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Topic: Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

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	Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yellowstone National Park boundaries were arbitrarily drawn in 1872 in hopes of including all regional geothermal basins in the area.
		Outside of Yellowstone National Park, ten distinct wilderness areas have been established in the National Forests since 1966 to ensure a higher level of habitat protection than is normally mandated.
		[2] Although the Greater Yellowstone population is relatively close to recovery goals, the plan's definition of recovery is controversial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greater_Yellowstone_Ecosystem (913 words)

	Yellowstone cutthroat trout - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) is a subspecies of the Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and is a freshwater fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes.
		Found only in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, centered on Yellowstone National Park, the Yellowstone cutthroat trout is a prized game fish species.
		The threat of overfishing and interbreeding with similar species, the introduction of Lake trout into Yellowstone cutthroat trout spawning areas, and several outbreaks of whirling disease in major spawning tributaries have all led to a significant decline in their population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yellowstone_cutthroat_trout (213 words)

	The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		reater Yellowstone is described as the last large, nearly intact ecosystem in the northern temperate zone of the earth (Reese 1984; Keiter and Boyce 1991).
		Yellowstone National Park (YNP) boundaries were arbitrarily drawn in 1872 in hopes of including all regional geothermal basins.
		Although the GYE population is relatively close to recovery goals, the plan's definition of recovery is controversial (Mattson and Reid 1991; Schullery 1992).
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/noframe/r114.htm (1078 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a loose unit.
		An ecosystem is a dynamic and complex whole, interacting as an ecological unit.
		Different ecosystems are often separated by geographical barriers, like deserts, mountains or oceans, or are isolated otherwise, like lakes or rivers.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Ecosystem (383 words)

	Greater Yellowstone Area Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is a land of superlatives.
		The mission of the Greater Yellowstone Area Initiative is to help inform these management challenges by supporting the development of integrated information resources and making them available in a variety of tools to inform decision making by resource managers and policy makers.
		The central feature of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) is a group of about 24 conterminous mountain ranges extending from southwestern Montana to most of the western third of Wyoming and adjacent southeast Idaho.
	www.nrmsc.usgs.gov /research/gya_ecosystem.htm (1538 words)

	Yellowstone Wildfire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Yellowstone changed its fire policy in 1972, designating 15% of backcountry land as natural fire zones where natural wildfires would be allowed to “let-burn.” Successful experience with this new policy led to the designation, in 1976, of most of the park as “let-burn” wildfire management area.
		Yellowstone proved, as it was suspected, to be characterized by natural stand-replacing fires driven by climate, not fuel type.
		Yellowstone was so confident in its research based policy that managers were able to stand by with confidence as the park literally burned down around them.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/vecase/SeniorColloquium/05/yellowstone.htm (5024 words)

	The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
		Within Greater Yellowstone the headwaters of three major river systems – the Yellowstone, the Snake, and the Green – support a renowned trout fishery and are the lifeblood of agriculture, towns, and cities.
		Modern science has established that an ecosystem is a dynamic collection of plants, animals, and their physical environment interacting through a variety of processes and operating as a unit.
		The 18-million acre Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is one of the largest, relatively intact temperate zone ecosystems left on Earth.
	www.greateryellowstone.org /ecosystem/index.html (447 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Yellowstone is the first and oldest national park in the world and covers 3,470 square miles (8,980 km²), mostly in the northwest corner of Wyoming.
		It is the core of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, one of the largest intact temperate zone ecosystems remaining on the planet.
		Ecologists argued that fire is part of the Yellowstone ecosystem and that not allowing the fires to run their course (as has been the practice in the past) will result in a choked, sick and decaying forest.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Yellowstone_National_Park (3665 words)

	The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem by Dr. Boyce
		The erosion evidence is equivocal in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
		We know that ecosystems aren't constant and that they are changing all the time and the dynamics, per se, may be fundamental in the way in which ecosystems work.
		Yellowstone was the first wilderness set aside for a national park and it remains an inspiration and the confirmation that dreams could be made to come true.
	www.snre.umich.edu /ecomgt/events/sympo97/boyce.htm (4251 words)

	Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The objective of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Initiative is to provide integrated natural resource science information for use by land-resource managers and policy makers.
		Consequently, increases in population (Figure 1) and changes in patterns of land use are potentially causing significant changes in the landscape of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).
		However, the Yellowstone landscape extends far outside the park boundary and includes humans as part of the ecosystem.
	rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov /html/gye (406 words)

