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Topic: Greek dialects

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	Modern Greek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Neo-Hellenic) is a dialect family that refers to the fifth stage of the evolution of the Greek language (the first four being Mycenean, Ancient Greek, Post-Classical or Hellenistic Greek and Medieval Greek), and it includes every dialect and idiom of Hellenic speech that exists in the world today.
		Koine Modern Greek (Κοινή Νεοελληνική) refers to the idiom of Demotic that was chosen as the official language of the Hellenic Republic and Cyprus.
		In short, Koine Modern Greek is the natural continuation of Koine Greek, an ancient Greek dialect (known also as the "Alexandrian language") which came into existence after the conquests of Alexander the Great and the Hellenization of the known world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_Greek (1148 words)

	Greek language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greek has been written in the Greek alphabet, the first true alphabet, since the 9th century B.C. and before that, in Linear B and the Cypriot syllabaries.
		Medieval Greek: The continuation of Hellenistic Greek during medieval Greek history as the official and vernacular (if not the literary nor the ecclesiastic) language of the Byzantine Empire, and continued to be used until, and after the fall of that Empire in the 15th century.
		Modern Greek is written in the late Ionic variant of the Greek alphabet, the oldest discovered inscriptions of which date to the 8th or 9th Century BC, assumed its final form in 403 BC, and displaced other regional variants due to its use for the Attic Koine dialect during the Hellenistic era.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greek_language (2328 words)

	GREEK LANGUAGE - LoveToKnow Article on GREEK LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Of the dialect of Messenia we know little, the long inscription about mysteries from Andania being only about 1o0 B.C. From Argolis, there are a considerable number of early inscriptions, and in a later form of the dialect the cures recorded at the temple of Asklepios at Epidaurus present many points of interest.
		Dorian dialects illustrate early the gassing of the old aspirate 0, the sound of which was like the final tin English bit, into a sound like the English th in thin, psth, which it still retains ~n modern Greek.
		As is obvious from the foregoing account of the Greek dialects, it is not possible to speak of the early history of Greek as handed down to us as that of a single uniform tongue.
	66.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GR/GREEK_LANGUAGE.htm (10376 words)

	The Major Greek Dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This defines the dialects spoken by Greeks occupying the north and central islands of the Aegean, such as Lesbos.
		This is a group of dialects spoken by some of the peoples of Elis and Achaia, as well as the people of Delphi and the surrounding territory of Phocis, and up the west coast of the Greek mainland.
		This is the largest category of West Greek dialects, including those spoken by all the Greeks of the Peloponnesus except the Arcadians, Eleans, and some Achaians.
	www.columbia.edu /~rcc20/greece3.html (675 words)

	The Greek Language
		Greek is spoken by the 10 million inhabitants of Greece and some 82% of the population of Cyprus, numbering a further half million.
		A further twist to dialect in ancient Greece is the practice of using a particular dialect for a particular literary form irrespective of the native speech of the author.
		Greek hostility to the Skopje government since the demise of the former Yugoslav Federation is based on a perceived fear of a nationalist movement for a "Greater Macedonia" posing a threat to Greek territory.
	www.translexis.demon.co.uk /new_page_2.htm (4450 words)

	(14) Greek civilization, language, and literature.
		There were many Greek dialects and there were certain differences in their style of writing.
		Although the dialects of Greek were mutually intelligible within a normal limit of understanding but the pronunciations of words and accents differed from period to period and from dialect to dialect.
		Thus, we find that Assyrians, Babylonians, Sumerians, Semites, Egyptians and Greeks, all of them believed and worshipped many gods and goddesses with somewhat similar characters like god of rain and storm (Zeus), god of love (Eros), god of underworld (Hades), goddess of fire (Hestia), and goddess of wisdom (Athena), etc. Zeus was their chief god.
	encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org /articles/14_greek_civilization.htm (1552 words)

	GREEK, Modern
		Dialects: The dialect complexity of Ancient Greek was to a large extent levelled out during the Hellenistic period with the emergence of the relatively unified variety of Greek known as the Koine (see chapter on Ancient Greek).
		The Ancient Greek positioning was valid throughout the Hellenistic period and on into Byzantine Greek, but in the Medieval period, the orientation of the weak pronouns toward the verb, as opposed to the clause, began to emerge, with the modern distribution developing after the 16th century.
		Increasingly in the Medieval period and on into Modern Greek relative clauses are marked with an invariant relative marker - in the modern language pu, homophonous with one of the indicative complementizers - with resumptive pronouns in the relative clause being fairly common.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~bjoseph/articles/gmodern.htm (4544 words)

	greek_grammar.htm
		Greek is related to the languages of the Indians (Sanskrit), Persians (Zend), Armenians, Albanians, Slavonians, Lithuanians, Romans, Celts, and Germans.
		Corresponding to the chief divisions of the Greeks into Aeolians, Dorians, and lonians (a division unknown to Homer), three groups of dialects are commonly distinguished: Aeolic, Doric, and Ionic, of which Attic is a sister dialect.
		The Attic dialect was distinguished by its refinement, precision, and beauty; it occupied an intermediate position between the soft Ionic and the rough Doric, and avoided the pronounced extremes of other dialects.
	www.ccel.org /s/smyth/grammar/greek_grammar.htm (2183 words)

