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Topic: Green alga

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Algae

Charophyta

Chlorophyta

Red alga

Glaucophyte

Brown alga

Charales

Ulvophyceae

Zygnematales

Chlorophyceae

Plant

Volvocales

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Chlamydomonas

Heterokont

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	Learn more about Alga in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The chloroplasts of red algae have a more or less typical cyanobacterial pigmentation, while the green algae and higher plants have chloroplasts with chlorophyll a and b, the latter found in some cyanobacteria but not most.
		Most of the simpler algae are unicellular flagellates or amoeboids, but colonial and non-motile forms have developed independently among several of the groups.
		These are the brown algae, some of which may reached 70 m in length, the red algae, and the green algae.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/al/alga.html (834 words)

	Algae (planktonic, filamentous and colonial, and plant like)
		The algae have a worldwide distribution and are common in moist habitats throughout the United States.
		This group of organims includes both green and blue-green algae and as the name implies the organisms grow as long multicellular threadlike filaments or masses.
		Algae can be found growing in a wide variety of habitats including wet soil; fresh, brackish, or salt water; extremely inhospitable environments, from boiling water in hot springs to frigid lakes in the arctic; as well as swimming pools and domestic water supplies such as wells and reservoirs.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /pmis/plants/html/algae_pl.html (780 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Mixed Green Algae
		Algae produce a significant percentage of the Earth's oxygen, are the base of the food chain for nearly all aquatic life, and provide food and industrial products for humans.
		Of the algal species, green algae, members of the division Chlorophyta, are identified by their perceived green color that results from light selectively reflecting from the chlorophyll photopigments in their characteristic chloroplasts.
		Some species of green algae live on the surface of snow, on tree trunks, in soils, or symbiotically with protozoans, hydras, or lichen-forming fungi.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/brightfield/mixedgreenalgae.html (409 words)

	caloplaca coralloides lichen symbiosis
		The symbiosis in lichens is between a fungus and a green alga or cyanobacterium (blue-green alga).
		The type of alga contributes to the color, overall shape and gelatinous consistency of the thallus of a lichen.
		There are 25 genera of green algae, a few golden algae, one brown alga and 12 genera of cyanobacteria that are known to become lichenized.
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/lichens/symbiosis.htm (758 words)

	BioSuperfood (BSF) 100% natural anti-aging formulas for longer, healthier vibrant life. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)*
		Blue green algae has a complete nutritional profile, available in forms that are directly accessible and easily converted into energy, that even small amounts provide the body with some of almost every nutrient it requires.
		Algae utilize light energy from the sun (greater than 10% conversion efficiency), carbon dioxide from the air, and hydrogen from the water to synthesis its bio-chemicals.
		Algae are a class by themselves, exhibiting the characteristics of both plant and animal.
	www.biosuperfood.com /algae.html (9843 words)

	Algae Photos
		This unique alga is able to reproduce very rapidly because each cell of the net in turn produces a new cylindrical net of small cells within it.
		Trentepohlia aurea, a striking green alga that grows on the trunks of Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) in coastal central California.
		The sperm-bearing antheridia are bright orange, while the egg-bearing oogonium is green with a distinctive crown of cells.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /algae1.htm (1693 words)

	Long term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students
		Most green algae have two phases in their life history: the diploid sporophytes, in which meiosis produces haploid spores, and the haploid gametophytes that develop from these spores and produce eggs and sperms (gametes).
		Most have life cycles like green algae, with a large, conspicuous sporophyte and a microscopic gametophyte; that is the life cycle of kelps, which are large brown algae in the order Laminales.
		Most red algae have complicated life cycles that include three different phases: the diploid sporophyte, the haploid male and the female gametophytes, and a diploid carposporophyte, which develops from the fusion of an egg and a sperm and then grows attached to the female gametophyte.
	limpets.noaa.gov /naturalHistory/species/algaephyla.html (651 words)

	Exhibition of Movies on Protists
		Green Algae or Chlorophyta can have many shapes: flagellate, coccoid, filamentous, thallus, etc. They are thought to be the starting point of the "higher" plants, with whom they share many forms of cellular organisation and substances.
		When this alga is unhappy, it fixes itself to the bottom of its environment and takes the red color due to the abundance of carotenoids.
		Diatoms are unicellular algae in a siliceous box formed by two hulls or thecae, the upper of which is bigger and covers the lower one like the cover of a box.
	www.funsci.com /fun3_en/protists/exhibition.htm (1807 words)

	Green alga closes wounds by means of enzymatic activation of a cross-linking protein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Green alga closes wounds by means of enzymatic activation of a cross-linking protein
		This alga is a master of wound repair; ever since this invasive alga was brought from tropical waters to the Mediterranean and to the Pacific off the coast of North America, it has crowded out native species and caused great ecological damage.
		When the alga is wounded, the esterase immediately springs into action, splitting off three molecular fragments and converting caulerpenin into a reactive 1,4-dialdehyde called oxytoxin 2 (An aldehyde group consists of a carbon atom bound to an oxygen atom by a double bond, and a hydrogen atom.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=8631 (537 words)

