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Topic: Greco-Buddhist art

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Greco-Buddhist art - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 3-4) Vajrapani, the protector of the Buddha, depicted as Herakles in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara. Herakles was used in Greco-Buddhist art to represent Vajrapani, the protector of the Buddha, and his representation was then used in China and Japan to depict the protector gods of Budhist temples. Most of the remaining art of Bactria was destroyed from the 5th century onward: the Buddhist were often blamed for idolatry and tended to be persecuted by the iconoclastic muslims. www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Greco-Buddhist_art

History of Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal. The Buddhist art of the Mons was especially influenced by the Indian art of the Gupta and post-Gupta periods, and their mannerist style spread widely in South-East Asia following the expansion of the Mon kingdom between the 5th and 8th centuries. Zen art is mainly characterized by original paintings (such as sumi-e and the Enso) and poetry (especially haikus), striving to express the true essence of the world through impressionistic and unadorned "non-dualistic" representations. www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_Buddhism

Indo-Greek Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Yuezhi (future Kushans) were in many ways the cultural and political heirs to the Indo-Greeks, as suggested by their adoption of the Greek culture (writing system, Greco-Buddhist art) and their claim to a lineage with the last western Indo-Greek king Hermaeus, as examplified by the coinage of the first Kushan emperor Kujula Kadphises. A 2nd century BCE relief from a Buddhist stupa in, in eastern Madhya Pradesh (today at the Indian Museum in Calcutta), represents a foreign soldier with the curly hair of a Greek and the royal headband with flowing ends of a Greek king. Menander, the "Saviour king", seems to have converted to Buddhism, and is described in Buddhist texts as a great benefactor of the religion, on a par with Ashoka or the future Kushan emperor Kanishka. www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Indo-Greek

ArtLex on Buddhist Art and Buddhism A symbol of steadfastness in the face of temptation, Fudo is one of the most commonly depicted of the Esoteric Buddhist deities known as Myo-o, "King of Brightness." Here his youthful, chubby body and his skirt and scarf are modeled with the restrained, gentle curves typical of late Heian sculpture. Borobudur -- one of the most magnificent Buddhist shrines in the world -- was built at the end of the 9th century by the Hindu kings of the Sailendra dynasty. This statue of Fudo, whose name means "immovable," is a staunch guardian of the Buddhist faith, warding off enemies of the Buddha with his word of wisdom and binding evil forces with his lasso. www.artlex.com /ArtLex/b/Buddhism.html

Art in Ancient Greece - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Art historians generally define Ancient Greek art as the art produced in the Greek-speaking world from about 1000 BC to about 100 BC. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. Distinctive pottery that ranks as art was produced on some of the Aegean islands, in Crete, and in the wealthy Greek colonies of southern Italy and Sicily. www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Art_in_Ancient_Greece

Buddhas of Bamiyan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Hsüan-tsang (Xuanzang) passed through the area around 630 AD and described Bamiyan as a flourishing Buddhist centre "with more than ten monasteries and more than a thousand monks", and he noted that both Buddha figures were "decorated with gold and fine jewels" (Wriggins, 1996). It was one of the major Buddhist centres from the second century up to the time that Islam entered the valley in the ninth century. Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan

Online edition of Sunday Observer - Business However, the Buddhist art and sculpture of Afghanistan suffered at the hands of Chengezkan in the 13th century when he invaded that country. At the beginning of the Christian era, a large part of Afghanistan was Buddhist and Afghan missionaries sought distant fields and horizon to propagate the teaching of the Buddha. That is why they had a great respect for the Buddhist rule and for the Buddhist period of history of their country. www.sundayobserver.lk /2004/03/28/fea16.html

Demetrius I of Bactria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Also in another parallel, the characteristic protector deity of Demetrius (Herakles standing with his club over his arm, as seen on the reverse of his coins), was represented in the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara as the protector deity of the Buddha. The deified likeness of Demetrius, including facial features and physical proportions, may have influenced some of the first representations of the Buddha in Greco-Buddhist art, typically depicted in a manner reminescent of the Greek king. Unambigous Buddhist symbols are scarce even on later Greek coins, and it seems rather unlikely that Demetrius I, who was born in the Greek milieu of Bactria and struck coins with Olympic gods, personally was a buddhist. www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria

Personal Webpages Buddhist Councils - History of the Buddhist councils, which have been periodically convened since the Buddha's death, primarily for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of the record of the Buddha's teachings. How Buddhists perceive the world, the four main teachings of the Buddha, the Buddhist view of the self, the relationship between this self and the various ways in which it responds to the world, the Buddhist path and the final goal. UK Association for Buddhist Studies - Acts as a focus for Buddhist Studies in the UK, and is open to academics, post-graduates, and unaffiliated Buddhist scholars or interested Buddhist practitioners. recoverysitelocator.20fr.com /buddhism.html

