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Topic: Green manure

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	Green Manure Seeds
		Green manures are a cornerstone of ecologically sensible agriculture.
		Green manures can be used to smother persistent weeds; they may also make conditions unsuitable for certain weeds by improving the structure and nutrient status of the soil.
		Green manures can also be used to under-sow crops such as corn, reducing weed growth and protecting the soil from erosion.
	www.greenharvest.com.au /seeds/green_manure.html (798 words)

	Green manure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In agriculture, a green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
		Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period, and then plowed under and incorporated into the soil.
		Green manures increase the percentage of organic matter (biomass) in the soil, thereby improving water retention, aeration, and other soil characteristics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Green_manure (334 words)

	Green Manure Crops
		Green manure crops are old methods that have been forgotten as technology develops alternatives, or haven't been passed down from one generation to the next.
		Green manures and cover crops are relatively inexpensive to grow and are a good practice for protecting the environment.
		The contribution of organic matter to the soil from a green manure crop is comparable to the addition of 9 to 13 tons per acre of farmyard manure or 1.8 to 2.2 tons dry matter per acre.
	www.garlic-acres.com /green-manure.html (2921 words)

	Allotment and Kitchen Gardens: Green Manure Page
		Green manure is a term given to plants that are grown to benefit the soil.
		Green manures are listed here with cultural information to help you choose.
		Green manure that will survive the winter can be sown in the autumn while the soil still has some warmth left in it.
	www.kitchengardens.dial.pipex.com /greenmanure.htm (445 words)

	Taking a New Look at Green Manure Crops (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Green manure crops are grown for their green matter, which is incorporated into the soil.
		Many crops can be used as green manures: annual species such as pea, lentil, chickling vetch, buckwheat, mustard, oilseed radish, and faba bean; winter annual species like fall rye and winter wheat; biennial species like sweet clover and red clover; and perennial species such as alfalfa and white clover.
		Green manure crops, with their many biological roles, are useful in low-input cropping systems.
	www.organicagcentre.ca /NewspaperArticles/na_green_manures.html (662 words)

	Green Manure
		Traditionally, green manure crops are sown and allowed to grow, either until the land is needed again or until the plants have reached a certain growth stage.
		Also, if green manure plants get too old, then they can become tough and will take longer to decompose and be incorporated into the soil by soil organisms.
		Usually, green manure crops are cut down and dug into the top 15-20 cm of soil with a spade.
	www.btinternet.com /~bury_rd/green.htm (979 words)

	Green manure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Green manure is the farming practice of plowing under certain crops to enrich the soil.
		In many farming systems, notably in organic farming, animal manure, either raw, dried, or fully composted, is applied to the soil as a way of replacing nutrients and improving soil structure.
		Green manure accomplishes the same task, using plants selected for this purpose.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/gr/green_manure.html (90 words)

	CSU Specialty Crops Program - Green Manure Information
		Green manure seed was planted with a plot drill seeder.
		Spring green manures were planted on April 14th, and summer green manures were planted on July 6th.
		Soil test results for the green manure demonstrations at the CSU Horticulture Research Center near Fort Collins, CO. The green manures were planted on July 20, 2005 (except clover/rye which was planted on April 27, 2005), and the soil samples were taken in February, 2006.
	www.specialtycrops.colostate.edu /rmsofp/green_manure.htm (740 words)

	COGS: Methods - Green manure crops
		Green manure crops are crops grown, not to be harvested by the grower, but to be incorporated into the soil before they reach maturity to contribute to the care and feeding of the soil.
		Green manure crops contribute directly to the fertility of the garden through the supply of important plant nutrients Legumes in particular supply a valuable amount of nitrogen since their roots form an association with soil-borne bacteria that can transform nitrogen from the atmosphere into nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants.
		Another benefit of a green manure crop is that while the green manure crop is growing it prevents weeds colonising the bare ground left after the previous crop has been removed.
	www.cogs.asn.au /articles/manures.htm (1472 words)

