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Topic: Green sulfur bacteria

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	Photosynthesis in the Abyss :: Astrobiology Magazine - earth science - evolution distribution Origin of life universe ...
		So has the understanding that these thriving communities depend not on green organisms using the Sun's light as a source of energy, but on bacteria and archaea that break down energy-rich chemicals spewing out of the sea floor along with the 350-degree C (662-degree F) vent water.
		"At this occasion, green sulfur bacteria were detected at a depth of 100 m (330 feet), even deeper than before." This time, Overmann was able to grow the bacteria in the lab and learn more about its identity: a member of the green sulfur bacteria usually found in the oxygen-starved waters of estuaries.
		Analysis of the new organism's RNA shows it to be a new species, a close cousin to common estuary green sulfur bacteria, and a close cousin to Overmann's Black Sea bacteria.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article451.html (1632 words)

	Bacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antiseptic measures may be taken to prevent infection by bacteria, for example, prior to cutting the skin during surgery or swabbing skin with alcohol when piercing the skin with the needle of a syringe.
		Some bacteria are able to use molecular nitrogen as their source of nitrogen, converting it to nitrogenous compounds, a process known as nitrogen fixation.
		Bacteria, often in combination with yeasts and molds, are used in the preparation of fermented foods such as cheese, pickles, soy sauce, sauerkraut, vinegar, wine, and yogurt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bacterium (1614 words)

	Green sulfur bacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The green sulfur bacteria are a family (Chlorobiaceae) of phototrophic bacteria.
		Green sulfur bacteria are generally nonmotile (one species has a flagellum), and come in spheres, rods, and spirals.
		This is used in the form of sulfide ions, producing globules of neutral sulfur outside the cell, which may then be further oxidized.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Green_sulfur_bacteria (154 words)

	Green sulfur bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		sulfur sulfur asphalt concrete bacteria pathogenic indicator bacteria escherichia coli bacteria lymes candida bacteria lactic acid bacteria green green laser green party green knight peter green green mango
		Alberta Sulphur Research Ltd. Non-profit sulfur research organization and fosters research in the areas of the chemistry and technology of sulfur and its compounds with particular emphasis on topics of importance to the sulfur and sour gas industry.
		Hunt for Bacteria A webquest that challenges a group of students to be experts on eight bacteria, and to present their findings.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Green_sulfur_bacteria.html (485 words)

	Green sulfur bacteria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		No other bacterial families are known to be closely related to them, and they are accordingly placed in their own phylum (Chlorobi).
		They use sulfide ions as electron donor, and in the process the sulfide gets oxidized, producing globules of elemental sulfur outside the cell, which may then be further oxidized.
		A species of green sulfur bacteria has been found living near a fl smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of 2,500 meters beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Green_sulfur_bacteria (260 words)

	Bacteria
		Bacteria are microscopic organisms whose single cells have neither a membrane-bounded nucleus nor other membrane-bounded organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
		Bacteria that are not decolorized by the alcohol/acetone wash are Gram-positive.
		They are probably the descendants of Gram-positive bacteria who have lost much of their genome — now depending on the gene products of their host.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Eubacteria.html (3108 words)

	Life History and Ecology of Bacteria
		Bacteria are so widespread that it is possible only to make the most general statements about their life history and ecology.
		Bacteria may also be classified both by the mode by which they obtain their energy.
		The sulfur bacteria are particularly interesting, since they use hydrogen sulfide as hydrogen donor, instead of water like most other photosynthetic organisms, including cyanobacteria.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /bacteria/bacterialh.html (676 words)

	Green sulfur bacteria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The green sulfur bacteria are a family (Chlorobiaceae) of (Click link for more info and facts about phototrophic) phototrophic ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants) bacteria.
		Green sulfur bacteria are generally nonmotile (one species has a (A lash-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa)) flagellum), and come in spheres, rods, and spirals.
		This is used in the form of (A compound of sulphur and some other element that is more electropositive) sulfide ions, producing globules of neutral sulfur outside the cell, which may then be further oxidized.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Gr/Green_sulfur_bacteria.htm (176 words)

	The Search for Microbial Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Algae, aerobic sulfur bacteria, and cyanobacteria are found in the upper layer of the column where oxygen is available.
		Green sulfur bacteria are resistant to high hydrogen sulfide concentrations typically found in these regions of the Winogradsky column.
		After a period of several weeks patches of red, green, and purple appeared at different depths of the column indicating the enriched media of cellulose and sulfur provided a suitable environment to colonization of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (Figure 2).
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1999/projects/group8/sediment1.html (1583 words)