Mahayana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This was also the time and place of a rich cultural interaction between Buddhism and Hellenistic culture, which influenced the early representations of Buddhas, in what is known as Greco-Buddhist art. The formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism has been dated to around the middle of the 2nd century CE, when the Kushan emperor Kanishka convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Gandhara, which confirmed the formal scission of Mahayana Buddhism from the traditional Nikaya schools of Buddhism. From the 1st century CE and in the space of a few centuries, Mahayana was to flourish and spread in the East from India to South-East Asia, and towards the north to Central Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, culminating with the introduction of Buddhism in Japan in 538 CE. www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Mahayana

Peter Occhiogrosso - Religious Art Some art historians feel that later Greco-Roman depictions of Christ, particularly the Christ of the Passion, were influenced by Buddhist paintings and statues such as this. All bodhisattvas are devoted to compassion, so Avalokiteshvara, as the Bodhisattva of Compassion, occupies a special place in the hearts of all Mahayana Buddhists, especially in the Tibetan tradition, where he is considered the patron and guardian of the entire country, and where the Dalai Lama is believed to be his manifestation. Many art historians, along with mythologist Joseph Campbell, believe Isis and Horus became the model for countless Christian depictions of the Madonna and child, just as Mary took on the titles once applied to Isis, such as Regina Coeli ("Queen of Heaven") and Stella Maris ("Star of the Sea"). www.joyofsects.com /art.shtml

Art of Buddhistlinks.org Buddhist Art and Architechture - Tibetan Buddhist Art - http://www.buddhanet.net/tibart.htm Buddhist Art and Ritual from Nepal and Tibet - Construction of the Medicine Buddha sand Mandala at the Ackland Art Museum - http://www.ackland.org/art/exhibitions/buddhistart/construction.htm On the Path to Void: Buddhist Art of the Tibetan Realm buddhistlinks.org /Art.htm

Physical characteristics of the Buddha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Greco-Buddhist art, Gandhara. Although the Buddha was not represented in human form until around the 1st century CE (see Buddhist art), the Physical characteristics of the Buddha are described in one of the central texts of the traditional Pali canon, the Digha Nikaya, in the discourse titled "Sutra of the Marks" (Pali: Lakkhana Sutta) (D.iii.142ff.). His body was light-colored and golden, with a pinkish color under the nails. www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha

Bagram air base Information However, the works of art found in Begram are either quite purely Hellenistic, Roman, Chinese or Indian, with only little indications of the cultural syncretism found in Greco-Buddhist art. The "Begram treasure" as it has been called, is indicative of intense commercial exchanges between all the cultural centers of the Classical time, with the Kushan empire at the junction of the land and sea trade between the east and west. www.echostatic.com /Bagram_air_base.html

Areas of Study: Art History Jo-Anne Berelowitz received her BA in Art History and English Literature from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, her M.A. in Art History from Stanford University, and Ph.D in Art History from the University of California, Los Angeles. Her work is included in the anthology: Art Apart: Art institutions and ideology across England and North America (Manchester), and in Mixed Feelings: Art and Culture in the Post-border Metropolis (Routledge), and in an anthology (as yet untitled) on museums. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Pomona College, and received her Masters of Art and Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles, specializing in Roman art, with minors in Roman history and medieval art. art.sdsu.edu /areas/arthistory.html

Untitled Document In March, the towering twin Buddhas of Bamiyan -- the greatest remaining monuments of Greco-Buddhist art in Afghanistan -- vanished in a hail of Taliban missiles and antiaircraft fire. A preservationist push -- for the art itself, time is running out'' -- inspired the photographer David Coulson and a museum administrator, Alec Campbell, to travel in 15 nations, often in rough country with military protection. In his informative introduction, Henk Schiffmacher notes that tattoo art, which ''disappears along with the person who bears it,'' can be both ephemeral and enduring, as tribal artists preserve cultural memory over successive generations. www.mtholyoke.edu /offices/comm/oped/art.shtml

Babel Kanishka I Buddhist monks of Gandhara did a lot of missionary work during the regin of Kanishka. Ancient Chinese manuscripts tell of Buddhist pilgrims reporting that the stupa had a height of 591-689 feet. Kushan coinage of Kanishka's time also includes Hindu, Buddhist, and Persian figures of deities. towerofbabel.com /map/articles/05/03/11/0415241.shtml?tid=272&tid=279

DENIKE In the early 1920s he moved to Moscow, where he was appointed lecturer on Oriental art at Moscow University; in 1925 he became professor of Oriental art, a position he held until his death. In the same year he was appointed director of the Museum of Oriental Cultures in Moscow (now the Museum of Art of the Peoples of the Orient). He first studied Russian art at Kazan University, from which he was graduated in 1911. www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f3/v7f335.html