	Native Forest Council: Forest Voice
		The Greater Yellowstone ecosystem is the largest remaining area of relatively undisturbed plant and animal habitat in the continental United States.
		Eighty-one percent of Greater Yellowstone’s 18 million acres is publicly owned, and 62 percent of that is national forest.
		Yellowstone, America’s first national park, was established in 1872 for preservation and “for the enjoyment of the people.” Covering a volcanic basin, Yellowstone has more geysers and hot springs than anywhere else in the world.
	www.forestcouncil.org /voice/issues/02_summer/yellowstone.php (489 words)

	NRDC: Threatened Grizzly Bear Habitat in the Greater Yellowstone
		Though adequate habitat currently exists to support and increase the Yellowstone grizzly bear population, pressure is mounting for increased extractive development in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.
		The 1.7 million acres of bear-occupied territory beyond the Recovery Zone is the most threatened area in the entire Greater Yellowstone ecosystem -- more than 50 percent of the habitat in the area is subject to oil and gas development and timber cutting, and more than 75 percent of the land is available for roadbuilding.
		More than 70 percent of national forest lands in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem are subject to logging, either as part of the annual harvest quota or for "ecological" purposes.
	www.nrdc.org /wildlife/animals/grizzlydelist/delist2.asp (467 words)

	The Yellowstone Country Page.
		Yellowstone Park was created in 1872 -- a square piece of land with its boundaries surrounded by wilderness.
		The Greater Yellowstone Coordinating Committee issued a report in June 1997 saying snowmobiles in the GYE dirty the air and pose a danger to automobiles and cross country skiers.
		The population in the Greater Yellowstone area is among the fastest growing in the United States.
	www.forwolves.org /ralph/yellcountry.html (4272 words)

	Plant ecology studies in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Yellowstone National Park has been the center of controversy regarding ungulate and range management almost from its beginning.
		Plants are the part of the ecosystem that captures energy and supplies the rest of the ecosystem.
		The objective of this study is to increase the understanding of the relationship of plant species and communities to ungulate grazing and fire.
	www.nrmsc.usgs.gov /projects/GYE_plant.htm (333 words)

	LUHNA Chapter 8: Natural and Human Drivers of Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Greater Yellowstone area is one of the largest "intact" ecosystems remaining in the temperate zones of the world (Keiter and Boyce 1991).
		The vast nature reserves and wildernesses in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) support a full complement of native birds and mammals, including predators such as grizzly bear and some of the last large herds of migratory ungulates in North America.
		In the case of the GYE, the challenge is to integrate management of natural disturbance and land use across public and private lands so as to maintain suitable habitats for native species across the full elevational gradient.
	biology.usgs.gov /luhna/chap8.html (2727 words)

	Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
		From tiny microbes dwelling in the hot pools of Yellowstone to wolves now colonizing Grand Teton National Park, northwest Wyoming is one of the foremost sanctuaries for flora and fauna in the world.Welcome to the GYE, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
		Comprising 11 million acres in Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana and encompassing forests and alpine lakes, mountain ranges, and wild rivers, the GYE is the largest relatively intact ecosystem in the lower 48 states.
		A small portion of the GYE is private land and people live here, of course, but most of the land is protected in two national parks and more than a dozen national forests, wilderness areas, and state and federal wildlife refuges.
	www.focusproductions.com /HTML/mtncntrypages/mtncntry1.htm (1187 words)

	Wyoming Outdoor Council: Programs - Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem - Home
		The goal of our Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) Protection Program is to protect the rich biodiversity, sparkling clear air and clean water, and exceptional wilderness, recreation and aesthetic qualities of the largest, least roaded and most intact ecosystem within the lower 48.
		Yellowstone National Park, the United States’ first national park, provides the GYE’s name and fertile core.
		The surrounding national forest and BLM lands (in addition to Grand Teton National Park) are every bit as necessary to the health and strength of the ecosystem, providing the essential habitat to allow wildlife to range in response to seasons, food needs and other varying conditions.
	www.wyomingoutdoorcouncil.org /programs/gye/index.php (251 words)