	Ancient Greek Language
		One theory suggests that it originated with a migration of proto-Greek speakers into the Greek peninsula, which is dated to any period between 2500 BC and 1700 BC.
		Doric was standard for Greek lyric poetry, such as Pindar and the choral odes of the Greek tragedians.
		Attic Greek - a subdialect of Ionic, was for centuries the language of Athens.
	www.crystalinks.com /greeklanguage.html (302 words)

	Eponymous Archons, Greek Dialects, and Syracuse
		The Ionic dialect of Athens, Attic, is distinctive.
		Surrounded by Doric and Northwestern, Arcadian is nevertheless similar to the dialect of Greek spoken in Cyprus.
		In the Hellenistic Age, all the dialects of Greek began to be replaced by the koiné; or "common" dialect, which was principally Ionic with some Attic touches.
	www.friesian.com /archon.htm (1501 words)

	Sabellic dialects -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was used by the Samnites in Samnium and Campania; by the inhabitants of Lucania and Bruttium; and, with slight variations, by smaller tribes between Latium and the Adriatic coast: the Volsci, Marsi, Paeligni, Vestini, and Marrucini.
		Its closest relative was the Ionic dialect of Euboea.
		With the ascendance of the Athenian empire in the course of the 5th century BC, Attic became the most prestigious of the Greek dialects and as a result was adopted later as the standard language by the Macedonian kings.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9064616 (672 words)

	Ethnologue report for Greece
		The Greek of Italy and that of Corsica are probably separate languages (R. Zamponi 1992).
		In Cyprus, the dialect is reported to be closer to Classical Greek than that spoken in Greece in some vocabulary and grammar, and to have many Arabic and Turkish loanwords.
		The Sille dialect was in Sille town near Konya, Western Cappadocian was in villages south of Kayseri, Pharasa was in Pharasa (Faràs) and surrounding villages.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Greece (637 words)

	Greek dialects - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The earliest known dialect is the Mycenaean language, the language spoken by the first hellenic settlers of the Greek mainland in the 2nd millennium BC.
		The classical distribution of dialects was brought about by the migrations of the early Iron Age Greek Dark Ages after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization.
		Attic Greek, a sub- or sister-dialect of Ionic, was for centuries the language of Athens.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Greek_dialects (491 words)

	A Dumbell's Guide to Greek - Introduction
		The Greeks and their language have a three thousand year literary history from Homer to the present.
		The Greek alphabet as we have it was adopted at Athens in 403 B.C. Alpha through tau were derived from Phoenecia and have Hebrew names.
		He established the Attic dialect as the world language in the fourth century B.C. The presence of this common speech was the major influence in unifying the Mediterranean.
	dumbellgreek.gospelcom.net /intro.html (2011 words)

	GREEK, Ancient
		Spatially, Ancient Greek in its earliest attested forms was spoken in the southern Balkan peninsula, in territory that is now the modern nation of Greece, both on the Greek mainland and on some of the Aegean islands, most notably Crete.
		With the spread of Greek during the Hellenistic period, the number of speakers grew accordingly over Alexander's empire, and surely numbered over several million (though not all in the empire spoke Greek as their first language) at its peak.
		Negation: Greek negation is marked by one of two separate (adverbial) words, distributed mainly according to verbal mood: ou occurs with the indicative and the optative moods, whereas me occurs with the subjunctive and the imperative.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm (4337 words)

	Herbert Weir Smyth, Greek Grammar
		Greek is related to the languages of the Indians (Sanskrit), Persians (Zend), Armenians, Albanians, Slavonians, Lituanians, Romans, Celts, and Germans.
		Corresponding to the chief divisions of the Greeks into Aeolians, Dorians, and Ionians (a division unknown to Homer), three groups of dialects are commonly distinguished: Aeolic, Doric, and Ionic, of which Attic is a sister dialect.
		The natural language of the modern Greeks is the outcome of a continual development of the Koinè in its spoken form.
	www.ccel.org /s/smyth/grammar/html/smyth_front_matter_uni.htm (1757 words)

