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	Hero Cults
		Ordinarily, the hero cult was based on the presence of the sôma 'body' (corpse) of the hero in the "mother earth" of the given locale.
		The sôma of the dead hero was considered to be a talisman of fertility and prosperity to the community that worshipped the hero.
		At the moment of worship, the sacred precinct of the cult hero could become notionally identical to the paradise-like abode of immortalization from which he or she returns to his worshippers.
	athome.harvard.edu /programs/nagy/threads/concept/hero_cults.html (1718 words)

	HERAKLES AND HEROES
		Greeks, he says, took the name Herakles from Egypt, that is, those Greeks who gave the name Herakles to the son of Amphitryon.
		Herakles and many other heroes at times seem to be quite plausible historical characters, leaders of migrations and general benefactors, yet at other times they rescue maidens in distress by killing monsters, fly through the sky, and defy what are thought to be the laws of nature and physics.
		The cult of heroes differs from the worship of gods, but in the case of Herakles there is some confusion.
	www.grazian-archive.com /quantavolution/QuantaHTML/vol_12/ka_16.htm (2166 words)

	AllRefer.com - hero, in Greek religion (Ancient Religion) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The heroes might be actual great men and women, real or imaginary ancestors, or "faded" gods and goddesses (i.e., ancient gods who for some reason were demoted to human status).
		Hero cults were distinctly different from the attendance to the dead, which was meant only to afford comfort in the afterlife.
		In hero worship, as in the worship of all infernal powers, rituals were performed at night, fl animals were sacrificed, and blood and other liquid offerings were poured beside the hero's tomb.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/hero.html (270 words)

	Thrice-Hero
		The cult of this hero was performed to honor some important deceased person, who was worshipped as a half-god (or demi-god).
		The power of a local hero was felt only indirectly, but the consensus connected to a hero influenced the life of the whole local community - their crops, the health of their families, of their children and of their animals too.
		For this reason the hero was worshipped as a half-god in every region and the first libation after the gods was donated to their heroes.
	www.pantheon.org /articles/t/thrice-hero.html (627 words)

	Greek Gods
		According to one Greek tradition Adonis was the result of an incestuous liaison in which Smyrna (Myrrha) deceived her father Theias as to her identity (perhaps at the instigation of Aphrodite).
		Greek goddess of force, daughter of the Titan Pallas and the underworld goddess Styx.
		The cult of Nemesis was particularly prominent at Rhamnus in Attica and at Smyrna.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/GREEKA.HTM (11663 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2000.12.17
		She argues that heroes' bones do not have any power in themselves, and rests her argument mostly on the fact that the ancient Greeks never indulged in the practice of dividing their heroes' bodies into bits and pieces in the same way Christians did with the remains of their saints.
		The Greeks do not distinguish between the power of a hero's bones and the power of the hero, because the hero is powerful insofar as he is physically present, in a way that has nothing to do with Christian practices and beliefs about the powers of their saints and their bones.
		Gebhard and Dickie convincingly argue that the cult is in fact a Greek cult and that it must have existed at least from the time of Pindar to the time of the Roman renovation of the sanctuary.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2000/2000-12-17.html (1667 words)

	Department of History::People::Faculty::Jonathan Hall
		Jonathan Hall's research and teaching are focused on the cultural and social history of ancient Greece, with a particular emphasis on the construction, meaning and functions of ethnic identity among Greek communities.
		His book Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity was the first to tackle the question of Greek ethnicity from an explicitly interdisciplinary point of view and received the 1999 Charles J. Goodwin Award for Merit from the American Philological Association.
		The Multilocality of Heroes," in R. Hagg (ed.), Ancient Greek Hero Cult.
	history.uchicago.edu /faculty/hall.html (493 words)

	Hero - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the Greek ἣρως, in mythology and folklore, a hero (male) or heroine (female).
		A somewhat controversial view is the belief in a story archetype of the standard "hero's quest" or monomyth pervasive across all cultures.
		Conversely, insomuch as the reader or viewer relates to and is therefore capable of becoming the hero, they can feel pangs of remorse at the hero's defeats, and relish in his or her triumphs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greek_hero_cult (1864 words)

	Greek Mythology people heroes villains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In one Greek pastoral poem, Daphnis is the lover of the shepherdess Chloë.
		She was slain by the hero Hercules when he took from her, as one of his labors, the girdle given to her by her father.
		The hero finally killed the animal, but gave the head and skin to the huntress Atalanta, who had been the first to wound the beast and with whom Meleager was in love.
	www.greek-mythology-online.com /heroes-of-greek-mythology.html (14518 words)