	Greater Yellowstone history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Greater Yellowstone, as a concept, got its start in 1882, only10 years after the national park was established.
		``Yellowstone alone is not a complete ecosystem for the grizzlyor the northern elk herd,'' said Frank Craighead, now of Moose,Wyo. ``The area we worked with we termed the Yellowstoneecosystem.'' During congressional hearings in 1977 on designation ofcritical habitat for the now officially threatened grizzly, theCraigheads were talking about a greater Yellowstone ecosystem.
		For all of their accomplishments in grizzly research and all of their legacies they left for wildlife research in general, such as the use of radio telemetry, perhaps the Craigheads' greatest legacy is that phrase.
	www.rockybarker.com /yelhist.html (527 words)

	Yellowstone - National Wildlife Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The greater Yellowstone ecosystem provides unique homes for wildlife species ranging from bighorn sheep to bald eagles.
		Seeking Safe Passage - Scientists are increasingly discovering the benefits of protecting wildlife corridors, like those in the Yellowstone ecosystem, that connect isolated wildlife habitats.
		Rebirth of Yellowstone's Wolves - The saga of the first wolf pups born in the region in seven decades
	www.nwf.org /yellowstone (236 words)

	NRDC: Grizzly Bear Mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
		In 2004, the death rate of Yellowstone grizzlies was higher than the population can sustain.
		We know that 19 bears were killed in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem -- most as a result of conflict with humans -- and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that at least one other grizzly was killed illegally for each bear killed within the bounds of the law.
		Today, the Yellowstone grizzly bear population is isolated from other populations, making Yellowstone grizzlies vulnerable to genetic problems.
	www.nrdc.org /wildlife/animals/grizzlydelist/delist3.asp (614 words)

	" NASA Funds Study on Relationship Between People, Ecosystem"
		The three-year study is measuring how characteristics of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem influence local communities and how human land use may affect the diversity and productivity of the ecosystem.
		The study is timely because the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is seeing dramatic growth in human population and socioeconomics, Hansen said.
		"The wildlife, scenery and recreation of the ecosystem may be some of the region's greatest economic assets, but human development may be concentrated in the very places that are most important to native species and ecological productivity,"he said.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/univ/hansen.html (656 words)

	MSU study details changes in Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
		The GYE's overall population, for example, grew by 55 percent between 1970 and 1997 while the fastest growing counties in that area jumped 107.2 percent.
		"Everybody that lives around Yellowstone is well aware that major changes have been occurring, but until now, there have been relatively few system-wide assessments of those changes," said Andrew Hansen, lead author of a paper describing those changes and their consequences.
		"GYE counties that wish to stimulate economic growth may find it prudent to expand wilderness areas and other public lands, manage land use to protect scenery, ensure that streams and rivers remain free flowing and conserve wildlife," the report suggested.
	www.montana.edu /cpa/news/nwview.php?article=143 (699 words)

	[No title]
		The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming makes an excellent case study of how the international community, federal agencies and environmentalists are using a variety of tools to fully implement the practices of Conservation Biology.
		The "Save Yellowstone Now" campaign is multifaceted, and involves media, political, legislative and legal efforts of a number of environmental groups including the Greater Yellowstone Coalition.
		Sierra Club, in cooperation with the Greater Yellowstone Coalition, appealed a USFS decision on the Bridger-Teton National Forest to the south of Yellowstone National Park.
	www.sovereignty.net /p/land/wildlandtom.htm (3235 words)

	Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem -- Wolf Reintroduction
		Since Grand Teton National Park is part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, it's possible that new wolf packs could move into the Jackson Hole valley in the near future.
		In March 1995, the first 14 transplanted Canadian wolves were released in northern Yellowstone in an effort to bring back the region's natural wolf population.
		Although more wolves are scheduled for release in Yellowstone during the next few years, the releases may not be necessary if the resident wolves continue to thrive.
	www.americanparknetwork.com /parkinfo/gt/flora/wolf.html (170 words)

	Yellowstone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Yellowstone grizzly bears continue to increase their range and distribution annually and grizzly bears in the Yellowstone area now occupy habitats they have been absent from for decades.
		The Yellowstone DPS now represents a viable population which has sufficient numbers and distribution of reproductive individuals so as to provide a high likelihood that the species will continue to exist and be well distributed throughout its range for the foreseeable future.
		Wildlife Monograph: "Temporal, spatial, and environmental influences on the demographics of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem"
	www.r6.fws.gov /species/mammals/grizzly/yellowstone.htm (660 words)

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