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	II. Osteology. 6c. 3. The Femur. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Greater Trochanter (trochanter major; great trochanter) is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence, situated at the junction of the neck with the upper part of the body.
		Running obliquely downward and medialward from the summit of the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the neck is a prominent ridge, the intertrochanteric crest.
		The other two borders of the femur are only slightly marked: the lateral border extends from the antero-inferior angle of the greater trochanter to the anterior extremity of the lateral condyle; the medial border from the intertrochanteric line, at a point opposite the lesser trochanter, to the anterior extremity of the medial condyle.
	www.bartleby.com /107/59.html (5194 words)

	Prosthetic hip joint - Patent 4153953
		The greater trochanter is re-attached by forming a pair of holes through the greater trochanter and, if necessary, through adjacent parts of the femur, inserting a U-bolt through the holes in the greater trochanter, the U-bolt passing through the hole in the stem, and pressing the greater trochanter against adjacent parts of the femur.
		The prosthesis of claim 2, wherein the width of the stem initially increases as the stem extends away from the neck and towards the hole, providing a region of greatest width approximately in the vicinity of the hole whereby likelihood of stem fracture in the region of the hole is reduced.
		Once the greater trochanter 60 has been re-located at location 62, the trochanter clamps 46 are fitted onto the limbs 44 and the nuts 54 are screwed along the limbs to press the clamps against the greater trochanter, forcing the claws 52 into the greater trochanter.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4153953.html (2380 words)

	XII. Surface Anatomy and Surface Markings. 14. Surface Markings of the Lower Extremity. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The upper margin of the greater sciatic notch is opposite the spinous process of the third sacral vertebra, and slightly below this level is the posterior inferior iliac spine.
		The surface markings of the posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine are both situated in a line which joins the posterior superior iliac spine to the outer part of the ischial tuberosity; the posterior inferior spine is 5 cm.
		With the body in the erect posture the line joining the public tubercle to the top of the greater trochanter is practically horizontal; the middle of this line overlies the acetabulum and the head of the femur.
	www.bartleby.com /107/292.html (1281 words)

	[No title]
		Shortening of the femoral neck and relative overgrowth of the greater trochanter are the main problems after avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis.
		In many cases, the greater trochanteric physis, which is usually not damaged, continues to grow, leading to a relatively upward displacement of the greater trochanter.
		Delayed union was not observed despite the distraction and the lateral displacement of the greater trochanter.
	www.diavlos.gr /orto96/nov97/kirkos3.htm (1800 words)

	Bone fastener for the greater trochanter - Patent 4269180
		Good apposition of the greater trochanter is sometimes compromised during the final tensioning and tying of the wires, and this may result in a less than optimal functional result.
		In a hip joint replacement operation, the greater trochanter 12 is severed from the remainder of the femur at a zone 14 and the femoral head is severed from the remainder of the femur at a zone 10.
		Thus, the implant is held against movement around the trochanter by the limbs 32 and 36 and the teeth 34 and 38 and is pressed firmly against the greater trochanter by the tensioned cable 22.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4269180.html (1638 words)

	Orthopaedic - Classifications of Trochanteric Fracture Patterns
		The femoral shaft tends to displace medially by the downward and outward sliding of the greater trochanter; fixation, especially by sliding screws, is incapable of controlling this displacement.
		In the second, the greater trochanter is also totally broken off; while, in the third, the neck spike is not telescoped into the shaft, but is displaced medial to the shaft.
		Two factors must be considered in the assessment of stability: loss of medial support, as a result of a separation of the lesser trochanter in association with a fracture of the medial arch; and comminution of the posterior cortex, which is frequently associated with a separation of the greater trochanter.
	www.maitrise-orthop.com /corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/mo65_trochanteric_fracture/index.shtml (2692 words)

	Joel Matta, MD - THR Through Anterior Approach - Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The disadvantage of the Harding approach however is the necessity of detachment of the gluteus minimus and a portion of the gluteus medius from the greater trochanter which can lead to a delay in functional recovery or in a minority of cases incomplete healing of the abductors to the trochanter.
		I use the junction of the lateral shoulder of the neck and greater trochanter as the indicator for the level of the cut and place the lateral portion of the cut slightly distal to this point.
		The neck cut is completed with an osteotome that divides the lateral neck from the medial greater trochanter and is directed posterior and slightly medial to avoid the posterior greater trochanter.
	www.hipandpelvis.com /physicians_corner/thr.htm (5600 words)

