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Topic: Greeks in Turkey

	Greeks in Turkey Today
		The Greek community in Turkey is dwindling, elderly and frightened.
		Simonopetritis, born in Wimbledon, England, was assigned to the seminary by the Patriarchate.
		Greeks ("Ynanli" in Turkish) and claim they are an ethno-national rather than a religious minority.
	home.att.net /~dimostenis/greektr.html (3428 words)

	Greeks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greek nationalism was reborn after the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in 1204, and the establishment of a number of Greek kingdoms (such as the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus).
		This strong relation between Greek national identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the modern Greek state in 1830, and when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity.
		Greeks (Γραικοί) - In mythology, Graecus was the brother of Latinus and niece to Hellen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greeks (2095 words)

	Turkey - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Turkey is bordered to the east by Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran; to the south by Iraq and Syria; and to the west by the Aegean Sea and its islands, Greece and Bulgaria.
		Turkey forms a bridge between Europe and Asia, with the division between the two running from the Black Sea to the north down along the Bosporus strait through the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea and the larger Mediterranean Sea to the south.
		Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Turkey (1090 words)

	Migration Information Source - Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration
		Turkey is also a country of asylum, and is among the original signatories of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.
		Turkey's current ambition to become an EU member and the accompanying political liberalization is straining the state's traditional concept of national identity.
		Turkey is also in the process of adopting the EU Schengen visa system, which requires member countries to apply a common visa policy to third-country nationals.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Feature/display.cfm?ID=176 (4165 words)

	Turkey - Historical Background
		The narrow Straits of the Dardanelles (the gateway to Turkey and Russia from the Mediterranean) were always of huge strategic importance.
		The Greek army was defeated by Kemal Ataturk, Turkish nationalist leader and founder of modern Turkey, who captured the Greek hold-out Smyrna in Sept 1922.
		His troops slaughtered the Greek and Armenian population, and burnt the Greek and Armenian part of the city.
	humphrysfamilytree.com /Maltass/turkey.history.html (1084 words)

	Turkish Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Turkey tied down some 30 Soviet divisions, deterred Soviet possible attacks against Western Europe and the Persian Gulf, and served as an important platform for monitoring Soviet compliance with arms control agreements.
		For Turkey, too, the end of the Cold War had at least two kinds of effects on the way it conducts its relationship with the U.S. First, Turkey does not face the same kind of threat that the Soviets posed.
		Turkey was not seen as asset in terms of this new agenda.
	turkishstudies.org /reportsa.html (5701 words)

	Status of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
		of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Greeks in Turkey
		The reason why Turkey is politically retarded and why it is an enormous cesspool of human rights violations is because the leadership of the Young Turks and Mustafa Kemal were allowed to slaughter millions of Christian Greeks, Armenians, and Assyrians and were never punished nor forced to confront the truth.
		The Greeks of Turkey and the Ecumenical Patriarchate, who are the heirs of the survivors of Turkey's campaigns of mass murder and genocide link the past and present of Turkey.
	www.greece.org /themis/action_press/status.htm (1138 words)

	Seas of Turkey - All About Turkey
		There is Mediterranean Sea to the south, Greek Peninsula to the west, Anatolia and part of Thrace to the east.
		Turkey has very few small islands and only two mid-size islands in front of the Dardanelles; Bozcaada and Gokceada.
		Relations between Turkey and Greece were very sour between 1970's and mid 1990's because of these disputes on territorial waters, national airspace and FIR lines, military flights, demilitarization of some of the islands, and islets that had an unknown status of sovereignty.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /sea.htm (1129 words)

	Macedonia for the Macedonians
		The Greek government claims that 98.5% of its country is ethnically Greek while the remainder belongs to the "Muslim minority of Thrace".
		It is predominantly a Slav region not a Greek one.
		The Greek government also notified the League of Nations that "measures were being taken towards the opening of schools with instruction in the Slav language in the following school year of 1925/26" and towards granting freedom to practice religion in the Slav language.
	www.makedonija.info /aegean.html (4841 words)

	TURKISH POGROM AGAINST THE GREEKS OF CONSTANTINOPLE 6-7 SEPTEMBER 1955 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Greeks of Constantinople, Imbros and Tenedos (two islands near the Dardanelles) and the Moslems on the Greek side of the border with Turkey in Thrace were excepted from this exchange.
		a Greek population of 8,200 on the islands of Imbros and Tenedos.
		The Greek Cypriots campaign against Britain in 1955 was used to turn the Turkish public against the Greeks of Constantinople and thus to eliminate them forever.
	chicago.agrino.org /turkish_pogrom_against_the_greeks.htm (1796 words)

	Ukrainian Soccer News ::: Greece make their point in Istanbul stalemate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even with a lone striker, Turkey spelt their intent to attack in a hectic opening spell, in which Emre Belozoglu had the best chance for the home side, but Antonios Nikopolidis was able to parry his shot from eight metres.
		In a hectic finale, Turkey threw everything into a desperate search for a goal, but that left Greece free for counterattacks that could equally have settled the game in their favour.
		A further setback for Turkey is that they will now miss midfielder Yildiray Basturk in next week's match in Kazakhstan after he was sent off in the last minute after receiving a second yellow card for dissent.
	www.ukrainiansoccer.net /news/news_article.asp?offset=40&ID=20492 (810 words)

