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Topic: Greenhouse effect

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	Greenhouse Effect - MSN Encarta
		Greenhouse Effect, the capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat emitted from the Earth’s surface, thereby insulating and warming the Earth.
		Water vapor is the most common greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, accounting for about 60 to 70 percent of the natural greenhouse effect.
		However, as human activities increase the concentration of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (producing warmer temperatures on Earth), the evaporation of oceans, lakes, and rivers, as well as water evaporation from plants, increase and raise the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761578504 (1090 words)

	The Greenhouse Effect
		The greenhouse effect refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium.
		Besides the heating of an automobile by sunlight through the windshield and the namesake example of heating the greenhouse by sunlight passing through sealed, transparent windows, the greenhouse effect has been widely used to describe the trapping of excess heat by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
		Sometimes the effects of the greenhouse effect are stated in terms of the albedo of the Earth, the overall average reflection coefficient.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/thermo/grnhse.html (457 words)

	Greenhouse Effect - Crystalinks
		The greenhouse effect, first discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824, and first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, is the process by which an atmosphere warms a planet.
		In common parlance, the term greenhouse effect may be used to refer either to the natural greenhouse effect, which is the greenhouse effect which occurs naturally on Earth, or to the enhanced (anthropogenic) greenhouse effect, which results from gases emitted as a result of human activities (see also global warming).
		The result of the greenhouse effect is that average surface temperatures are considerably higher than they would otherwise be if the Earth's surface temperature were determined solely by the albedo and flbody properties of the surface.
	www.crystalinks.com /greenhouseffect.html (1260 words)

	Greenhouse What's That Fact Sheet
		The greenhouse effect is a term that describes how natural gases in the earth's atmosphere reduce the amount of heat escaping from the earth into the atmosphere.
		The difference between the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion is often a source of confusion.
		The greenhouse effect refers to the ability of some gases, known as the greenhouse gases, to trap heat within the atmosphere.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /education/factsheets/what.html (1400 words)

	The Greenhouse Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Greenhouse gases -- carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and others -- are transparent to certain wavelengths of the Sun's radiant energy, allowing them to penetrate deep into the atmosphere or all the way to Earth's surface.
		The greenhouse gases and clouds effectively prevent some of the infrared radiation from escaping; they trap the heat near Earth's surface where it warms the lower atmosphere.
		The greenhouse effect is important to life on Earth, without it the Earth would be far too cold for us.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /academy/space/greenhouse.html (303 words)

	Greenhouse Effect -- Resources at Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
		The greenhouse effect results from "the dirty of the atmospheric infrared window" by some atmospheric trace gases, permitting incoming solar radiation to reach the surface of the Earth unhindered but restricting the outward flow of infrared radiation.
		The greenhouse effect is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth.
		Greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and others-are transparent to certain wavelengths of the Sun's radiant energy, allowing them to penetrate deep into the atmosphere or all the way to Earth's surface.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~ecologic/html/air_greenhouse_effect.htm (1143 words)

	Greenhouse Effect
		Small amounts of these gases, known as greenhouse gases, have a big effect on temperature at the Earth's surface, and because of this the scientific community is concerned that human activity, and particularly adding more CO2 to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuel, may be upsetting the natural balance.
		Greenhouse gases added in this way are known as "anthropogenic", and are small in volume when compared with the bulk of the atmosphere, but large compared with the amount of natural greenhouse gases present before the start of the Industrial Revolution.
		Although it is called the greenhouse effect, the process does not, in fact, involve trapping heat in the same way that a glass greenhouse does.
	www.dhushara.com /book/diversit/co2.htm (3165 words)

	Greenhouse Effect
		With more greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere due to human activity, more infrared radiation will be trapped in the Earth's surface which contributes to the ¡§Enhanced Greenhouse Effect¡¨.
		Increase of greenhouse gases concentration causes a reduction in outgoing infrared radiation, thus the Earth's climate must change somehow to restore the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation.
		However, the effect of global warming may affect the atmospheric general circulation and thus altering the global precipitation pattern as well as changing the soil moisture contents over various continents.
	www.weather.gov.hk /wxinfo/climat/greenhs/e_grnhse.htm (1390 words)

	CRC for Greenhouse Accounting - About greenhouse: Greenhouse effect
		Without heat-trapping greenhouse gases, the surface of the Earth would have an average temperature of -18Â°C rather than our current average of 15Â°C. Unfortunately, human actions such as burning fossil fuels and land clearing are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the heat trapped.
		The effects of global warming are particularly evident in the Arctic where the temperature has risen at almost twice the rate as the rest of the world in the past few decades.
		A 2004 Australian Greenhouse Office Report on the Potential effects of global warming on the biota of the Australian Alps predicts that rare and sensitive small mammals, such as the Mountain Pygmy possum, adapted to the extremes of winter, are particularly under threat.
	www.greenhouse.crc.org.au /about_greenhouse/greenhouse_effect.cfm (1908 words)

	Greenhouse Effect
		Greenhouse gases like water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide trap the infrared radiation released by the Earth's surface.
		The atmosphere acts like the glass in a greenhouse, allowing much of the shortwave solar radiation to travel through unimpeded, but trapping a lot of the longwave heat energy trying to escape back to space.
		Over the same time period the climate of the Earth has warmed, and many scientists now accept that there is a direct link between the man-made enhancement of the greenhouse effect and global warming.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Climate_Change/Older/Greenhouse_Effect.html (215 words)

