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Topic: Greater Finland

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	1939: League Of Nations - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Greater participation along technical, social and economic lines affords a partial answer to its continued existence.
		As required by the Convention of 1921 for the Nonfortification and Neutralization of the Aaland Islands, the governments of Finland and Sweden reported to the Council their decision to refortify the islands on account of the present uncertainty in Europe.
		On Dec. 9 the Council heard the appeal of Finland under Articles XI and XVI against Russia for unprovoked aggression, amidst a considerable variety of views among members of the League.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461501343/1939_League_Of_Nations.html (1338 words)

	Finland - SOCIETY
		The largest urban settlement in Finland was greater Helsinki, which, with a population of about 950,000 in the 1980s, contained one-fifth of the country's total population.
		Finland also differed from the other Nordic countries in that the generational transition from the rural occupations to white-collar positions was more likely to be direct, bypassing manual occupations.
		Finland's welfare system also differed from those of its neighbors in that it was put in place slightly later than theirs, and it was only fully realized in the decade after the formation of the Red-Earth government in 1966.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/finland/SOCIETY.html (18773 words)

	Greater Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greater Finland (Finnish: Suur-Suomi) was an idea which was born in some irredentist movements emphasizing pan-Finnicism and expressed a Finnish version of pre-World War II European nationalism.
		In Finland, interest in the landscape and the culture of Karelia was first expressed in a 19th century cultural phenomenon called Karelianism, a form of Finnish national romanticism.
		After Finland's declaration of independence in 1917, in connection with the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War, the situation in the Finnic inhabited areas adjacent to Finland's eastern border was considered unstable and exploitable by Nationalist activism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greater_Finland (410 words)

	Continuation War - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Finland's main goal during World War II was, although nowhere literally stated, to survive the war as an independent country, capable of maintaining its sovereignty in a politically hostile environment.
		Public opinion in Finland longed for the re-acquisition of the homes of the 12% of Finland's population who had been forced to leave Finnish Karelia in haste, and put their hope to the peace conference that was generally assumed to come to follow the World War.
		Finland feared that the Soviet Union would occupy Åland as soon as possible and use it to close naval routes from Finland to Sweden and Germany (together with Hanko base), so Operation Kilpapurjehdus (Sail Race) was launched in the early hours of June 22 to occupy Åland.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=7712 (10539 words)

	Finland - GOVERNMENT
		Finland's government structure has remained largely unchanged since it was established in 1919 with the passage of the Constitution Act.
		Finland has no constitutional court, and suggestions for its establishment have foundered because the Eduskunta has refused to cede this important review power to a court that would be outside parliamentary control.
		Finland's tradition of local self-government, which predates the arrival of Christianity in the country, was placed on a more modern footing in the nineteenth century when local functions were taken from the church, and communities became responsible for education and health matters.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/finland/GOVERNMENT.html (19188 words)

	Finland. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Economy and Society: Finland suffered horribly from war and famine during the Great Northern War.
		Brahe encouraged the use of the Finnish language, convincing Charles XI to learn Finnish and beginning the translation of the Bible into Finnish, and promoted the notion of a Greater Finland.
		Finland suffered a terrible famine and hard winter, worsened by Swedish policies.
	www.bartleby.com /67/766.html (441 words)

	Lonely Planet
		Finland was blighted by constant battles with Russia and severe famines.
		Finland pursued a bitter war to oust German forces from Lapland until the general peace in the spring of 1945.
		Finland's war experience was not only an enormous military defeat; it was an economic disaster because of the burden of reparations imposed by the Soviets.
	www.expedia.co.uk /lonelyplanet/Finland/historyandculture.aspx (851 words)

	History of Finland Summary
		Finland was part of the Swedish Empire from about 1200 to 1809, when Russia conquered the country from Sweden and a personal union between the two countries was established.
		Worried by the development in Russia, and Finland, the non-Socialist Senate proposed for the parliament to declare Finland's independence, which was agreed on in the parliament on December 6, 1917.
		Thus Finland was under an obligation to ensure the residents of the Åland Islands a right to maintain the Swedish language, as well as their own culture and local traditions.
	www.bookrags.com /History_of_Finland (6927 words)

	WWII: Finland's War with Soviet Union 1939 - 1944: Finland's War with the Third Aggressor of WWII
		The idea that somehow Finland was guilty in some way in its military actions against the overpowering strength of the Soviets and their aims regarding annexing Finland, and therefore Finland deserved the loss of Karelia and the harsh terms, is absurd.
		Finland was placed in the Soviet "sphere of influence" along with Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
		Finland is not easily crossed from either the west or the east, unless you cross in winter, not an easy matter either.
	uralica.com /finnliv.htm (4850 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - Domestic Developments and Foreign Politics, 1948-66 \| Finnish Information Resource
		Finland's economy underwent a major transformation in the 1950s and the 1960s, shifting from a predominantly agrarian economy to an increasingly industrial one (see Economic Development, ch.
		Finland benefited from the arrangement because Finnish products sold well in the Soviet market, which could be counted on regardless of fluctuations in the Western economic system.
		Finland placated the Soviets for these initiatives by signing a trade agreement in 1973 with the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA, CEMA, or Comecon--see Glossary), the Soviets' organization for trade and cooperation with its East European allies.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland33.html (2431 words)

