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Topic: Greater Somalia

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History of Somalia

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	Top Literature - Greater Somalia
		Greater Somalia refers to those regions in the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live, as well as to the irredentist vision of unifying these people under an enlarged Somali state.
		Greater Somalia thus encompasses Somalia/Somaliland, eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti and northeastern Kenya.
		The vision of a Greater Somalia appears to have been put aside for the time being, while Somalia struggles to recover from decades of civil war.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=Greater_Somalia (393 words)

	History of Somalia
		Italian hegemony of Somalia was short lived, because on the outset of WWII, Mussolini realized he would have to concentrate his resources primarily on the home front to survive the Allied onslaught.
		During the war years, Somalia was directly ruled by a British military administration and martial law was in place, especially in the north where bitter memories of past bloodshed still lingered.
		The rise of socialism in Somalia is interesting because it does not have a history of class struggle, as Russia and China did.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_Somalia.html (4203 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Greater Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Flag ratio: ~2:3 The flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954.
		Somalia's adherence to socialism became official on the first anniversary of the military coup when Siad Barre proclaimed that Somalia was a socialist state, despite the fact that the country had no history of class conflict in the Marxist sense.
		World War II Italian hegemony of Somalia was short lived, because on the outset of WWII, Mussolini realized he would have to concentrate his resources primarily on the home front to survive the Allied onslaught.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Greater-Somalia (1029 words)

	Somalia - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Somalia comprises almost the entire African coast of the Gulf of Aden and a longer stretch on the Indian Ocean.
		Hostilities between Somalia and Ethiopia erupted in 1964, and Kenya became involved in the conflict as well, which continued until peace was restored in 1967.
		The new government was slow to move to Somalia, delayed by disputes over who would be in the cabinet, whether nations neighboring Somalia would contribute troops to African Union peacekeeping forces, and whether the government would be initially established in the capital or outside it.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Somalia.asp (2176 words)

	Shadow Peace Talks for Somalia
		Anarchy and lawlessness reign supreme in Somalia for the last 12 years, fear,horror and despair engulf its people, prospects of hope for peace and wind of relief are not on the horizon yet.
		The people of Somalia may not be a gun-culture minded society, and its leaders, with the exception of a few war criminals, may not be unpatriotic.
		Somalia is only one of the five Somali territories that once shared the dream of Greater Somalia, and has nothing to do with Somaliland, Djibouti, Western Somali province, and Northeastern Somali province.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2003/03/28-03-03/Shadow.htm (887 words)

	Somalia LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Comparatively, the area occupied by Somalia is slightly smaller than the state of Texas.
		Somalia is committed to supporting the right of self-determination for ethnic Somalis in all adjacent countries, including their right to join in a greater Somalia that would include the Ogaden, now part of Ethiopia.
		Somalia's capital city, Mogadishu, is located on the Indian Ocean coast.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Somalia-LOCATION-SIZE-AND-EXTENT.html (144 words)

	Western Somali Liberation Front - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Somali guerrilla activity in the Ogaden and in the Haud area east of Harer flared sporadically after Somalia gained its independence in 1960, but the guerrilla activity remained essentially a police concern until a border war erupted in 1964.
		Its sphere of operations was in the provinces of Bale, Sidamo, and Arsi, where it advocated union with Somalia or the creation of an independent state.
		Somalia equipped both groups with Soviet arms; both also received aid and training from various Arab and socialist states, including Cuba.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Western_Somali_Liberation_Front (373 words)

	PINR - Intelligence Brief: Somalia
		Somalia entered its stateless condition in 1991, when a number of regional insurgent groups overthrew the dictatorial regime of President Mohamed Siad Barre and were unable to agree on a national political formula.
		The country, which was formed in 1960 as a union of the former British protectorate of Somaliland in the north and the Italian colony of Somaliland in the south, descended into a civil conflict in which the clan-based leaders of the insurgency attempted to consolidate their regional control.
		As Somalia continues its evolution towards a more regularized regionalism, it is too early to predict whether the present stage will be a prelude to a viable federation, an irreversible process ending in fragmentation or a harbinger of persistent indetermination.
	www.pinr.com /report.php?ac=view_printable&report_id=383&language_id=1 (1218 words)