	Green algae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instead, the green algae probably share a common origin with the red algae; the two are grouped as the Archaeplastida or Plantae sensu lato.
		All green algae have mitochondria with flat cristae.
		The chloroplasts in euglenids and chlorarachniophytes were presumably acquired from ingested green algae, and in the latter retain a vestigial nucleus (nucleomorph).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Green_alga (503 words)

	Hydrogen
		The key discovery was that depriving the algae of inorganic sulfur reversibly inactivated the functioning of what's known as photosystem II, which includes the generation of oxygen.
		ATP in turn is a key ingredient in the plant's ability to carry out vital functions, including cellular maintenance, repairs and essential biosynthetic processes in the absence of normal photosynthesis due to the lack of sulfur and absence of respiration due to the lack of oxygen.
		His breakthrough came in 1998 when, as a UC Berkeley biochemist, he was tinkering with green algae, trying to coax the plants to convert water into hydrogen.
	www.green-trust.org /2000/algaehydrogen.htm (1521 words)

	Green Algae - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Green Algae, members of the largest phylum of the algae, numbering some 6000 to 7000 species.
		They are commonly known as green or grass-green algae...
		Green algae form the phylum Chlorophyta and are named for their green chloroplasts, which are similar in composition to the chloroplasts found in...
	encarta.msn.com /Green_Algae.html (166 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The complete plastid genome sequence of the parasitic green alga Helicosporidiumsp. is ...
		Plastids of red algae and their derivatives tend to have more genes than those of green plastid lineages [1,2], so it is interesting that the smallest and most compact genomes are found among the red plastids of apicomplexa.
		In non-photosynthetic plants, algae and apicomplexans [4,5,9], some or all of the rpo subunits have been lost from the plastid genome, and it is thought that a separate nuclear-encoded polymerase is responsible for plastid transcription.
		Tartar A, Boucias DG: The non-photosynthetic, pathogenic green alga Helicosporidium sp.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/4/12 (5398 words)

	Tree of Life
		Green algae are the eukaryotic base of green plant evolution.
		Volvox carteri, a multicellular freshwater green alga with fully differentiated germ and somatic cells, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the well-known unicellular green flagellate, shared a common ancestor as recently as 35 MYA.
		Like green land plants, this giant, marine unicell grows by both tip and diffuse growth even though it lacks meristems and undergoes juvenile and adult development.
	www.greenbac.org /tree.html (3445 words)

	Systematics of the "Green Algae", Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spirogyra, stoneworts, and desmids are all members of this fresh-water group of "green algae".
		Unlike the other green algae, the charophytes share with plants the phragmoplast method of cell division, and the asymmetric arrangement of their sperm flagella.
		This latter character is only observable in the Charales and Coleochaetales, since members of the remaining orders do not produce flagellated gametes as part of their life cycle.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /greenalgae/charophyta/charophyta.html (164 words)

	Blue-green Algae- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Blue-green algae supplements were introduced into the U.S. in 1979, with claims that they could aid weight loss and increase energy.
		Spirulina is a unicellular blue-green alga that has been consumed by man since ancient times in Mexico and Africa.
		Experimental studies in animal models have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of Spirulina algae on oral cancer, and this was also shown in a preliminary human study in India.
	www.healthcentral.com /encyclopedia/408/663/Bluegreen_Algae.html (434 words)

	Algae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Algae (singular alga) encompass several groups of relatively simple living aquatic organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, using it to convert inorganic substances into organic matter.
		Algae bioreactors are used by some powerplants to reduce CO emissions.
		Other algal species cultivated for their nutritional value include; Chlorella (a green algae), and Dunaliella (Dunaliella salina), which is high in beta-carotene and is used in vitamin C supplements.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alga (3252 words)

	Botany online: Evolution - Energy-Conversion - Procaryotes - Blue-Green Algae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Blue-green algae or Cyanophyceae are able to perform a photosynthesis that resembles that of green plants very much.
		The typical movement of blue-green algae is a gliding that may set the trichomes into oscillation, the reason why a common genus is called Oscillatoria.
		Nostoc —species are known to live in the thalli of different liverworts, in the root cells of some Cycadean species, and in the rhizomes of Gunnera.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e42/42b.htm (521 words)

	Blue-Green Algae \| AHealthyMe.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Web sites and health food stores tout blue-green algae (also called spirulina) as a most potent superfood and claim that it can boost energy, aid weight loss, help cleanse the body's tissues, and even alleviate diseases ranging from diabetes and Alzheimer's to attention deficit disorder, gynecological disorders, and precancerous lesions of the mucus membranes.
		Indeed, the algae is still a major source of nourishment in some areas of the world.
		It's possible that blue-green algae can be contaminated with mercury, arsenic, or microbes from animal waste such as sea gull guano.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/algae (797 words)