	American Journal of Archaeology / Article Abstract
		This paper considers two current hypotheses: one links the development of hero cult in the eighth century B.C. with the circulation of Homeric poetry; the other views hero cult as a transformation of ancestral veneration in the context of the emergent polis.
		The small number of early hero cults, and their location and distribution, do not lend support to the theory of Homeric influence.
		Veneration of ancestors, on the other hand, was practiced widely in the Greek world throughout the Iron Age; it did not disappear with the emergence of the polis and hero cult.
	www.ajaonline.org /archive/98.3/antonaccio_carla_m.html (201 words)

	L
		Lübeck, Maria Holmberg, Iphigeneia, Agamemnon's Daughter, A Study of Ancient Conceptions in Greek Myth and Literature Associated with the Atrides.
		According to Lyons, heroines differ from male heroes in several crucial ways, among which is the ability to cross the boundaries between mortal and immortal.
		The model of "ritual antagonism," in which two mythic figures represented as hostile share a cult, is ultimately modified through an exploration of the mythic correspondences between the god Dionysos and the heroines surrounding him, and through a rethinking of the relationship between Iphigeneia and Artemis.
	www.greek-myth.com /Book_Store/L/l.htm (1651 words)

	Church_article
		In hero cults, often worshippers would sleep on a hero's grave for a dream, and offerings were poured or burnt on the ground or into the grave, instead of onto an altar, and there was an emphasis on blood sacrifice.
		Because he is worshipped as a hero, a figure simultaneously human and divine, and is the son of a mortal and a god, Asclepius is a strikingly liminal figure.
		Thus, the incubation in the stoa was in fact an institutionalized form of the sleep on the hero's grave, the most ancient and original cult practice in the healing cult.
	www.sbc.edu /honors/HJSpecial_Iss04/MChurch.htm (5287 words)

	Hercules (Greek Heracles)
		Unless we know the marvelous stories of the deities and heroes of the ancients, their great literature and art as much later work down to the present day will remain unintelligible.
		The myths of six Greek heroes are told in a simple, straightforward style.
		Also included, of course, are the heroic mortals, figures such as Jason, Aeneas, Helen, Achilles, and Odysseus, all brought to life in a fascinating series of portraits drawn from a wide variety of ancient literary sources.
	www.occultopedia.com /h/hercules.htm (3279 words)

	Heroes-pt 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		placement emphasizes the hero's extra-mortal status b/c citizens were NEVER allowed to be buried within the walls of an ancient Greek city.
		Heroes and heroine cult often together with the cult site of a god with whom they were associated.
		Main activity at hero cult = feast of the living in honor of and in the company of the hero
	www.utexas.edu /courses/bigmyth303/Outline12-heroes1.html (645 words)

	University of Chicago Department of Classics
		Greek projections on the Italian ethnoscape?," in E. Gruen (ed.), Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriations in Antiquity, 259-284.
		• "Heroes, Hera and Herakleidai in the Argive Plain," in R. Hägg (ed.), Peloponnesian Sanctuaries and Cults, 93-98.
		The multilocality of Greek hero cults," in R. Hagg (ed.), Ancient Greek Hero Cult, 49-59.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /depts/classics/people/hallcv.htm (1383 words)

	Talk:Hero - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heroes are an incredibly important part of culture everywhere and have a wide variety of incarnations.
		From the victory, the hero gains a gift which might be an object of great worth, wisdom, a piece of knowledge, and with it returns to the community a more skilled leader who is aware, open and fulfilled person who shares what has been gained for the greater good of the community.
		While the hero lives a magnificently grand life filled with danger, menace, victory and return, the real beauty of the archetype that is instilled the collective unconscious of every human being is that the hero also applies to each individual.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Hero (4573 words)

	[No title]
		The bond of the hero is dissolved by distance.
		Hero cult as subsitute for family cult of the dead:
		importance of family ancestors diminishes in favor of a hero or heroes common to the interests of all the citizens: worship of the hero (unlike worship of Zeus) becomes then an expression of group solidarity, identification with the locality (city)
	classics.uc.edu /~johnson/myth/heroes.html (700 words)

	Amazon.com: The Greek Myths: Complete Edition: Books: Robert Graves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For myself, I use Graves' THE GREEK MYTHS as both reference and pleasure-reading, and I enjoy it a great deal; it is an indispensable purchase for any one with a serious interest in Greek mythology for any one who must frequently reference the same for scholarly purposes, and I strongly recommend it to them.
		What Graves attempts with this ridiculous tome, is to provide a syncretist misinterpretation of Greek myth to reconcile it with the irreconcilable Biblical beliefs and he imagines he achieves this when he weaves into this his "matrilineal v patrilineal" theory as some sort of corroboration.
		One sure sign of mythic quality is an intermixing of the human and the divine, as in the case of Achilles of the Iliad, who is a son of a mortal man and an immortal nymph, daughter of Zeus, Thetis.
	www.amazon.com /Greek-Myths-Complete-Robert-Graves/dp/0140171991 (4250 words)