	IELan5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Greek, or Hellenic, subgroup comprises all of the various ancient and modern dialects of Greek.
		This analysis held that there were several ancient dialects of Greek, and that most of them were explainable as the dialect of successive waves of Greek speakers moving into the area from further north in the Balkan peninsula.
		Today, the standard view is that all the ancient Greek dialects developed in situ from either a Northern or Southern dialect, and that these two dialects were barely distinguished at the time of Mycenaean Greek.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/IndoEuropean/IEL5/IEL5.html (277 words)

	Macedonian Heritage - FAQ
		Riding on the wagon of terminological confusion, historians and linguists from Belgrade and Skopje codified the Slavic dialects in Macedonia as a new Slavic language: the “Macedonian language” (makedonski jazik).
		For the Greeks and their brethren in Macedonia first and foremost it was the classical past, the legacy of Philip and Alexander.
		In Greek Macedonia, local peti-cultures—to the extend they have resisted cosmopolitanism—were enriched by refugee traditions; they are not far from producing a genuine breed encompassing recycled (via Goran Bregovic) local tunes, Pontic lyre music, hard rock and reggae with Greek lyrics.
	www.macedonian-heritage.gr /FAQ.html (3688 words)

	Thesis Proposal
		Thus, the intermediate variants of Greek identified by Mirambel in the '30s, mikti ('mixed'--the language of the press) and kathomilumeni ('spoken'--the language of the bourgoisie), are merely points on the diglossic continuum.
		There has been a tendency in Greek linguistics to use folk song and literature almost exclusively as a source of information; this is based on a 'reverse purism' amongst demoticists, who considered the 'uncontaminated' language of folk song the normative ideal for demotic Greek.
		The variability amongst Greek dialects seems to indicate that this is a rather recent development--probably dating after the fifteenth century.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/Work/phdprop4.html (5013 words)

	New Testament Greek: A Brief Introduction, by J. Gresham Machen
		The Attic dialect was the language of Athens in her glory—the language of Thucydides, of Plato, of Demosthenes, and of most of the other great prose writers of Greece.
		But the influence of the Attic dialect survived the loss of political power; the language of Athens became also the language of her conquerors.
		Less important, no doubt, than the influence of the Greek dialects, and far less important than might have been expected, was the influence of foreign languages.
	homepage.mac.com /shanerosenthal/reformationink/jgmgreek.htm (1685 words)

	MSU Libraries Subject Series No. 42 - Greek and Latin Syntax
		This Bibliography is primarily intended to be of use to the student of Greek and Latin prose and verse composition.
		What makes this book invaluable for the student of Greek composition, is the fact that it provides authority to the listed forms and that it does not include simple forms of verbs used only in their compound form by the Greeks.
		This may not prove to be very useful for Greek Prose Composition, it is however an invaluable tool both for restoring words in inscriptions and papyri, and for the study of the development of Greek words.
	www.lib.msu.edu /pubs/subject/su42.htm (1510 words)

	TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LAN... - Online Information article about TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LAN...
		Greek -OS -On (-OW) -OW As examples of the forms found in the inscriptions may be given N.
		The Gothic and Scandinavian languages have one or two characteristics in common, the most important of which is the treatment of intervocalic j and w in a number of words.
		Yet it is not to be overlooked that all dialectical divergences within the Teutonic group seem to be of relatively recent origin, as compared, e.g., with the special characteristics of some of the Greek dialects.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /TAV_THE/TEUTONIC_GERMANIC_LANGUAGES.html (4557 words)

	Magistarski 13
		Traces from the previous state have not been preserved in all languages to same extent, and within the Greek dialects there are not such traces at all.
		The previous research has shown that the archaic features of the Mycenaean Greek from the second half of the second millenium BC are present on phonetic, morphological and syntactical level.
		The texts are in great measure damaged and because of the age often there are no parallels in the historical Greek dialects for the interpretation of particular words.
	www.public.asu.edu /~dsipka/MAG13.HTM (1937 words)

	Greek (Ancient) - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		This text serves as an introduction to Classical Greek, appropriate for a first year course.
		As you probably already know, Greek and English use different alphabets.
		If you see question marks or boxes (even if you see a few Greek letters interspersed), you need to install a font which supports Polytonic Unicode Greek, or upgrade your browser.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Classical_Greek (209 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.1516: Language and Dialect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Under Greek Macedonian dialects or Macedonian dialects in Greece we could only understand the 'variety' of the Macedonian diasystem spoken in Southern Macedonia, in Greece.
		To my knowledge in the classification of Greek dialects and dialect groups there has never been a distinct Macedonian group.In regard to this I will quote from Newton, B. (1972) The Generative Interpretation of Dialect, Cambridge:University Press, p.
		It may be added that where the various minority languages such as Arumanian, Macedonian and Turkish have yielded to Greek, it has in general been to the standard form.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-1516.html (201 words)

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