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Topic: Greenhouse gas

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	Greenhouse Gas Emissions \| Climate Change \| U.S. EPA
		A greenhouse gas inventory is an accounting of the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to or removed from the atmosphere over a specific period of time (e.g., one year).
		Many states prepare greenhouse gas inventories, and EPA provides guidance and tools to assist them in their efforts.
		Corporate greenhouse gas inventories provide information on the emissions associated with the operations of a company.
	www.epa.gov /climatechange/emissions/index.html (833 words)

	Greenhouse gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the "greenhouse effect".
		The downward part of this longwave radiation emitted by the atmosphere is the "greenhouse effect." The term is in fact a misnomer, as this process is not the primary mechanism that warms greenhouses.
		) are not greenhouse gases, because homonuclear diatomic molecules (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greenhouse_gas (2211 words)

	Greenhouse effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The key to the greenhouse effect is the fact that the atmosphere is relatively transparent to visible solar radiation but strongly absorbing at the wavelengths of the thermal infrared radiation emitted by the surface and the atmosphere.
		The strength of the greenhouse effect is dependent on the concentration of greenhouse gases in the planetary atmosphere.
		When the concentration of a greenhouse gas (A) is itself a function of temperature, there is a positive feedback from the increase in another greenhouse gas (B), whereby increase in B increases the temperature which, in turn, increases the concentration of A, which increases temperatures further.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greenhouse_effect (2447 words)

	SIPRAC - Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Executive Summary
		It is the presence in the atmosphere of naturally occurring greenhouse gasses (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone) that result in a natural phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
		Greenhouse gas emissions are reported in terms of short tons (tons) of each greenhouse gas emitted.
		In 1995, residential fuel combustion was the second largest contributor of greenhouse gases at 20 percent with the utility sector dropping to a 16 percent contribution.
	dep.state.ct.us /air2/SIPRAC/1999/greeninv.htm (1733 words)

	Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy
		Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere.
		U.S. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas, 2001
		Another greenhouse gas, methane, comes from landfills, coal mines, oil and gas operations, and agriculture; it represents 9 percent of total emissions.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html (780 words)

	Greenhouse Gasses
		Methane, which follows carbon dioxide as the major greenhouse gas, is produced partly by livestock, fertilizer and other farm operations that accounted for about 30 percent of 1996 emissions.
		According to the research, increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have indirectly resulted in a dominant positive phase of an atmospheric wind pattern that ushers in warm, moist air from the oceans to the continents.
		Greenhouse gases trap heat at the Earth’s surface, while cooling the stratosphere—a region of the atmosphere that extends from seven to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface.
	healthandenergy.com /greenhouse_gasses.htm (2737 words)

	CRC for Greenhouse Accounting - About greenhouse: Greenhouse gases
		Greenhouse gases are a natural part of the Earth's atmosphere, trapping radiation from the Earth's surface to keep the Earth's temperature warm enough to support life.
		The main greenhouse gases that are increasing in concentration due to human activities are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
		A tonne of each individual greenhouse gas is adjusted to be expressed in terms of how many tonnes of carbon dioxide would be needed to produce the same global warming impact over 100 years.
	www.greenhouse.crc.org.au /about_greenhouse/greenhouse_gases.cfm (1111 words)

	Greenhouse What's That Fact Sheet
		The greenhouse effect is a term that describes how natural gases in the earth's atmosphere reduce the amount of heat escaping from the earth into the atmosphere.
		Human activity such as burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) and land clearing, however, are increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
		Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas, but human activity has little direct impact on the amount in the atmosphere.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /education/factsheets/what.html (1400 words)

	Climate Action Report: Greenhouse gas inventory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Greenhouse gas emissions were partly offset by carbon sequestration in forests.
		Direct effects occur when the gas itself is a greenhouse gas; indirect radiative forcing occurs when chemical transformations of the original gas produce a greenhouse gas, or when a gas influences the atmospheric lifetimes of other gases.
		The GWP of a greenhouse gas is the ratio of global warming, or radiative forcing (both direct and indirect), from one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to one kilogram of CO over a period of time.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/07/06799/part3.html (6293 words)

	CRC for Greenhouse Accounting - Greenhouse in_agriculture: Greenhouse in Agriculture
		The Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Accounting is testing techniques to accurately measure greenhouse gas emissions from Australian farming systems and in turn evaluate the effectiveness of a range of options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
		The Grains Greenhouse Accounting Framework is a tool for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from grain-producing systems based on the methodology provided by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
		It is designed to allow producers to explore the greenhouse gas impact of their current management system and to identify their major sources of emissions.
	www.greenhouse.crc.org.au /greenhouse_in_agriculture (755 words)

	Glossary: Greenhouse gas
		Greenhouse gases are those gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface, the atmosphere and clouds.
		Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) are the primary greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.
		Moreover there are a number of entirely human-made greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as the halocarbons and other chlorine and bromine containing substances, dealt with under the Montreal Protocol.
	www.greenfacts.org /glossary/ghi/greenhouse-gas.htm (140 words)

	Greenhouse Gases
		The "greenhouse effect" is the heating of the Earth due to the presence of greenhouse gases.
		It is primarily used as an anesthetic because it deadens pain and for this characteristic is called “laughing gas.” This gas is released naturally from oceans and by bacteria in soils.
		Carbon Dioxide - a heavy colorless gas that does not support combustion, dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, is formed especialy in animal repiration and in the decay or combustion of animal and vegetable matter, is absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis, and is used in the carbonation of beverages.
	www.umich.edu /~gs265/society/greenhouse.htm (3957 words)

