those at the front of the boat sitting on the water.
		But although tyrannical, the Great Gull is a coward, and meanly does he sneak off when he sees the Skua fly up, which, smaller as it is, yet evinces a thoughtless intrepidity, that strikes the ravenous and merciless bird with terror...
	en.mimi.hu /bird/skua.html (389 words)

	South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The second feature that leaves the great skuas in uncertain relationship is that while Great Skuas and South Polar Skuas could be differentiated the other four taxa they recognised were too similar to be placed on an evolutionary sequence within their clade.
		A possible scenario is that a common population of great skuas in mid latitudes when boreal climates were inhospitable divided into northern and southern hemisphere populations, with later differentiation in the south.
		There is some confusion as well in the literature about whether some of the great skuas should be grouped together within the subgenus skua but this seems over elaborate at the present time when the taxonomy overall is in such flux.
	www.nzbirds.com /birds/skuasouthpolar.html (1637 words)

	Great Skua
		The Great Skua, or Bonxie, is famous for its aggressive defence of territory against human intruders.
		Ringing has shown that Great Skuas from Shetland have emigrated to form colonies in many other areas as far away as north Russia, but the majority of chicks return to their natal colony to try to establish a breeding territory.
		Coverage of Great Skua breeding areas in the Seabird 2000 survey was good in most regions, however, small areas of possible breeding habitat in parts of west and central mainland Shetland and Caithness were not surveyed.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2879-theme=textonly (640 words)

	Long Tailed Skua
		Skuas breed along the sea coasts and inland away from the sea and they breed on the bare ground at high altitudes and when they migrate they fly to the opposite hemisphere.
		The main colors of the Skua are either dark or light brown on the top part of its body and a variable lighter color of brown on its chest and lower body parts.
		While the Skua are in their winter quarters they spend all their time at sea though they will settle on drifting objects, on the shore at times and in the southern hemisphere will perch on ships.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/birding/82938 (703 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The influence of territory density on the vulnerability of Arctic skuas Stercorarius parasiticus to predation.
		The distribution of Arctic skua territories on Foula changed markedly between 1976 and 1999, with a disproportionately large decline occurring in most of the northern half of the island.
		This is particularly relevent in the light of recent concerns that the impact of great skua predation on other seabirds, including Arctic skuas, is unacceptably high in Shetland, and that some degree of population management should be considered.
	www.gla.ac.uk /ibls/DEEB/rwf/refs/itd.htm (308 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Great skua scavengers snack on seabirds as fisheries decline.
		These free lunches have helped to increase the population of great skuas in the North Sea - it is now 200 times the size it was a hundred years ago.
		Great skuas have already suffered from some bad press - they have been known to steal sick lambs from farms, for example.
	www.nature.com /news/2004/040216/pf/040216-16_pf.html (494 words)

	Telegraph \| News
		Researchers have shown that the eating habits of the great skua - a veracious predator which spends the summer in the north of Scotland - are directly linked to the amount of under-size fish thrown back into the North Sea by trawlermen.
		Great skuas are among the most ruthless of Britain's seabirds.
		Great skuas winter off the coasts of Spain and Africa and migrate to the northernmost isles of Britain each spring.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/02/19/nskua19.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/02/19/ixhome.html (654 words)

	Marine Wildlife at SOC
		Great Skuas were never seen approaching closer than about one metre to feeding Northern Fulmars; this distance is roughly equivalent to the ‘spitting’ range of the Fulmar, suggesting that individual skuas either had previous experience of this defence or they have inherent knowledge of its potential danger.
		However, as soon as a Great Skua approached too close to one of the feeding Northern Fulmars, the targeted bird would respond by adopting a defensive posture with 1) raised wings and tail 2) the head slightly tilted back and 3) the beak facing upwards and outwards (Fig 4).
		Furness (1987), who states that Great Skua attacks on Northern Fulmars have been regularly recorded in Iceland, although they are highly localised and apparently only carried out by a small number of individuals.).
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /marine_wildlife/fulmars-jellyfish.html (1034 words)

	Ornithology 2
		Jonathan had discovered a pair of Arctic Skuas which had nested on the debris fan close to the river from Vatnsdalur but I suggested that the hide, which by now seemed to have been manned by just about everyone in the camp, should be abandoned.
		The Skua spotted us when we were still about fifty metres away from the nest and they began circling overhead.
		The Great Skua chick left the nest, which was merely a scraped depression, within the first 48 hours.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /kbportal/icelandframes/ornithology2.html (1224 words)

	Ornithological
		A nest of an Arctic Skua was located and a hide was set up so the nest could be observed without any risk to ourselves or the peace of the bird.
		A lot of great Skua nests were found and a few had a chick in.
		A Skua skull was found and I looked after it through all the floods and other hardships of the month.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /kbportal/icelandframes/ornithology.html (643 words)