	Newswise
		Now, researchers investigating green sulfur bacteria - microbes capable of breaking down sulfur compounds - have uncovered a new link they believe to be an ancestor of that carbon-fixing protein.
		Green sulfur bacteria are found in many environments, including stagnant areas of lakes, in rice paddies, in the oceans, and in sand just beneath the surface.
		He and Hanson were using a database of bacterial genomes, studying the genome of a species of green sulfur bacteria, when they discovered that a gene sequence in the bacterium resembled the sequence for the RubisCO protein.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=PLANTCO2.OSU (549 words)

	Green sulfur bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Green sulfur bacteria are generally nonmotile (one species has a flagellum),and come in spheres, rods, and spirals.
		They engage in photosynthesis, using bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e in vesicles attached to the membrane, andin the presence of sulfur, which acts as electron donor.
		This is used in the form of sulfide ions, producing globules of neutral sulfur outside the cell, which may thenbe further oxidized.
	www.therfcc.org /green-sulfur-bacteria-64008.html (133 words)

	Newswise
		Biologists say green-sulfur bacteria are important because they perform photosynthesis in a different way from that of other bacteria and that of plants.
		Green-sulfur bacteria such as C. tepidum are widely distributed in aquatic environments where light reaches anoxic (low-oxygen) layers of water containing reduced sulfur compounds.
		Another reason why biologists study green-sulfur bacteria is that their mechanism of capturing carbon dioxide differs from that of plants and other bacteria.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/?id=GREEN.TIG (872 words)

	The paper
		In plants, algae and certain types of bacteria, the photosynthetic process results in the release of molecular oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that is used to synthesize carbohydrates (oxygenic photosynthesis).
		Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria depend on bacteriochlorophyll, a family of molecules that are similar to the chlorophyll, that absorb strongly in the infrared between 700 and 1000 nm.
		The antenna system of the green sulfur bacteria is composed of bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids and is contained in complexes known as a chlorosomes that are attached to the surface of the photosynthetic membrane.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /govindjee/paper/gov.html (12489 words)

	aquarium algae remover - kills algae, green, string, hair and pond
		Microorganisms or bacteria are very simple organisms which have two basic functions; to metabolize/eat and reproduce.
		The carbon is absorbed through the bacteria's cell membrane where it combines with oxygen and is released as carbon dioxide.
		The bacteria's breakdown of carbon leads to a reduction in total suspended algae which is evidenced by improved clarity.
	www.thepetstop.com /fish_shop/Miscellaneous/BI-AQUA.html (1811 words)

	Organisms in the Microbial Genome Program, U.S. Dept. of Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Paracoccus denitrificans (bacteria, 3.66 Mb): Bioremediates various pollutants; involved in carbon sequestration and denitrification; may be closely related to evolutionary precursor of mitochondria.
		Pseudomonas fluorescens PFO-1 (bacteria, 5.5 Mb): Metabolically diverse; degrades pollutants such as styrene, TNT, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; useful in applications requiring bacteria release and survival in soil.
		Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC25745 (bacteria, 2 Mb): Gram positive; facultatively anaerobic lactic acid microbe; acid tolerant; used as starter culture in sausage, cucumber, green bean, and soya milk fermentations; ripening agent of cheeses.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/microbialgenomes/organisms.shtml (3117 words)

	Why study green bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Photosynthesis is the source of energy for all life on the surface of this planet. As well as green plants and algae, some bacteria are also capable of using the energy in sunlight.
		They grow where there is no free oxygen, reduced sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide to provide reductant for conversion of carbon dioxide to cellular biomolecules, and sufficient light for their modest needs.
		However, in the green bacteria the pigments are associated in complexes where interactions between pigments are predominant and proteins play at most a minor role.
	www.sdu.dk /Nat/biokemi/gbptmr/what.html (294 words)

	Green Sulfur Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Green sulfur bacteria (GSB) belong to the domain Bacteria and the kingdom Green sulfur Bacteria (VII).
		Green sulfur bacteria also have two distinguishing colors: green and brown, or more precisely, a grass-green color and a chocolaty-brown hue.
		Green sulfur bacteria are a varied and interesting group of microbes that contributes to the diversity and beauty of our planet.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~umbls/mb301/bact/grnsulfbact.htm (1125 words)