	Somalia - Pan-Somalism
		Preoccupation with Greater Somalia shaped the character of the country's newly formed institutions and led to the build-up of the Somali military and ultimately to the war with Ethiopia and fighting in the NFD in Kenya.
		Somalia refused to acknowledge in particular the validity of the Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1954 recognizing Ethiopia's claim to the Haud or, in general, the relevance of treaties defining Somali-Ethiopian borders.
		Most OAU members were alienated by Somali irredentism and feared that if Somalia were successful in detaching the Somali-populated portions of Kenya and Ethiopia, the example might inspire their own restive minorities divided by frontiers imposed during the colonial period.
	www.countrystudies.us /somalia/16.htm (811 words)

	Spotlight on Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Republic of Greater Somalia is a massive, socially progressive nation, renowned for its complete absence of social welfare.
		Greater Somalia's national animal is the lion, which is also the nation's favorite main course, and its currency is the Shilling.
		Greater Somalia is ranked 11th in the region and 59,137th in the world for Nudest.
	www.nationstates.net /-1/page=display_nation/nation=greater_somalia (210 words)

	Somalia: A Case Study in Interventionism- by Justin Raimondo
		The two were united when Somalia was granted independence, but the divisions persisted, with a northern secessionist movement developing in tandem with the growth of Pan-Somalian nationalist parties: these advocated a "Greater Somalia" and pressed for the "liberation" of Somali-speaking minorities in the Ogaden and Kenya.
		Nationalist Somali ideology, centered on the "Greater Somalia" concept, merged with Marxist boilerplate to energize a form of national socialism that was naturally aggressive.
		Today, Somalia is once again a plaything in the hands of much larger forces, becoming the latest battleground in the war between the United States and what the administration and its neoconservative amen corner would have us believe is al-Qaeda.
	www.antiwar.com /justin/?articleid=9233 (1963 words)

	Tietosanakirja :: encyclopedia : Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Somalian demokraattinen tasavalta eli Somalia on valtio Afrikan sarvessa, Itä-Afrikassa.
		Somalia on maailman köyhimpiä maita ja ollut sisällissodassa vuodesta 1977.
		Somalia on edelleen alueen ainoa de jure -valtio.
	www.tietosanakirja.org /Somalia (494 words)

	Ethiopia's policy towards Somalia
		Moreover, Somalia had always allied with all groups and countries it believed were anti-Ethiopian and had disturbed Ethiopia's peace.
		Related to this, Somalia had succeeded in mobilizing a large number of Ethiopian Somalis as allays in its attempt to execute its expansionist policy.
		After a process of some length, followed by peace and stability in Somalia, there is the chance that it could become a significant market, but this is difficult to imagine in the short and medium term.
	www.mfa.gov.et /Foreign_Policy_And_Relation/Relations_With_Horn_Africa_Somalia.php (806 words)

	Somalia
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator and, with Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Kenya, is often referred to as the Horn of Africa.
		Following the overthrow of the Ethiopian Emperor in 1975, Somalia invaded Ethiopia in 1977 in a second attempt to regain the Ogaden, and the second attempt initially appeared to be in Somalia’s favor.
		Somalia has no functioning central government at present; however, Shariff Hassan Sheikh Adan was elected as Speaker of the Assembly in September 2004, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed was elected as Transitional Federal President of Somalia in October 2004, and Ali Mohamed Gedi was approved by the Transitional Federal Assembly as Prime Minister on December 24, 2004.
	www.factmonster.com /country/profiles/somalia.html (3536 words)