	Chapter 14: The gluteal region
		A bursa is found lateral to the greater trochanter, and the strong gluteal aponeurosis over the gluteus medius muscle continues inferiorward as the iliotibial tract of the fascia lata.
		The exit of the superior gluteal nerve and artery from the pelvis is indicated by the superior point of trisection of a line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the upper end of the greater trochanter (fig.
		Note that (A) a nerve and artery leave the greater sciatic notch superior to the piriformis, (B) seven nerves (the nerve to the quadratus femoris is not shown) and two arteries emerge inferior to the piriformis (see the list in the legend of fig.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_3/chapter_14.html (1273 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Trochanter
		Trochanter: One of the bony prominences toward the near end of the thigh bone (the femur).
		The greater trochanter is also called the major trochanter, the outer trochanter, and the lateral process of the femur.
		The greater trochanter gives attachment to a number of muscles (including the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, obturator internus and externus, and gemelli muscles) while the lesser trochanter receives the insertion of several muscles (including the psoas major and iliacus [iliopsoas] muscles).
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?articlekey=10448 (188 words)

	Trochanteric basket - Patent 4473068
		The implant is adapted to overlie the greater trochanter and a portion thereof is adapted to be deformed into approximate conformity with the contour of the greater trochanter.
		To strengthen the implant and to enable the implant to better cooperate with the greater trochanter, the implant preferably includes a deformable circumferentially extending band coupled to the first and second bands radially outwardly of the location at which the first and second bands are joined together.
		After the greater trochanter 13 is relocated, it can be retained in position with the implant 11 and with elongated elements, such as wires 55, 57 and 59, as shown in FIGS.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4473068.html (3055 words)

	The Bones of the Lower Limb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The neck is limited laterally by the greater trochanter and is narrowest in diameter at its middle.
		The greater trochanter lies laterally, close to the skin, and can be easily palpated on the lateral side of the thigh.
		Because it is the most lateral point of the hip region, the greater trochanter cause you discomfort when you lie on your side on a hard surface.
	www.geocities.com /medinotes/lowrbone.htm (1969 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Symptomatic Snapping Hip
		For the external type, the location described by patients tends to be lateral to the greater trochanter; for the internal type, the location is anterior to the hip or in the groin.
		to lengthening the band and transposing it anterior to the greater trochanter.
		The goal of surgery is either to alter the anatomy and mechanics of the ITB so that it remains anterior to the greater trochanter or to lessen the tension of the ITB so that it does not snap over the greater trochanter.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2004/0104/meislin.htm (2950 words)

	GREATER TROCHANTER BONE LOSS IN PREOPERATIVE TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT PATIENTS IS RELATED TO THE HIP ADDUCTION MOMENT ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The hypothesis tested in this study was that reductions in the greater trochanter BMD were significantly correlated with reductions in the hip adduction moment during gait.
		BMD of the greater trochanter was measured with a Lunar x-ray bone densitometer.
		The hip adduction moment during gait was a significant predictor of greater trochanter BMD.
	www.asb-biomech.org /onlineabs/abstracts97/117 (587 words)

	Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Curved intertrochanteric varus osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head
		The elevation of the greater trochanter was expressed by subtracting the pre-operative from the post-operative VD.
		The lateral displacement of the greater trochanter was measured by subtracting the pre-operative from the post-operative LD.
		The intact area of the femoral head on the weight-bearing portion was calculated as a ratio as shown in Figure 3.16 Briefly, the point m was determined by drawing a perpendicular line to the acetabulum from the midpoint of the acetabular edge W and the tear-drop.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200404/ai_n9351989 (1385 words)

	eMedicine - Snapping Hip Syndrome : Article by Joseph P Garry
		Snapping hip syndrome may be due to an external cause (eg, snapping of the iliotibial band or gluteus maximus over the greater trochanter) or an internal cause (eg, snapping of the iliopsoas tendon over the iliopectineal eminence, acetabular labral tear, intra-articular loose body).
		Originating along the posterior ilium, dorsal surface of the sacrum, and gluteal aponeurosis, the gluteus maximus inserts on the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
		Subluxation of the iliotibial band over the greater trochanter may occur while the hip extends from a flexed position (in which the iliotibial band lies anterior to the greater trochanter) to a position posterior to the greater trochanter.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic123.htm (1298 words)

	Instruction - Hip Joint
		The joint is formed by the articulation of the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.
		The landmark used to approximate the center of rotation for the hip joint is the greater trochanter of the femur.
		The hip joint center is located approximately 3 cm above the most lateral bony prominence of the greater trochanter.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~amayo/itec845/Final/instruct1.htm (77 words)

	New York School Of Regional Anesthesia - Sciatic Nerve Block: Posterior Approach
		It is important that the structure of the greater trochanter is approached from its posterior aspect.
		The line between the greater trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine is connected and divided in half.
		A line passing through the midpoint of the line between the greater trochanter and posterior-superior iliac spine and perpendicular to it is extended 4-cm caudal and marked as the needle insertion point.
	www.nysora.com /techniques/intermediate/sciatic_post/sciatic_post.html (2630 words)

	Femur page
		is an excavation that is medial and caudal to the greater
		TROCHANTER: Trochanter is from the Greek word trokhanter which was orginally used in anatomy as a name for the globular head of the femur.
		Later, the usage of the term slipped down the neck of the femoral head and became applied to the lateral and medial (greater and lesser) processes.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /courses/bms/Osteology1/Canine/Femur/Femur.htm (533 words)

	Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Evaluation of accuracy and precision of bone markers for the measurement of ...
		Measurements were made from scanned radiographs using a reference line, parallel to the axis of the shaft of the prosthesis, between the shoulder of the prosthesis and either the contour of the greater trochanter or an implanted tantalum marker, as well as between the shoulder and tantalum balls inserted into the lesser trochanter.
		Conventional measurements between the greater trochanter and the shoulder of the stem in comparison with RSA data (at 24 months, median - 1.7; interquartile range -4.5 to 0.7) were not significantly different from those between a marker and the shoulder of the prosthesis (median -1.1; interquartile range -2.5 to 0.9; Fig.
		The precision of measurements between the greater trochanter and the shoulder of the prosthesis was slightly worse (sigma = 0.93).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200107/ai_n8975615 (1290 words)

	Hip pad for protecting greater trochanter from impact - Patent 5717997
		The hip pads have a slit extending through the planar surface that is centered over the greater trochanter region and disperses any impact forces against the pad away from the greater trochanter region.
		When a force is applied against the hip pad 30, the cross-slit 34 allows the area of the pad surrounding the greater trochanter region to compress more than the remaining area of the hip pad 30.
		The energy from the forces against the pad are absorbed in the remaining region away from the greater trochanter area, thereby reducing fracture injuries of the greater trochanter region.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5717997.html (2305 words)

	Implant to secure the greater trochanter - Patent 4120298
		The conventional technique to attach and secure the greater trochanter to the femur as part of a hip joint surgery is by the use of tie wires or sometimes screws.
		1 is constructed to conform with the shape of the femur and greater trochanter.
		One end of the plate 1 is formed to approximate the upper curvature of the greater trochanter 3 and the other end is fitted flush to the femur 4.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4120298.html (700 words)

	A BIPLANE "V" OSTEOTOMY OF THE TROCHANTER IMPROVES STABILITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The trochanter was stabilized using the Charnley wiring technique (2 vertical and 2 looped horizontal wires) using 18 gauge orthopaedic wire.
		Load was applied by pulling on the cable attached to the trochanter using a materials testing machine (Instron 1122, Canton, MA), at a loading rate of 200 mm/min, until failure of the wire was observed or the fragment had displaced greater than 10 mm.
		Displacement of the trochanter was measured with an extensometer attached to the femoral shaft and resting on the caudolateral aspect of the trochanter.
	www.asb-biomech.org /onlineabs/abstracts99/152 (584 words)

	Select a Medical Service \| Orthopaedic Surgery \| Updates
		The bursa surrounds the gluteus medius insertion on to the greater trochanter of the femur.
		The pain is usually lateral and/or posterior to the greater trochanter and is exacerbated with external rotation of the hip.
		A careful history of previous surgery over the involved trochanter is important as surgical scars, previous trauma or prosthetic implants may indicate the cause of the trochanteric bursitis.
	www.lahey.org /Medical/Ortho/Updates/trochanteric.asp (1015 words)

	Nerve Blocks for Anaesthesia and Analgesia of the Lower Limb (page 4)
		For the anterior approach, the landmarks are the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis on the pelvis and the greater trochanter on the femur.
		A line is drawn between the greater trochanter and the posterior superior iliac spine (the line lies approximately over the upper border of the piriformis muscle).
		The greater trochanter is palpated on the outside of the leg and the ischial tuberosity is also located, being the main prominence at the base of the buttock.
	www.nda.ox.ac.uk /wfsa/html/u11/u1112_04.htm (1923 words)

	Focused Investigation on Risks of Osteoporosis Polio Survivors & Age-Matched Controls
		The Greater Trochanter area of the hip is composed of 60 percent cortical bone and 40 percent trabecular bone, while the proportions of bone are reversed for Ward's Triangle area of the hip (i.e., 40% cortical and 60% trabecular).
		One explanation for the reversal in the "accelerated aging" effect observed for the Greater Trochanter area can be traced to previous findings reported above in conjunction with an application of the life course perspective to polio data (see part 2 of the general Results section, pages 51-64).
		For the Greater Trochanter area of the hip, polio survivors in the 'None' and 'Noncontinuous' categories of ERT had almost twice the rate of bone loss compared to age-matched, non-disabled controls with the same level of ERT usage (see Figure 32).
	www.skally.net /ppsc/ert.html (7330 words)

	The Increasingly Common Trochanteric Bursitis \| John Palo, BS, DC, CCSP, DABCO
		The bag is hitting upon and irritating at the femur's greater trochanter.
		This continuous irritation soon initiates as inflammation of the bursa overlying the greater trochanter, i.e., trochanteric bursitis.
		This "runner's bursitis" is from repetitive greater override of the tensor fascia lata over the greater trochanter.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/14/18/14.html (541 words)

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