	American Technology in Finland before World War I
		Of the American farm implements to be put to use in Finland, the most important were the moving machine in the 1870's, the hay rake in the same time period and the disc and spring tooth harrows and turn plow in the 1890's.
		The advent of this model in Finland is not known as precisely as that of the disc harrow.
		American steam engines were rarely used in Finland, but greater significance seems to have attached to the American turbines that came into use in the 1890's; the advent of American turbines in Finland is likely to have been largely to the credit of the previously-identified Georg Holm.
	www.genealogia.fi /emi/art/article150e.htm (4196 words)

	AllRefer.com - Finland - The Establishment of Finnish Democracy \| Finnish Information Resource
		White Finland's main leaders, Svinhufvud, Mannerheim, and Paasikivi, retired from public life in 1918 and 1919, but each of the three would later be recalled to serve as president at a crucial moment in Finland's development--in 1931, 1944, and 1946, respectively.
		It is a tribute to the strength of the democratic tradition in Finland that the country was able to undergo a bloody and bitter civil war and almost immediately afterward recommence the practices of parliamentary democracy.
		Although in many ways Finland was predominantly nationalist and introspective in spirit, it participated increasingly in the outside world, both economically and culturally, a trend that contributed to its gradual integration into the international community.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/finland/finland25.html (2386 words)

	Greater Helsinki Vision 2050 - International Ideas Competition
		Greater Helsinki municipalities and State of Finland (Ministry of Environment) organize an open ideas competition for the future land use and spatial vision of Greater Helsinki.
		The aim of the competition is to find innovative ideas for the future land use planning and develop sustainable strategies and concrete solutions for strengthening the status and competitiveness of Greater Helsinki as an attractive region to live and conduct business in.
		The competitors are expected to present their general vision for the Greater Helsinki in 2050 together with the detail study supporting it.
	www.greaterhelsinkivision.fi (522 words)

	2003-06-11 : FINLAND: UPDATE 1-SOCCER-ITALY STAY IN THE HUNT WITH 2-0 WIN IN FINLAND. (LBA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Finland showed greater imagination in midfield, but were constantly troubled by the Italians' floated crosses.
		Finland defender Sami Hyypia said his team had fallen victim to classic Italian football.
		Finland are now all but out of the running to reach the finals in Portugal with six points from six games.
	virtual.finland.fi /reuters/00000003.bsk/_r12003061102825.htm (334 words)

	2003-06-11 : FINLAND: SOCCER-ITALY KEEP EURO HOPES ALIVE WITH 2-0 WIN IN FINLAND. (LBA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In an even game, Finland showed greater imagination in midfield, but were constantly troubled by the Italians' floated crosses.
		Finland, who had pressed the Italians early, lost their composure, and Italy sealed the three points in the 73rd minute when Alessandro Del Piero was put clean through and rocketed a shot past Jaaskelainen into the top of the net.
		Finland are now all but out of the running, with six points from six games.
	virtual.finland.fi /reuters/00000003.bsk/_r12003061102579.htm (199 words)

	Greater Washington Initiative
		The number of Greater Washington foreign-owned firms decreased from 643 in 2001 to 607 in 2003.
		The number of Greater Washington firms operating in the Western Hemisphere and East Asia and Pacific regions were unchanged at 50.9% and 50.0% respectively.
		The countries of Korea, Israel, Switzerland, Finland and Sweden, which are not among the top locations for local firms to operate, rank in the top tier for having foreign operations in Greater Washington.
	www.greaterwashington.org /business/international/intl_study.htm (449 words)

	Finland Wanted to Live (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Soviet response was the invasion of Finland on November 30, 1939.
		Finland's struggle to remain free consisted of two phases, the first being the Winter War of (1939-40), a failed attempt to annex Finland in two weeks which resulted in the loss of Karelia province.
		Finland is innocent of all charges, and it is time for compensation: the return of Karelia and the indemnity unjustly levied on the people.
	peacecountry0.tripod.com /finnliv.htm (4110 words)

	Transportation in Finland by ship - by boat, lake traffic in Finland - official tourism and travel guide
		Lappeenranta on Lake Saimaa is the starting point of the Saimaa canal, which runs from Finland to Russia, connecting the waters of Saimaa with the Gulf of Finland at Vyborg.
		The total length of the canal is 43 km, with 23.3 km in Finland and 19.6 km in Russia.
		Lake Pielinen, the fifth largest lake in Finland, is 100 km long, up to 35 km wide and 10 m deep on average.
	www.visitfinland.com /w5/uk/index.nsf/(pages)/Lake_Traffic (676 words)

	Finnish Mission Alumni - Mission Information
		Gary L. Browning was assigned to the Finland Helsinki Mission, and Pres.
		Browning was sent to the Finland Helsinki East Mission, which had its office in Helsinki, but was responsible for missionary work in Russia and the Baltic states.
		Taylor was reassigned and sent to the Finland Helsinki Mission, which had the same office and responsibilities as the mission did before the Russians started coming to Finland.
	www.innernet.org /fma/page1.html (716 words)