	SIMPLE GREENHOUSE EFFECT DIAGRAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The natural greenhouse effect causes the mean temperature of the Earth's surface to be about 33 degrees C warmer than it would be if natural greenhouse gases were not present.
		This is fortunate for the natural greenhouse effect creates a climate in which life can thrive and man can live under relatively benign conditions.
		On the other hand, an enhanced greenhouse effect refers to the possible raising of the mean temperature of the Earth's surface above that occurring due to the natural greenhouse effect because of an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases due to human activities.
	www.atmos.umd.edu /~owen/CHPI/IMAGES/greeneff.html (234 words)

	Newton's Apple Season 15: Greenhouse Effect
		Greenhouse gases, particularly water vapor, absorb the resulting heat energy and hold it in the atmosphere instead of allowing it to radiate out into space.
		(In an actual greenhouse, the glass windows block the heat's exit.) This greenhouse effect keeps us warm, but scientists are concerned that humans may be creating problems by adding certain greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (from carbon-based fuels), chlorofluorocarbons (from aerosol cans), and methane (from cow digestion).
		The accumulation of greenhouse gases could result in global warming; an increase in the average temperature that would probably lead to climate change.
	www.ktca.org /newtons/15/greenhouse.html (849 words)

	7(h) The Greenhouse Effect
		The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
		Without the greenhouse effect life on this planet would probably not exist as the average temperature of the Earth would be a chilly -18° Celsius, rather than the present 15° Celsius.
		The amount of heat energy added to the atmosphere by the greenhouse effect is controlled by the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/7h.html (1812 words)

	Greenhouse Effect, by Thomas C. Schelling: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The "greenhouse effect" is a complicated process by which the earth is becoming progressively warmer.
		Yet whether or not we are witnessing the greenhouse effect is unknown because other decades-long influences such as changes in solar intensity and in the atmosphere's particulate matter can obscure any smooth greenhouse trend.
		But if the developed countries were prepared to invest, say, $200 billion a year in greenhouse gas abatement, explicitly for the benefit of developing countries fifty years or more from now, the developing countries would probably clamor, understandably, to receive the resources immediately in support of their continued development.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/GreenhouseEffect.html (2407 words)

	Greenhouse Effect
		The effect of aerosols on climate change is still debated, but scientists believe that light-colored aerosols cool the Earth’s surface, while dark aerosols like soot actually warm the atmosphere.
		Although concern over the effect of increasing greenhouse gases is a relatively recent development, scientists have been investigating the greenhouse effect since the early 1800s.
		Sources of greenhouse gases, such as automobiles, factories, and power plants, are monitored directly to determine their emissions.
	www.saskschools.ca /~greenall/scienceprojects/greenhouse_effect.htm (2737 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Climate
		Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
		Without this natural “greenhouse effect,” temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible.
		Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth’s average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/Climate.html (691 words)

	greenhouse effect FAQ
		The greenhouse effect is the cause and global warming and climate change are the consequences.
		The greenhouse effect is caused by gases in the atmosphere which have the ability to absorb the sun's energy that is usually radiated back into space from Earth.
		One of the major greenhouse gases from human sources is carbon dioxide (CO While CO is naturally occurring, its concentration in the atmosphere is rapidly increasing because of the burning of the fossil fuels- oil, coal and gas.
	www.moorlandschool.co.uk /earth/greenhou.htm (3938 words)

	NOVA Online/Cracking the Ice Age/Greenhouse - Green Planet
		On the other hand, without any greenhouse gases, much of the sun's heat would be lost, and the Earth would become a frozen wasteland with an average temperature of 0 degrees fahrenheit (-18 degrees celsius).
		Many climatologists argue that we are artificially increasing the greenhouse effect, warming the Earth faster than would occur naturally, which could cause problems for the Earth in the future.
		But even as scientist debate the impact of changes to the greenhouse gases, there is still one fact with which they all can agree - without the greenhouse effect, life on this planet would not be the same.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/ice/greenhouse.html (549 words)

	[No title]
		Scientists remind us that a man-made greenhouse does not really work in the same way that the earth's greenhouse effect does (the greenhouse is not really radiating energy back, it is just trapping the sun's energy with glass by not allowing the energy to escape).
		The important thing to understand about the Greenhouse effect is that there is a delicate balance of the amount of energy that comes in from the sun, compared to the amount of energy is reflected back out into space.
		So when people say they are worried about the "Greenhouse effect," they are worried that an increase in the amount of gases we produce are going to allow the earth to warm up a little bit all over, which can cause major changes in the climate of the earth.
	www.ed.uiuc.edu /SNN/Jan-Feb.96/Greenhouse.html (822 words)

	A Runaway Greenhouse Effect?
		Such compounds are sometimes termed greenhouse gases because, if they are present in a planetary atmosphere, they absorb the scattered IR radiation and tend to raise the temperature of the atmosphere by trapping solar energy.
		The greenhouse effect occurs for all planetary atmospheres containing greenhouse gases, and is responsible for their being warmer than would be the case otherwise.
		Now suppose we increased the effectiveness of greenhouse heating of the Earth's atmosphere, for example by increasing the amount of solar radiation falling on it, or by increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (for example, by burning fossil fuels, which produce water vapor and carbon dioxide as byproducts of burning).
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/venus/greenhouse.html (589 words)

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