	Hero Cults
		Here is an essential fact about ancient Greek religion (for a working definition of this general term, see item B): not only were the gods worshipped.
		A classic example of timê in the context of hero cult is Homeric Hymn to Demeter 261; see Nagy,
		A classic example is the location of the body of the hero Pyrrhos in the sacred precinct of Apollo at Delphi; see Nagy,
	www.uh.edu /~cldue/3307/herocults.html (1631 words)

	Myth Notes on Heroine
		the hero's that it is coextensive with the part of his career beginning with his birth
		Thus mortals and immortals need one another for self-definition, and heroines and heroes, as the intermediate category, are necessary to both because they allow a working out of the tensions and ambiguities inherent in a system of anthropomorphic divinities worshiped by a society that glorified the works of human beings.
		The Greeks knew how much their gods depended on them and told their myths to prove it.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/3hern.html (710 words)

	Antonaccio's Vita
		An Archaeology of Ancestors: Greek Tomb and Hero Cult (Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches), G. Nagy, ed.
		Tomb and Hero Cult in Early Greece: the Archaeology of Ancestors, in Cultural Poetics in Archaic Greece, C. Dougherty, L. Kurke, eds.
		Religion, basileis, and heroes, From Wanax to Basileus, I. Lemos, I.
	www.wesleyan.edu /classics/faculty/carlacv.html (1081 words)

	[No title]
		Ares (in Greek, Ἄρης), in Greek mythology, is the god of war and son of Zeus and Hera.
		This version is suspect because it implies that Artemis had sex with Ares and, by virtually all accounts, she remained chaste throughout time.
		Interestingly, the Mycenean Greek Linear B tablets list a god Enyalios, while ares seems to be a common noun meaning "war".
	www.greekshops.com /detail.aspx?ProdID=105_4 (357 words)

	Neptune, Greek Poseidon
		In Roman mythology, the name given to the Greek sea god Poseidon, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus (Roman Jupiter) and Hades (Roman Pluto).
		Poseidon helped the Greeks during the Trojan War.
		He is usually shown as a bearded man holding a trident and standing in a shell-chariot being drawn over the sea by dolphins.
	www.occultopedia.com /n/neptune.htm (3332 words)

	Heracles
		During his punishments he shows patience, fortitude and endurance that are as heroic as his strength.
		The Romans valued him highly as he best fit their idea of a hero.
		He eventually had a fair sized cult that worshiped him as a god.
	www.greekmythology.com /Myths/Heroes/Heracles/heracles.html (439 words)

	Greek art: The Late Classical Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From the vase paintings some reconstruction of the Greek school of mural painting is possible.
		Ancient Greek hero cult: proceedings of the Fifth International Seminar on Ancient Greek Cult, organized by the Department of Classical......
		Lizards, lions, and the uncanny in early Greek art.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0920776.html (288 words)

	Lyons, D.: Gender and Immortality: Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lyons, D.: Gender and Immortality: Heroines in Ancient Greek Myth and Cult.
		She further shows that attention to heroines clarifies fundamental Greek ideas of mortal/immortal relationships.
		The book first discusses heroines both in relation to heroes and as a separate religious and mythic phenomenon.
	www.pup.princeton.edu /titles/5929.html (223 words)

	Concordia College
		• “Heroes and Power: The Politics of Bone Transferal,” in Ancient Greek Hero Cult.
		Proceedings of the Fifth International Seminar on Ancient Greek Cult Robin Hägg, ed.
		• “Solon, Salamis and the Salaminioi: Hero Cults and Politics in Athens,”; Concordia College Faculty Colloquium Series, April 2002.
	www.cord.edu /dept/news/media/guide/classicalstudies.html (267 words)

	Schedule
		We suggest that you spend 10-13 days to allow you time to complete the reading, view the video lectures and consider the discussion questions that we have included for each unit.
		Lecture: Lecture on ancient Greek Hero cult and additional lecture on oral poetry.
		Ainoi in Greek song culture and Penelope's dream.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~chs/HCJ/schedule.html (112 words)

	ANCIENT HISTORY books from Coronet
		Ancient Greek Cult Practice From the Epigraphical Evidence
		Cults, Myths, Oracles, and Politics in Ancient Greece
		Role of Religion in the Early Greek Polis
	www.coronetbooks.com /anchis.html (263 words)

	Ancient Greek Hero Cult (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		on Ancient Greek Cult, Organized by the Department
		This is a collection of 12 papers read at an international seminar in Göteborg, Sweden, that deal with various phenomena of the ancient Greek hero cult based on literary, iconographical and archaeological evidence.
		Among the special topics discussed are the hero cults in Early Iron Age Greece, the relationship between funerary ritual, the veneration of ancestors and the cult of heroes, the Danaides of Argos as "ancestors," and other topics.
	www.coronetbooks.com /books/anci0379.html (87 words)

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