	Urban Orchards : Grow Your Own Fertilizers
		Green manures and cover crops decompose, forming humus, which acts like a glue, binding together particles of soil in a way that opens pore spaces.
		Choose a cover crop or green manure seed that prospers in your soil and climate and is suited to the coming season.
		With tall and bulky green manure plants such as fava beans, vetch, mustards, kale, Sudan grass, and sunflowers, a rotary tiller is difficult to use.
	www.earthworksboston.org /urbanorchards/replicate/A_Grow_Fertilizer.htm (2121 words)

	Green manure and cover crops
		Cover crops or green manures are subsequently sown at this time of the year by the astute organic gardener, in the knowledge of the inherent advantages they bestow on the soil.
		A green manure can have a broader role, often including protecting the soil as a cover crop, but more importantly collecting the nutrients which could be lost by leaching or oxidation and recycling them back to the soil.
		By careful selection of the types of green manure used, the nutrients and trace elements can be drawn from a range of soil depths and incorporated with the nitrogen extracted from the air.
	home.vtown.com.au /~dbellamy/soil/green.html (387 words)

	Green Manure and Crop Alternatives to Fallow
		For the annual green manure system to be practical in this region, this work indicates producers would need to seed the legume as early as possible, i.e., before seeding wheat, and terminate its growth no later than the end of the first week of July.
		Green manure lentils incorporated at either bud or full bloom, or field peas, grain lentils or wheat were grown as first crop, followed by wheat at Scott, Saskatchewan.
		On fields unsuited to peas or lentils harvested as a grain crop, lentil green manures may be a suitable alternative to summer fallow.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/ag/baudr130.html (548 words)

	Green Manures
		Using these methods, the green manure does not compete with the crop but can get established and will continue to grow after the grain crop is harvested, at a time when the soil would otherwise be vulnerable to erosion and weed encroachment.
		Green manures are referred to by a number of names, according to their primary function at any one time.
		Nutrients absorbed by green manure crops or those retained within crop residues after harvest, are gradually released or "mineralized" when the crop is incorporated into the soil and subsequently decomposes.
	www.eap.mcgill.ca /MagRack/COG/COGHandbook/COGHandbook_1_5.htm (2447 words)

	Homesteading - Green Manure for the Garden
		Green manure is simply any crop grown to be turned into, or cut down to lay on top of, the ground for the purpose of adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil.
		Green manure seed can be just about any seed that you have or is available in your area, though some will be more appropriate than others.
		Green manure seed is generally broadcast rather heavily over the plot, either by hand or, if a large area, with a hand cranked seeder.
	www.manytracks.com /Garden/GreenManure.htm (3238 words)

	Management of Oilseed Radish and Yellow Mustard Green Manure Crops
		Green manure crops also require additional labor and management, often at times during the season when these inputs are needed for planting or harvest of marketable crops.
		Because early planting is critical for the effectiveness of green manure crops, it is important to quickly incorporate previous crop residues and perform tillage operations to loosen the soil.
		Under the green manure system, Temik would not be required, but there are additional expenses for seed, tillage, fertilizer, irrigation and Poast (for control of volunteer grain in the green manure crop).
	www.uidaho.edu /sugarbeet/nmtds/oilseed.htm (1700 words)

	Untitled Document
		Green manures are fast-growing plants (legumes and non-legumes) planted on a piece of land to improve soil fertility and protect the soil from erosion.
		Green manures may not be successful in the dry season, especially in drier areas.
		Reduce the canopy (for example to prevent an intercropped green manure from interfering with the main crop) by harvesting the crop for fodder.
	www.iirr.org /saem/page147-152.htm (1633 words)

	Soil: securing the future - Green manure: Slow on the uptake?
		Green manure crops also stand a better chance of being adopted if they can fill an otherwise empty space in a farming system, and do not occupy land that could otherwise be used for a food or cash crop.
		In terms of cash, farmers need to be able to harvest their own seed year after year, and the green manure crops must be free from disease or insect problems that slow down growth.
		Interestingly, it is farmers themselves who have been responsible for much of the recent development in green manuring and an international survey of green manure/cover crop systems found that 60% had been devised by farmers.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /01-6/focuson/focuson3.html (698 words)