	The Bound Electron Acceptors in Green Sulfur Bacteria: Resolution of the g-Tensor for the FX Iron-Sulfur Cluster in ...
		The Bound Electron Acceptors in Green Sulfur Bacteria: Resolution of the g-Tensor for the FX Iron-Sulfur Cluster in Chlorobium tepidum -- Vassiliev et al.
		Photosynthetic reaction center genes in green sulfur bacteria and in photosystem-1 are related.
		Photosynthetic electron-transfer reactions in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme--evidence for the functional involvement of iron-sulfur redox centers on the acceptor side of the reaction center.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/6/3160 (5869 words)

	Articles - Hydrogen sulfide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sulfur-reducing bacteria and some archaea obtain their energy by using elemental sulfur to oxidize organic matter or hydrogen, thus also producing hydrogen sulfide.
		Hydrogren sulfide producing bacteria also operate in the human colon, and the odor of flatulence is largely due to trace amounts of the gas.
		The purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as electron donor in photosynthesis, thereby producing elemental sulfur.
	www.sterlingsilvercenter.com /articles/Hydrogen_sulfide (1706 words)

	The Scientist :: Sun-free photosynthesis?, Jun. 21, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Photosynthetic bacteria may be able to live without solar light, instead using thermal radiation from hot fluid for energy, according to a study in this week's PNAS.
		Thomas Beatty of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, have found obligately photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent more than a mile below the ocean surface.
		In a culture medium specific for anaerobic photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, a green-pigmented microbe grew in just one water sample, which had been taken from within 50 centimeters of a fl smoker plume.
	www.biomedcentral.com /news/20050621/01 (638 words)

	Chapter 2 - Energy conversion by photosynthetic organisms
		In plants such as green algae, and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), water is the electron source, while in photosynthetic bacteria, organic or sulfur compounds provide electron sources.
		Photosynthetic bacteria are also capable of reducing electron carriers such as NAD, via a linear reaction similar to the electron transmission which occurs during plant photosynthesis (Figure 2-2).
		Such chlorophyll- containing bacteria which include Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodobacter sphaeroides, show similarities with respect to the arrangement of chlorophyll, and the three-dimensional structures of major portions of the proteins possessing that pigment.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w7241e/w7241e06.htm (2714 words)

	Experimental Study of Interactions between Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria in Sandy Sediments Exposed to Illumination ...
		Green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB)
		The coexistence of PSB and GSB in microbial mats and photosynthetic
		A microsensor study of the interaction between purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria in experimental benthic gradients.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/6/2972 (5831 words)

	Genetic Manipulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobium tepidum -- Frigaard et al. 186 ...
		Genetic Manipulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobium tepidum -- Frigaard et al.
		The green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum is a strict anaerobe
		sulfur bacteria and green filamentous bacteria is also discussed.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/186/16/5210 (343 words)

	Seabed secrets in English clay
		Fossilized organic molecules of green sulfur bacteria are helping to unlock secrets of what may have been a period of helter-skelter climate change and mass kills of sea life during the Jurassic Period some 150-160 million years ago.
		Using solvents to extract oily lipids from sediments, the geologists identified the signature organic compounds of green sulfur bacteria using gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers.
		"The animal fossils and bacteria organic matter, though contained in the same packet of rock, were not deposited at the same time," he said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-04/uoia-ssi042304.php (484 words)

	SPACE.com -- Extreme Beings: How Life Scrounges for Photons
		So has the understanding that these thriving communities depend not on green organisms using the Suns light as a source of energy, but on bacteria and archaea that break down energy-rich chemicals spewing out of the sea floor along with the 662-degree Fahrenheit (350-degree C) vent water.
		The first hints that some kind of photosynthetic bacteria grew that deep and dark were traces of the light-capturing chemical bacteriochlorophyll detected by a US-Turkish expedition at about 260 feet (80 meters).
		"At this occasion, green sulfur bacteria were detected at a depth of 100 meters [330 feet], even deeper than before." This time, Overmann was able to grow the bacteria in the lab and learn more about its identity: a member of the green sulfur bacteria usually found in the oxygen-starved waters of estuaries.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astrobio_extreme_030505.html (1617 words)

	BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL - Definition
		[n] a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plants
		A pigment, or colored particle, found in bacteria that anaerobically photosynthesizes (uses the sun as a source of energy), the way green pigments of chlorophyll found in plants photosynthesize.
		The light-absorbing pigment found in green sulfur and purple sulfur bacteria.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/bacteriochlorophyll (57 words)

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