Theodamas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Although after 50 BCE Indo-Greek rulers were replaced by the Indo-Scythians and then the Indo-Parthians, Greek culture was maintained to some extent (as indicated by the Greek-style coin types adopted by the conquerors, and the development of Greco-Buddhist art). Bajaur seal inscription of Theodamas (Early Buddhist Manuscript Project) (http://depts.washington.edu/ebmp/inscriptions.php#CKI0034) It seems some Greek communities and cities also maintained some level of independence (although they didn't have the right to issue coinage), and Theodamas may have been one of their local rulers. www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Theodamas

Seasons India :: Destinations Pillars : The most important is pillar 10, which was erected by Ashoka and stands close to the southern entrance to the great stupa.The 3 back-to-back lions are an excellent example of the Greco-Buddhist art of that era at its finest. This toranas are the finest works of art at Sanchi and amongst the finest example of Buddhist art in India. Southern Gateway : The oldest of the gateways, this includes scenes of the Buddha's birth and also events from Ashoka's life as a Buddhist. www.seasonsindia.com /travel/destination_detail_sea.jsp?city=SANCHI

Standing Bodhisattva It illustrates the range of influences that characterized Indian art under the Kushan dynasty whose kingdom extended from Northern India to Afghanistan. And it was via such representations that Buddhist iconography was to spread, ultimately to China, along the Silk Road. The plinth is also decorated with a Buddhist scene depicting donors worshipping the Enlightened Ones begging bowl. www.museeguimet.fr /gb/pages/page_id17988_u1l2.htm

MODULE XV Buddhist and Jain traditions go back to Gautama the Buddha and Mahavira in the sixth century B.C.E. and the canonical writings in Pali, Prakrit and Sanskrit (the Buddhist Tripitaka or "three baskets" and the Jain Agama-s or "received teachings"). Buddhist and Jain traditions of thought are called nastika ("inauthentic" or "non-believing"), since they do not accept Indo-Brahmanical shruti and rely only on perception and inference as means of knowing (pramanas). To be sure, both the Buddhist and Jain traditions are a good deal older than the systematic Hindu schools of the first centuries of the Common Era. www.indiana.edu /~isp/cd_rom/mod_12/mod_12_x.htm

art This figure, with ribbons floating from his head, an Iranian-style halo and Scythian and Sarmatian-style jewelry, evokes the art of Palmyra rather than the Greco-Roman models familiar to Gandharan art. Corinthian pilasters on a Buddhist stupa of green schist at Mingora, in the Upper Swat Valley, Pakistan. Note the synthesis of Greek influence and Buddhist iconography characteristic of the Gandhara style. www.utexas.edu /courses/medweb/art.html

Kushan art --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! Kusana art There are two major stylistic divisions among artifacts of the period: the imperial art of Iranian derivation, and the Buddhist art of mixed Greco-Roman and Indian sources. style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century BC and the 7th century AD. style of Buddhist visual art that flourished in the trading and pilgrimage centre of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, from the 2nd century BC to the 12th century AD; its most distinctive contributions were made during the Kushan and Gupta periods (1st–6th century AD). www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9369519?tocId=9369519

Persia - Open Encyclopedia Incredible statues of the Buddha in classical Greek styles have been found in Persia and Afghanistan, illustrating the mix of cultures that occurred around this time (See Greco-Buddhism), although it is possible that Greco-Buddhist art dates from Achaemenid times when Greek artists worked for the Persians. The Ilkhans patronized the arts and learning in the fine tradition of Persian Islam; indeed, they helped to repair much of the damage of the Mongol conquests. Greek colonization continued until around 250 BC; Greek language, philosophy, and art came with the colonists. open-encyclopedia.com /Persia

Tokyo National Museum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Its collections focus on ancient Asian art along the Silk Road, including a nice collection of Greco-Buddhist art, and ancient Japanese art. The Tokyo National Museum (Jap:東京国立博物館), founded in 1817, is Tokyo's Museum of Ancient Art. The museum is located in the northernmost area of Ueno Park in Tokyo. www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Tokyo_National_Museum

Greco - GRECO Documents El Greco was the most outstanding painter of the Spanish school in the 16th century. GRECO Rules of procedure - doc GRECO (2005) 6E · Resolutions adopted by the Statutory Committee of the GRECO (documents GRECO-CS) El Greco was born in Candia, now Iráklion, Crete (then a possession of www.supershopcart.com /sst/greco.html

Feature Anthropomorphic symbolism appeared from around the 1st century CE with the arts of Mathura and the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara where the earliest image of Buddha in human form dates back to the Kushan Dynasty. The Footprints of the Buddha are venerated in all Buddhist countries. The first hint of a human representation in Buddhist symbolism appears with the Buddha Footprint. www.dailynews.lk /2005/05/23/fea57.htm

23 Nov History: This Date The work is also a philosophical meditation on art as a supreme expression of human creativity and as one that enables man to transcend the meaningless absurdity and insignificance of his own condition. Parisian novelist, art historian, and statesman, born on 03 November 1901. Les Voix du silence is a brilliant and well-documented synthesis of the history of art in all countries and through all ages. www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4nov/h4nov23.html

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