	The Turkish Crime of our Century - The Greek Holocaust of Thrace, Asia Minor and Pontos
		In two previous occassions the Greek people contributed in civilising their conquerors as was the case with the Romans and the Franks.
		Western Asia Minor and Pontos, where the Greeks were in the majority, Eastern Asia Minor where the Armenians were in the majority and, Southeastern Asia Minor where the Kurds were in the majority.
		This was stated in the L o n d o n T i m e s on the 3rd of October 1911 summarizing the proceedings of the Council of Union and Progress (The Young Turks).
	imia.cc.duth.gr /turkey/gree.e.html (2253 words)

	PicturesfromTurkey - Turkey Facts and Photos
		Asian Turkey and European Turkey are separated by three connected waterways of great strategic importance: the Sea of Marmara and the straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles (also called the Turkish Straits).
		Turkey borders the Aegean Sea and Greece on the west; Bulgaria on the northwest; the Black Sea on the north; Georgia, Armenia, and the autonomous Azerbaijani republic of Naxçivan on the northeast; Iran on the east; and Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea on the south.
		The landscapes of Turkey are varied, from fertile plains in the northwest and southeast to broad river valleys in the west to high barren plateaus and towering mountains in the east.
	picturesfromturkey.com (902 words)

	Turkey - Greeks
		Most of them are Eastern or Greek Orthodox Christians and live in Istanbul or on the two islands of Gökçeada (Imroz) and Bozca Ada (Tenedos), off the western entrance to the Dardanelles.
		They are the remnants of the estimated 200,000 Greeks who were permitted under the provisions of the Treaty of Lausanne to remain in Turkey following the 1924 population exchange, which involved the forcible resettlement of approximately 2 million Greeks from Anatolia.
		Although the size of the Greek minority has continued to decline, the Greek citizens of Turkey generally constitute one of the country's wealthiest communities.
	countrystudies.us /turkey/32.htm (161 words)

	Turkey, country, Asia and Europe: History
		Although Anatolia (the western portion of Asian Turkey) is one of the oldest inhabited regions of the world, the history of Turkey as a national state began only with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
		Turkey was formally proclaimed a republic in Oct., 1923, with Kemal as its first president; he was reelected in 1927, 1931, and 1935.
		Late in 1999, Turkey was invited to apply for membership in the European Union (EU); the action reversed a 1997 rejection of Turkey's candidacy that was prompted by Turkey's human-rights record.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861658.html (3096 words)

	THUS - Greeks in Turkey; Turkish Hellenic Union Solutions
		On the one hand, it helped to keep the Greek language alive and used its traditional educational role to pass on the Greek cultural heritage and foster a sense of cultural identity.
		The Treaty of Sèvres, signed with Turkey on August 10, 1920, gave Greece the Aegean Islands, hence command of the Dardanelles, and the eastern half of Thrace except for Constantinople.
		In the winter of 1921, the Greek government decided on a military confrontation with the Turkish nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal (later known as Atatürk) which was growing in strength and threatening the Smyrna Protectorate.
	www.photius.com /thus/greeks_in_turkey.html (2243 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Greek Church
		Greeks in Turkey or in the Hellenic Kingdom -- all of them Catholic -- are often called the United Greek Churches.
		These Jewish settlements were mainly in the towns, and as a rule spoke the Greek tongue; and thus it came to pass that the earliest Christian communities were in the towns and used the Greek tongue in their liturgical services.
		Greek Church at the period we are treating of, viz., from the fourth to the tenth century, was composed of a
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06752a.htm (10748 words)

	Turks: The Greeks of Turkey Fact Sheet
		It was because of the Turkish authorities, however, that this course was not taught: Turkey violated the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 by not allowing the entrance of teachers from Greece to teach in Greek minority schools.
		Greeks who are trying to retain their properties have to sustain years of judicial struggle; most of them are obliged to sell out their property to Turks for nominal prices.
		Elpida Frangopoulou, an ethnic Greek lawyer in Istanbul was charged with "insulting the Turkish nation" when she protested after being discriminated against when trying to get a copy of her high-school diploma.
	www.hellas.org /mongols/mongols/gr-in-tr.htm (586 words)

	History of Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As early as the 7th century BC the Greeks were colonising parts of what are now Turkey, Cyprus, Italy and Libya.
		By the 15th century, however, nearly all the Greeks were living under the rule of the Ottoman Empire.
		It was only in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the establishment of a Greek state and the expulsion of the Greeks from Turkey in the 1920s, that these two histories have been reunited within one territory.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/history_of_greece (255 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Greeks [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the independence of the modern Greek state from the Ottoman Empire the term Græco or Greek was abandoned totally by the Greeks themselves.
		In many countries the modern Hellenes are called Greeks and their country Greece, while in other countries, especially in Asia, they are called Yunan and their country Yunanistan, from the Turkish word Yunan, derived from the Greek geographical term Ionia.
		There are around 10.8 million ethnic Greeks in the Balkans, as they also form an important minority group in several Balkan countries, as well as in modern-day Turkey.
	encyclozine.com /Greeks (440 words)