	Camel Milk Threads: Greater Somalia?
		Greater Somalia or Pan-Somalism was what shaped the character of freedom fighters and pro-independent movement (SYL, USP, SNL) who later became leaders of Somalia right after the independence.
		The former Soviet Union had abandoned Somalia for the greater prize of Ethiopia, and Siad desperately switched allegiance to the West to gain assistance.
		This holds for criminal as well as for civilian law: the existing Penal Code in Somalia could be re-applied while courts are being established, and used as a basis by the successor state or states on which to construct their own criminal law.
	www.somaliaonline.com /ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=000322 (10489 words)

	AllRefer.com - Somalia - Introduction \| Somalian Information Resource
		Somalia experienced defeat and the death of 8,000 men, the influx of about 650,000 ethnic Somali and Ethiopian Oromo refugees, and a severe drain on its economy.
		The economic drain was caused by the purchase of military matériel to replace equipment lost in the war--three-quarters of Somalia's armored units and one-half of its air force.
		Therefore, in the near future the establishment of either a federation with Somalia or a unitary state combining the two as in the past was unlikely.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/somalia/somalia11.html (4980 words)

	Somalis and the Future
		The concept of Greater Somalia became a central component of the Somali Republic's foreign and domestic policy.
		Once a significant part of Somalia achieves relative peace and stability under local administrations, the international community should support a conference, preferably at a location inside Somalia, to bring the local administrations together with the goal of creating some form of national government.
		The Greater Somalia idea arose from the widely accepted belief that all Somalis belong to one ethnic group, speak the same language, follow the same religion and share the same culture and tradition.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2004/03/05-03-04/Somalis.htm (2178 words)

	Cascon Case SEK: Somalia-Ethiopia-Kenya 1960-64 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Somalia later encouraged secessionist moves in the Northern Frontier District (NFD) of Kenya prior to the latter's independence.
		Somalia broke relations with Britain when the latter decided to retain the NFD within Kenya, and signed agreements with the CPR to replace British trade, and with the Soviet Union for arms.
		Somalia remained committed to the goal of a Greater Somalia [see OGA].
	web.mit.edu /cascon/cases/case_sek.html (213 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		The term also refers to the greater region containing the republics of Somaliland, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Eritrea, and also the remaining portion of Somalia.
		Socotra is a small island off the coast of Somalia, in the Indian Ocean, that is considered to be part of Africa.
		In Somalia: the Dabarre, the Digil-Rahawlin, the Carre, the Jiiddu, the Shambaara (Gosha), the Somali, the Swahili (Baraawe) and the Tunni.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Horn_of_Africa (1056 words)

	noboriah.somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Somalia does not recognize the colonial frontiers created by Italy, Britain, France and Ethiopia in the latter part of the 19th century and considers parts of Kenya and Ethiopia as well as the whole of Djibouti to be Somali national territory.
		Somalia claims the entire territory of the state of Djibouti, a former French colony on the Red Sea coast, on the grounds that the entire population of Djibouti is composed of Somali clans who were forcibly separated from their kith and kin by French imperialist annexation in the 19
		Somalia claims the Ogaden region of Ethiopia which is largely inhabited by ethnic Somalis as part of its national territory.
	www.usafricaonline.com /nobiorah.somalia.html (1304 words)

	Somalia (09/06)
		The present political situation in much of Somalia is marked by inter-clan fighting and the lack of security, with some areas of relative peace and stability.
		Note: In 1991, a congress drawn from the inhabitants of the former Somaliland Protectorate declared withdrawal from the 1960 union with Somalia to form the self-declared Republic of Somaliland.
		Although the U.S. never formally severed diplomatic relations with Somalia, official relations were interrupted by the fall of the government and have not been fully reestablished in the continued absence of a national government.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm (5340 words)