	NaturalGas.org
		In fact, according to the EIA in its report 'Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000', 81.2 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States in 2000 came from carbon dioxide directly attributable to the combustion of fossil fuels.
		One issue that has arisen with respect to natural gas and the greenhouse effect is the fact that methane, the principle component of natural gas, is itself a very potent greenhouse gas.
		Natural gas emits virtually no particulates into the atmosphere: in fact, emissions of particulates from natural gas combustion are 90 percent lower than from the combustion of oil, and 99 percent lower than burning coal.
	www.naturalgas.org /environment/naturalgas.asp (2470 words)

	Greenhouse Gas Emissions
		Greenhouse Gas Emissions are those greenhouse gases that allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely and contribute to the greenhouse effect, which many believe is the cause of global warming.
		The primary greenhouse gases thought to be major contributors to global warming are; carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), methane emissions (CH 4) and nitrogen oxides (N2O).
		Greenhouse gas emissions have been on the increase ever since the dawn of the industrial revolution.
	www.cogeneration.net /greenhouse_gas_emissions.htm (3616 words)

	NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division - THE NOAA ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS INDEX (AGGI)
		Greenhouse gas concentrations are analyzed in terms of the changes in radiative forcing since 1750 for the period beginning in 1979.
		To determine the total radiative forcing of the greenhouse gases, we have used IPCC (2001) recommended expressions to convert greenhouse gas changes, relative to 1750, to instantaneous radiative forcing (see Table 1).
		Radiative forcing of all the long-lived greenhouse gases, relative to 1750, and the NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) on the right axis, which is indexed to 1 on January 1, 1990.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /aggi (1202 words)

	United States Submits Greenhouse Gas Inventory to United Nations - US Department of State
		Greenhouse gases are chemical compounds in the atmosphere that trap heat radiating out from the Earth’s surface and warm the Earth’s atmosphere.
		The six main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF Carbon dioxide (CO) is released into the atmosphere mainly as a result of burning fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) to generate power and for transportation.
		To measure its greenhouse gas emissions and sinks, each country uses guidelines that were developed for the inventory, Hockstad said, “to make sure that countries are using the best data and methods available for all their [greenhouse gas] sources.”
	usinfo.state.gov /gi/Archive/2005/May/03-145572.html (974 words)

	Greenhouse gas
		Where natural gas is used for lumber drying and electricity is purchased, there is a potential to generate heat from wood residues and to displace purchased electricity with self generated power.
		Fugitive emission from the upstream oil and gas industry are the fastest growing emission source in BC and are projected to increase from 6 MT/y to 9 MT/y based on past trends.
		Fugitive emissions come mainly from the carbon dioxide component of natural gas reservoirs that is stripped from gas during processing, from flaring, and from small leaks in natural gas equipment, lines and storage tanks.
	www.islandnet.com /~hburke/greenhousegas.htm (754 words)

	CNN.com - Oil group buries greenhouse gas under sea - Nov. 19, 2003
		The oil and gas group Statoily operates the world's only commercial gas platform in the North Sea to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from gas and reinject it beneath the seabed instead of releasing it to the air.
		C02 is the main gas targeted by the international 1997 Kyoto pact aimed at cutting emissions of heat-trapping gases blamed for global warming.
		Statoil's giant Snoehvit natural liquefied gas (LNG) project in the Barents Sea is due to come on stream in 2006 with the same technology.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/science/11/19/greenhouse.gas.reut/index.html (775 words)

	Greenhouse gas emissions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Scientific evidence strongly suggests that the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is raising the earth's temperature and changing the earth's climate - both have many potentially serious consequences.
		Not only does most of the fuel you put in your tank become greenhouse gas emissions, but the carbon in the fuel combines with oxygen in the air, almost tripling the weight of the fuel itself.
		The greenhouse gas estimates presented here are "full fuel-cycle estimates" and include the three major greenhouse gases emitted by motor vehicles: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane.
	www.fueleconomy.gov /feg/best/GHGemissions.shtml (301 words)

	The Greenhouse Gas Effect
		The greenhouse effect is a natural process by which some of the radiant heat from the Sun is captured in the lower atmosphere of the Earth, thus maintaining the temperature of the Earth's surface.
		Because energy-related carbon emissions are a large portion of total greenhouse gas emissions, any efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will likely have a significant impact on the energy sector; however, as discussed later, there are a number of factors outside the domestic energy market that also affect emissions levels.
		U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, 1990–2002 - Gas 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Carbon dioxide 4,969.4 5,130.4 5,224.4...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0004686.html (818 words)

	Greenhouse Effect
		If greenhouse gas molecules were enlarged, this would be their general shape.
		Without its atmosphere and greenhouse gasses, the surface of the Earth would be as cold as the surface of Mars.
		The amount of greenhouse gasses in Earth’s atmosphere is currently increasing which is amplifying the greenhouse effect, warming the planet.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/interior/greenhouse_effect.html (288 words)

	NASA GISS: Research Features: Methane: A Scientific Journey from Obscurity to Climate Super-Stardom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		With these observations — that methane is a greenhouse gas, that changes to emissions can affect the atmospheric concentration, and that climate can cause methane emissions to vary — there is a potential for some very interesting positive feedbacks.
		Over the last 30 years, methane has gone from being a gas of no importance, to — in some researchers eyes, at least — possibly the most important greenhouse gas both for understanding climate change and as a cost-effective target for future emission reductions.
		Greenhouse effects due to man-made perturbation of trace gases.
	www.giss.nasa.gov /research/features/methane (3278 words)

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