	MILITARY AVIATION IN SCANDINAVIA
		Finland particularly made a point of purchasing equipment from both the Soviets and the West.
		The collapse of the Soviet Union, after 1990, gave Finland greater freedom to turn to the West.
		To the east is Finland, invaded by the Soviets in 1939 and forced to yield valuable territory.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Aerospace/Scandinavia/Aero63.htm (1283 words)

	Finland for Thought » Radio Free Finland interviews Henrik Arnstad this afternoon \| Politics, current events, ...
		Finland, as we all know, continued fighting because of the help that was promised to come from these two, and Sweden did, by not letting them move through the country put Finland in an even more dangerous situation.
		Finland would have to fight, the only question that remained was on whose side.
		Finland was de facto allied with Germany by that time, and the Soviets were well within their rights to attack Finland, because Finland was violating the Moscow Peace Treaty.
	www.finlandforthought.net /2006/12/05/radio-free-finland-interviews-henrik-arnstad-this-afternoon (8602 words)

	Finland - The Social Democratic Party
		During World War II, the SDP contributed significantly to national unity, and it resisted both rightist dreams of a Greater Finland and the desires of others for an early truce with the Soviet Union.
		During the 1970s, the SDP moved closer to the center in Finnish politics as a result of the departure of some of the party's members for groups farther to the left and the cautious pragmatic leadership of Kalevi Sorsa, who became party chairman in 1975.
		Although the SDP registered slight gains in the 1988 local elections, it still had to contend with the same economic and social problems that made the other social democratic parties of Western Europe seem to many to be parties of the past.
	countrystudies.us /finland/124.htm (1068 words)

	Russian author: "Finland is preparing for war" - Military Photos
		The book's main idea concerning Finland is that our country is waging a war in an effort to conquer Karelia and in addition to that, even a bigger part of Russia.
		Stechkin's book is not the only one of its kind, books with even greater and greater paranoid nationalistic ideas and conspiracy theories are published in Russia all the time.
		This thread is about Finland, a country that is not a member of NATO or hostile towards Russia in any way.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=68524 (996 words)

	Felix Morrow: The Class Meaning of the Soviet Victories (March 1943) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Finland now looms as the first case in which these guarantees will be rigidly insisted upon.
		Finland, indeed, is well on the way to becoming the “poor little Finland” of the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40.
		Stalin did not explain to the international proletariat that the territorial demands upon Finland in 1939 were to secure the defenses of Leningrad against an attack from Nazi Germany; instead he was publicly assuring Ribbentrop that Nazi-Soviet unity was “cemented by blood” shed in the joint division of Poland.
	www.marxists.org /archive/morrow-felix/1943/03/soviet.htm (6519 words)

	NewsRoom Finland
		Admiral Juhani Kaskeala, the chief of the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF), said Monday that Finland should raise its defence spending to a "Nordic level" in order to buy time for "the inevitable re-evaluation of defence policy solutions".
		Speaking at the opening of the 180th national defence course, Adm Kaskeala underlined that last year, Sweden's defence spending was double and Denmark's and Norway's one and a half times greater than Finland's.
		The defence chief believes that an increase in defence spending is necessary, regardless of the differences in the defence policies of the three countries.
	www.virtual.finland.fi /stt/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=14810&group=Politics (299 words)

	TIME.com: Half-light in Helsinki -- Feb. 21, 1944 -- Page 1
		Over Finland's radio came the numbing news that Cordell Hull had warned the Finns to quit the war at once.
		In the white forests and around the windswept shores of Finland's myriad icebound lakes, Finns blinked and wondered.
		As the Red Army drove into Estonia, 60 miles away across the Gulf of Finland, Moscow's audible, pointed recollections of Finland's part in the bombardment and siege of Leningrad, in the epic sufferings of Leningrad's citizens, sounded sharply prophetic.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,774741,00.html (782 words)

	Carl Savich » Blog Archive » Martti Ahtisaari: “Historical responsibility”
		Finland was one of the closest allies of Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany.
		East Karelia was a Slavic or Russian majority area that was annexed to a Nazi Greater Finland.
		Finland was unique during World War II and the Holocaust in that it freely and voluntarily joined Adolf Hitler’s Nazi New Order in Europe and freely and voluntarily formed Nazi SS formations, which the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal held were criminal and whose members were war criminals.
	serbianna.com /blogs/savich/?p=5 (906 words)

	Poland and the Baltic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1215 he was defeated and imprisoned but ultimately released; he raised another army of 6000 Estonian warriors but was defeated again and killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day (September 1217).
		When Finland broke free from Russia during the revolutions in 1917-8, a monarchy was first contemplated, and the throne was accordingly offered to a German of the Hesse dynasty.
		On November 2 that year, following the defeat of Germany, "Mindaugas", like other German-oriented monarchs throughout the Baltic (see Finland and Latvia), was deposed and the Republic of Lithuania declared.
	www.hostkingdom.net /baltic.html (2715 words)

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