	The Organic Way - Selecting Green Manure Crops for Soil Fertility
		Green manures are crops that are turned into the soil while they are young and succulent, rather than harvested, to improve the organic matter content.
		When the green manure crop is incorporated into the top 6-8 inches of the soil, it will breakdown more rapidly because this is the area of the soil where most of the organisms that breakdown plant tissues are.
		Green manure crops can also be grown to scavenge nutrients left in the soil after the cash crop is harvested and thereby prevent the loss of those nutrients through leaching.
	www.ext.vt.edu /news/periodicals/commhort/pulledarticles/july04-3.html (878 words)

	Green manures - OrganicExchange.com.au
		Green manures have been used for centuries but went out of fashion over the last 50 years in many of the "more developed" countries because they were seen as a slow way to do what bought fertilizer could do.
		Green manures sown under a crop or not into their own seedbed are usually sown at lighter rates so they don't compete too strongly with the existing crop.
		Green manures sown on their own are often sown at a heavier rate to maximize the competition against weeds and to get more bulk in less time.
	www.organicexchange.com.au /all/fcmmgm00.htm (3792 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Green Manuring
		After green manuring soils are easier to work, even though young soft growth contributes little organic matter.
		Green manures, especially autumn sown ones, are effective in mopping up nutrients remaining after crops, preventing them being washed away by rain.
		Green manure seeds are sown broadcast and raked into the soil.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0802/green_manure.asp (352 words)

	Green Manure
		Depending on the growing season in your region, green manures are planted either before or after the food crop.
		Many green manures are winter hardy and should be planted in the fall and tilled under in spring prior to planting.
		Use green manure to rejuvenate your home garden during the active growing season or the off-season.
	www.lowes.com /lowes/lkn?action=howTo&p=LawnGarden/grnmanure&topic=howToLibrary (511 words)

	WSU Master Gardener: Stewardship Gardening - Green Manures / Cover Crops
		Green manure crops are high in nutrients and are an important and inexpensive way to produce organic matter for the garden.
		Green manures also act as "cover crops", plants grown at times when other crops do not occupy garden space.
		Green manures that are in the legume family, such as peas, beans, and clovers, have an added bonus.
	gardening.wsu.edu /stewardship/covcrops/cover.htm (602 words)

	WSU Master Gardener: Stewardship Gardening - Planting and Growing Green Manures
		Green manures may be planted prior to harvest of many late season crops by undersowing.
		Green manures may also be planted between rows of raspberry plants in the fall, providing irrigation is available.
		The best time to cultivate the green manures is after most of the plants have started to bloom or are close to heading, but before they go to seed.
	gardening.wsu.edu /Stewardship/covcrops/growcovr.htm (413 words)

	Manure Facts - Organic Trade Association
		Composted manure is a primary source of soil fertility for organic farmers.
		Uncomposted or improperly composted manure used as a fertilizer or soil amendment, or manure that enters surface waters, may contain pathogens and subsequently contaminate produce.
		Manure, either by itself or blended with crop residues, makes up much of the raw material for the compost used on organic farms.
	www.ota.com /organic/foodsafety/manure.html (1191 words)

	Potatoes Benefit From Mustard Green Manure
		Instead of treating the soil with the chemical fumigant metam sodium, a green manure crop was grown in the fall of 2002 between the wheat and potato crops.
		Green manure crops are turned into the soil to add nutrients, improve soil characteristics and control pests and diseases.
		Picture caption: A mustard green manure crop was found to be a viable alternative to metam sodium treatment in the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes' Alternative Cropping Demonstration.
	www.pesticide.org /greenmanuremustard.html (526 words)

	CSANR: Featured Programs
		Green manuring is the tilling of fresh plant material into the soil to improve the soil and thus the growth of the following crop.
		They are using mustard green manures, mainly before potatoes, to improve their soils and thereby manage soil-borne pests, control wind erosion, increase infiltration, improve crop yields, and they hope, increase profits.
		Although a mustard green manure is probably not grown long enough to reduce nematode number by this mechanism, the poor/non-host status keeps the nematode populations from increasing.
	csanr.wsu.edu /FeaturedPrograms/MustardGreenManure.htm (2642 words)

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