	Ethiopia Somali Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Encouraged by the breakdown of authority in Addis Ababa after the 1974 overthrow of Haile Selassie, Somalia provided matériel, moral, and organizational support to insurgent movements in the Ogaden and southern Ethiopia.
		Its sphere of operations was in Bale, Sidamo, and Arsi, where it advocated union with Somalia or the creation of an independent state.
		Somalia equipped both groups with Soviet arms; both also received aid and training from various Arab and communist nations, including Cuba.
	www.country-studies.com /ethiopia/somali-groups.html (272 words)

	Ethiopia backs Somaliland trade, not sovereignty
		Backing a unified Somalia was an obligation Ethiopia, the Horn of Africa's top military power, and other regional countries made when they participated in peace talks to establish Somalia's current transitional federal government.
		This is despite the fact that for a few days before it joined the rest of Somalia to form the modern borders, Somaliland ruled for a few days inside the borders etched by British colonisers at independence in 1960.
		The faction led by Yusuf supports the peacekeeping mission, while a group of MPs and warlords in the cabinet are against it and say the presence of foreign troops from neighbouring countries -- Ethiopia in particular -- are a cause for war.
	www.hiiraan.com /news/2006/feb/somali_news03_4.htm (586 words)

	Fears of a new war in Somalia - World - smh.com.au
		Somalia's Islamists vowed a "holy war" yesterday against Ethiopian troops crossing into the Horn of Africa nation, while Addis Ababa threatened to "crush" any attack on the interim government it supports.
		Islamists took the capital Mogadishu from U.S.-backed warlords last month and are threatening the authority of a transitional administration formed in Kenya in 2004 and intended to steer the nation from anarchy to peace.
		It is also anxious at possible Islamist aspirations to establish a "Greater Somalia" which would incorporate areas inhabited by ethnic Somalis such as Ethiopia's Ogaden.
	www.smh.com.au /news/world/fears-of-a-new-war-in-somalia/2006/07/20/1153166525761.html (655 words)

	Somalia
		The present political situation in much of Somalia is marked by inter-clan fighting and random banditry, with some areas of peace and stability.
		Somalia’s surprisingly innovative private sector has continued to function despite the lack of a functioning central government since 1991.
		Somalia is linked to the outside world via ship-to-shore communications (INMARSAT) as well as links to overseas satellite operators by private telecommunications operators (including cellular telephone systems) in major towns.
	www.virtualsources.com /Countries/Africa%20Countries/Somalia.htm (4951 words)

	Welcome banadir.com
		The new provisional government of Somalia has embarked on a campaign to revamp the international image of the war-ravaged country, even as it faces continuing challenges from warlord factions at home.
		Since the 1970s, Somalia's neighbors have felt threatened by the country's ambitions to carve out a "greater Somalia" from parts of northern Kenya, Djibouti and Ethiopia.
		The establishment of the new government at an inter-clan meeting in Djibouti came as a relief to Somalia's neighbors, affected by its instability.
	www.banadir.com /image.shtml (713 words)

	Egal & ‘Greater Somalia’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This is not the first time that the proponents of this lost and discredited cause have sought to enlist the Egal name in its support in a vain attempt to imbue this corpse of a bygone era with a new life.
		The dream of ‘Greater Somalia’ rallied all Somali people during the independence era with its promise of Somali fraternity in the face of colonial division.
		The supporters of ‘Greater Somalia’ should elicit support for their political philosophy in the marketplace of ideas openly and honestly, instead of seeking spurious credibility by mendaciously suborning the support of dead heroes.
	www.somalilandnet.com /somaliland_voice/articles/13371828.shtml (1034 words)

	Somalia shouldn’t claim other people’s territory
		I believe greater Somalia is as dead as a dodo.
		The Ogaden War of 1978-1979 that broke out between Somalia and Ethiopia was the worst calamity in the Horn of Africa.
		Under colonialism Somalia and Somaliland were separate countries divided by a common international border.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/sunday/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=34649 (130 words)

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