	Greeks of Turkey [The Balkan Human Rights Web Pages]
		Despite the appeals of Orthodox leaders and Turkey's allies, most recently President Clinton, the Turkish authorities insist that the school remain closed under a law that gave the government control over higher education in religious and military affairs.
		Fewer than half of Turkey's 75 Greek Orthodox churches are open, in part because of a shortage of priests.
		And the population of ethnic Greeks, with an average age of 60, has been whittled from 150,000 to about 2,500 over a century of expulsions, attrition and migration, church officials said.
	www.greekhelsinki.gr /english/articles/nyt-greekofturkey-07-08-200.html (889 words)

	The Ottoman Sultans of Turkey & Successors in Romania
		Turkey now has an especially tough time with its own identity as it is torn between the Islamic fundamentalist revival seen elsewhere and the secularism that Kemal Atatürk made the foundation of the modern state in the 1920's.
		To a considerable extent he succeeded, though Turkey is still haunted by the shadow of the military dictatorship that he himself represented, by the threat of militant Islâm, whose mediaevalism is fully triumphant in neighboring Irân, and by the disaffection of the Kurds, whose very existence was legally denied for many years.
		In mediaeval Greek, basileus was used by the Emperors of Romania to translate Latin imperator, i.e.
	www.friesian.com /turkia.htm (12517 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| In the land of the Greeks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to Ashmawi, many Greeks invested the savings they accumulated through commerce in the reclamation of lands they were able to obtain under a system, introduced under Mohamed Ali, of grants of uncultivated land.
		Among these magnanimous benefactors was the financier Singros who "several years ago dedicated 60 million gold drachmas, or approximately 2.5 million pounds, to bring fresh water to Athens" and who "gave to the state a garden of riches and a vast farm near the capital for the purposes of agricultural experiments and practical training".
		The reason the Greek industry was so late in developing, according to Abul-Fath, was the lack of primary materials and investment capital combined with poor transport facilities, the high costs of freight and the insufficient numbers of trained workers and technicians.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/631/chrncls.htm (3187 words)

	Why not Turkey?
		Yes, Turkey is Muslim dominated, yes, the country is within short range missile proximity of several Middle Eastern countries and yes, Turkey is … well, Turkey.
		The total differnces that Turkey has, also with their democratic difficulties, are awy too different to be implemented in Europe.
		I’d oppose Isreal and Turkey on the same grounds: neither are part of Europe, historically or politically or geographically.
	thedutch.gnn.tv /blogs/6945/Why_not_Turkey (1667 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Europe and Central Asia : Turkey
		An extraordinarily high percentage of these suspects were said by police to have committed suicide and three of the alleged suicides were children between the ages of 13 and 16.
		A Helsinki Watch mission visited Turkey in October 1991 and found that the government there continues to violate the human rights of the Greek minority.
		Helsinki Watch has documented scores of cases of torture in Turkey since 1982, and Turkish lawyers who represent detainees claim that police routinely torture between 80 and 90 percent of political suspects and about 50 percent of ordinary criminal suspects, including children.
	www.hrw.org /doc?t=europe_pub&c=turkey&document_limit=20,20 (491 words)

	EU Conference Calls on Turkey to Recognize Assyrian Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Svensson, called for Turkey's membership in the EU but not without first complying with the Copenhagen criteria regarding the 1915 genocide as well as the "unrestricted opening of Ottoman archives for the world to see".
		Nowadays, Turkey is a country pursuing to access the European Union, which is a political construction as such based on democratic principles and cultural diversity.
		The discussion on the genocide should not be a stumbling block for Turkey, but a constructive symbol for a legitimate equality for those minorities still remaining in the country and their statutory acceptance.
	www.aina.org /releases/20070403104508.htm (1073 words)

	Religious - Christian - The Balkan Peninsula and Adjacent Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Representing The Greek Catholic Church or the Church of the Eastern Slavic rite.
		A Ceremony at the Church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator - Kayseri, Turkey.
		Greek Othodox churches that are open for prayer in Istanbul.
	learning.lib.vt.edu /slav/relig_chr_balkan.html (3347 words)

	Most Greeks oppose Turkey's EU accession
		58 percent of Greeks oppose Turkey's entry into the European Union though 46 percent believe that Turkey's European accession would be in the interest of Greece, according to the results of a survey published in the Kathimerini newspaper on Saturday.
		The survey also found that 46 percent of respondents believe that Turkey's accession to the EU is in the interest of Greece, while only 38 percent deem it as harmful.
		Meanwhile, 60 percent Greeks believe that Turkey's negotiations will be successful while 29 percent think the opposite, according to the survey.
	www.maxiturkey.com /showthread.php?t=429 (160 words)

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