	Blue-Green Algae for Weight Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Blue-green algae (spirulina) is a concentrated source of nutrients compared to most foods, but it is expensive compared to other supplemental sources of protein, vitamins, and minerals.
		Blue-green algae is a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids.
		Clinical and biochemical evaluations of the alga spirulina with regard to its application in the treatment of obesity.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Benefits_Weight/Blue_Green_Algae.htm (599 words)

	structure of Codium setchellii
		This green crust comes in a variety of shades; most often the crust is brilliant green, but in some areas of Monterey Bay the crust is dark green, almost fl in color.
		These amorphous "blobs" in the intertidal are often velvety in texture, varying from deep, dark green to lighter shades of green in some individuals.
		The "cushion" of the alga can reach a diameter of 25 centimeters, though individual algae may coalesce into larger crusts over the substrate (Abbott and Hollenberg 1976).
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/greens/Codium_setchellii/structure.htm (424 words)

	SHS Animal Tracks - The Problem with Blue Green Alga
		The problem is that Blue Green Algae (BGA) in local rivers and lagoons can produce toxins powerful enough to kill a dog in hours, if not minutes.
		Sometimes currents and winds push the algae to the shoreline where it can be difficult to identify.
		Unless you visit an area frequently to monitor algae activity, you can't be sure the water is safe.
	www.sequoiahumane.org /articles/blue_green_alga.htm (491 words)

	UF BIOTECH BREAKTHROUGH: ALGA GENE BOOSTS CROP YIELDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		GAINESVILLE---Tiny alga plants -- which form green scum on ponds -- are the source of a unique gene that can be transferred to crop plants, boosting yields by as much as 30 percent, according to University of Florida researchers.
		One of Schmidt's alga genes is already patented by UF, and a patent is pending on another.
		"When we began studying tiny alga plants commonly found on the surface of pond water, many people in the scientific community thought we were barking up the wrong tree, but we knew that micro algae must grow very rapidly to compete with bacteria living in the pond," Schmidt said.
	www.napa.ufl.edu /99news/alga.htm (718 words)

	GM Pharmaceuticals from Common Green Alga
		Single cell green algae are serving as green cell factories for producing pharmaceuticals, and have been touted as a safe alternative to producing them in crop plants, because they can be contained in the laboratory [3, 4].
		The GM algae will be imported into Kona on the island of Hawaii to be grown in the outdoor bioreactor system at Keahole Point at the state’s aquaculture park Nelha.
		The synthetic human DNA in the alga, and all the more so, the expressed transgene, should not be deemed equivalent to the human gene and gene product until they have been tested for untoward effects on humans and other organisms in the environment.
	www.i-sis.org.uk /PICGA.php (1472 words)

	The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Green Alga Pseudendoclonium akinetum (Ulvophyceae) Highlights ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Green Alga Pseudendoclonium akinetum (Ulvophyceae) Highlights Distinctive Evolutionary Trends in the Chlorophyta and Suggests a Sister-Group Relationship Between the Ulvophyceae and Chlorophyceae -- Pombert et al.
		The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Green Alga Pseudendoclonium akinetum (Ulvophyceae) Highlights Distinctive Evolutionary Trends in the Chlorophyta and Suggests a Sister-Group Relationship Between the Ulvophyceae and Chlorophyceae
		Green algae and the origin of land plants
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/21/5/922 (534 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The complete chloroplast DNA sequence of the green alga Oltmannsiellopsis viridisreveals a ...
		This green plant lineage, however, is debated, as some studies suggest that Mesostigma is an early offshoot of the phylum Streptophyta [10-12].
		Investigations of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) from green algae representing each of the five recognized classes have revealed that the genomes of the charophyte Chaetosphaeridium globosum [13] and the prasinophytes Mesostigma [7] and Nephroselmis olivacea [14] are highly similar to those of land plants.
		This marine unicellular green alga exhibits a counterclockwise arrangement of basal bodies [19,20] and a single cup-shaped chloroplast [20].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/4/3 (5434 words)

	Blue-Green Algae - Vitacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As it is not an essential nutrient, blue-green algae is not associated with a deficiency state.
		Blue-green algae can be taken as a powder or as flakes, capsules, or tablets.
		Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a novel sulfated polysaccharide derived from a blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis.
	www.vitacost.com /science/hn/Supp/Blue_Green_Algae.htm (1394 words)

	Blue-Green Algae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Blue-green algae, of which spirulina is a well-known example, is a group of 1,500 species of microscopic aquatic plants.
		Most health benefits to humans claimed for spirulina and other blue-green algae supplementation are supported by anecdotes rather than scientific research.
		A later, controlled trial found a small cholesterol-lowering effect when 4.2 grams of spirulina per day were taken for eight weeks, but serum triglycerides, blood pressure, and body weight were unchanged.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/Blue_Green_Algae.htm (1120 words)

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