	Ageing and moult in Catharacta skuas - surfbirds.com
		Plumage features - all of the juvenile Great Skuas that we have closely examined (probably 1500+ birds) show a rather distinctive internal pattern to the mantle, scapulars and wing coverts, although this may be restricted to the median and lesser coverts of the darkest birds.
		It is also worth noting that the plumage of almost all-dark sub-adult Great Skuas noted on club sites in Shetland showed a small amount of paler mid-brown edging to the greater coverts and also a few paler smudges along the flanks (note that second calendar year birds are never seen at the breeding colonies).
		This is supported by close examination of the known-age captive skuas which, when in their second and third calendar years, revealed that even the darkest birds showed some signs of pale feather centres, usually on the lesser coverts and rear scapulars.
	www.surfbirds.com /mb/Features/skua-identification.html (2258 words)

	Brown skua, Catharacta or Stercorarius lonnbergi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This lack of differentiation, together with the close affinity between the northern Atlantic Great Skua and the Pomarine Skua, indicate a Northern Hemisphere origin for the great skuas, not a Southern Hemisphere one, with just one equator- crosser, as has been traditionally considered.
		Brown Skuas are noisy and very obvious members of the avian fauna on all of New Zealand’s southern islands, with substantial breeding numbers on the Chatham islands (but not Pitt or main Chatham), on the off–shore Stewart Islands, Antipodes, Snares, Auckland and Campbell.
		Southern great skua, subantarctic skua, southern skua, skua gull, Catharacta lonnbergi, Catharacta skua.
	www.nzbirds.com /birds/skuabrown.html (1571 words)

	Encyclopedia: Great Skua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Genera Stercorarius Catharacta The skuas are seabirds in the family Stercorariidae.
		Binomial name Stercorarius parasiticus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Arctic Skua, Stercorarius parasiticus, known as Parasitic Jaeger in North America, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.
		Binomial name Stercorarius pomarinus Temminck, 1815 The Pomarine Skua, Stercorarius pomarinus, known as Pomarine Jaeger in North America, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Great-Skua (876 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - great skua
		Skua, common name for members of a bird genus of the gull family; in Great Britain the name also applies to the birds called jaegers (Jaeger) in the...
		Jaeger, common name for three species of birds of the gull family, related to the skuas and often called by that name in Great Britain.
		Draw a great circle that is perpendicular to both of them.
	encarta.msn.com /great_skua.html (183 words)

	SHETLAND, or ZETLAND - Online Information article about SHETLAND, or ZETLAND
		Noss (7), to the E. of Bressay, from which it is separated by a channel 220 yds.
		skua (Lestris cataractes), which used to be fostered by the islanders to keep down the eagles, and the eggs of which are still strictly preserved.
		Muckle Roe, " great red island " (202), roughly circular in shape and about 3 M. in diameter, lies in the E. of St Magnus Bay.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SHA_SIV/SHETLAND_or_ZETLAND.html (4700 words)

	Great skua - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Great skua - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		The great skua is an aggressive pirate of the seas, deliberately harrassing birds as large as gannets to steal a free meal.
		Great skuas show little fear of humans — anybody getting close to the nest will be repeatedly dive-bombed by the angry adult.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/g/greatskua/index.asp (258 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Territorial intrusions and copulation behaviour in the great skua, Catharacta skua.
		Catry, P and Furness, R.W. Birds of many species intrude on to territories in order to obtain extra-pair copulations, and frequent within-pair copulations are thought to be a response to cuckoldry where mate guarding is not possible.
		Great skuas are colonial birds in which females are left alone in the breeding territory while males forage for the pair.
	www.gla.ac.uk /ibls/DEEB/rwf/refs/ticbgs.htm (250 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Fishing changes set bird on bird
		The great skua is known to feed extensively on discards from commercial fisheries.
		This has exacerbated the tendency of great skuas to switch from scavenging on discards to preying on other seabirds.
		Other seabirds thought to be most at risk from predation by great skuas include Leach's storm petrel, the European storm-petrel and the northern fulmar.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3499355.stm (435 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Great Skua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is probable that the Great Skua may be found off Nova Scotia at any time of year.
		The Great Skua resembles a dark-morph jaeger but may be distinguished by its broader wings, larger white wing-flashes, ponderous wing-beat and heavy body.
		Range In the North Atlantic, the Great Skua breeds in Scotland, Iceland and the Faeroes.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0167.htm (369 words)

	Stercorariidae -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Jaegers are called skuas in Britain, along with the great skua, a larger bird (see skua).
		In American usage, the name is restricted to Catharacta skua, called great skua in Britain; three smaller birds also known in Britain as skuas are called jaegers in the United States (see jaeger).
		A seabird belonging with the jaegers to the family Stercorariidae, the skua is related to the gulls and terns.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9069619?tocId=9069619 (401 words)

	Skua -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The skuas are (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabirds in the family Stercorariidae.
		Skuas nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance (Traveler who moves from one region or country to another) migrants.
		Many are partial kleptoparasites, chasing gulls, terns and other seabirds to steal their catches; the larger species also regularly kill and eat adult birds, up to the size of (White gull having a fl back and wings) Great Black-backed Gulls.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sk/skua.htm (537 words)

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