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Topic: Greenwich Time Signal

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	Atomic Clock Synchronization using the WWVB time signal from Colorado
		Accurate time using Atomic Clock accuracy is available across North America using the WWVB Atomic Clock time signal transmitted from Colorado, it provides the ability to synchronize the time on computers and other electrical equipment.
		Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was established as the first global time scale in 1884, and its 'atomic' equivalent, UTC, was adopted as the official time for the world in January 1972.
		The 60,000 Hz signal is always transmitted, but every second it is significantly reduced in power for a period of 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8 seconds: •; 0.2 seconds of reduced power means a binary zero • 0.5 seconds of reduced power is a binary one.
	www.ntp-time-server.com /atomic-clock/atomic-clock.htm (1132 words)

	Greenwich Mean Time - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Noon Greenwich Mean Time is not necessarily the moment when the Sun crosses the Greenwich meridian (and reaches its highest point in the sky in Greenwich) because of Earth's uneven speed in its elliptic orbit and its axial tilt.
		Greenwich Mean Time was adopted across Great Britain by the Railway Clearing House in 1847, and by almost all railway companies by the following year.
		Although civil time, e.g., the Greenwich Time Signal in the United Kingdom, is now based on UTC, it is still popularly called GMT.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/GMT (675 words)

	Greenwich Time Signal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Greenwich Time Signal (abbreviated GTS) or BBC pips is a time code heard on some BBC radio stations at the start of the hour, most notably on Radio 4 and the World Service.
		The signal on the line was inverted; that is, the signal sent to the BBC was "on" when no pip was required, and was pulsed "off" when a pip should be sounded.
		The pips are timed so that they are accurate as received on long wave 160 km (about 100 miles) from the Droitwich AM transmitter, which is the distance to central London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greenwich_Time_Signal (798 words)

	BBC Pips
		Offically called the Greenwich Time Signal, the pips have been broadcast since 1942, and were the idea of the astronomer royal[?] Sir Frank Dyson[?] and head of the BBC John Reith[?].
		Today the pips are timed relative to UTC, obtained from an atomic clock located in the basement of Broadcasting House[?] that is synchronised with British Telecom's Rugby time signal and GPS.
		The BBC compensates for the time delay in both broadcasting and receiving equipment, as well as the time for the actual transmission.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bb/BBC_Pips.html (318 words)

	The Ultimate Greenwich Mean Time - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich near London in England, which by convention is at 0 degrees geographic longitude.
		Theoretically, noon Greenwich Mean Time is the moment when the Sun crosses the Greenwich meridian (and reaches its highest point in the sky in Greenwich).
		Time cube adherants believe that the use of the GMT time zone in particular is erroneous as it only allows for a single day per 24 hours and not the four that they advocate.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/GMT (453 words)

	HVCEO Transportation Planning - Traffic Signal Coordination Handbook
		A signal phase is a group of three intervals (the right-of-way (green), change (yellow), and clearance (red)) that are assigned to an independent traffic movement or combination of movements.
		In an actuated signal control, the signal is designed to adjust its timing within specified limits to respond to traffic conditions at the moment, as registered with the controller via traffic detectors located in the street.
		Signal coordination is perceived by many agencies as an advantageous improvement to the community or corridor in consideration.
	www.hvceo.org /transport/signal_coordination.php (3338 words)

	Insight into marine science \| Observatory history \| Time ball (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		John Hartnup at the Liverpool Observatory determined sidereal time from the stars by means of the transit telescope situated in one of the domes on the Observatory roof.
		Accurate time still needed to be indicated to the people of Liverpool, but, due to the distance of the new Observatory, it now had to be with the aid of an audible signal.
		An attempt was made to scrap the time signal in 1932, partly because it was no longer necessary, due to the advent of radio, but also because of the cost of maintenance of the gun, said to be approximately one hundred pounds a year.
	www.pol.ac.uk /home/insight/timeball.html (827 words)

	Trains, technology and time-travellers - Ralph Harrington
		Although Britain is a relatively small country, it nevertheless takes a certain amount of time for the rotation of the earth to move it from east to west in relation to the sun; thus the precise time of sunrise, sunset and all points in between varies from place to place.
		Differences between one local time and another, and between railway time and local time, Booth argued, were leading to unendurable inefficiencies and anomalies in a country increasingly bound together by the rapid agencies of steam and electricity.
		At the time of Booth's appeal various railway companies were keeping uniform time within their own systems and the railway industry as a whole was identifying itself with the move towards uniform time across the nation itself.
	www.greycat.org /papers/timetrav.html (5058 words)

	ARTICLE: A Walk Though Time
		In 1967 the cesium atom's natural frequency was formally recognized as the new international unit of time: the second was defined as exactly 9,192,631,770 oscillations or cycles of the cesium atom's resonant frequency replacing the old second that was defined in terms of the earth's motions.
		Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) subsequently evolved as the official time reference for the world and served that purpose until 1972.
		A compromise time scale was eventually devised, and on January 1, 1972, the new Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) became effective internationally.
	www.theorderoftime.com /science/sciences/articles/awalktroughtime.html (3401 words)

	Wikinfo \| Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The standard unit for time is the SI second, from which larger units are defined like the minute, hour, day, week, month, year, decade, and century.
		There are several continuous time scales in current use: Universal Time, International Atomic Time (TAI), which is the basis for other time scales, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is the standard for civil time, Terrestrial Time (TT), etc. Mankind has invented calendars to track the passages of days, weeks, months, and years.
		In physics, time is defined as the distance between events along the fourth axis of the spacetime manifold.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=time (899 words)

	Transmission of Time Signals/Weather Reports by the Naval Radio Stations (1915)
		The transmission of time signals to vessels at sea by means of radiotelegraphy was first accomplished in the United States in 1905, and this service, enlarged and extended, has continued to the present time.
		Signals from Arlington and Key West, which reach a zone formerly served by other coast stations, are sent out every day in the year twice a day, viz, from 11.55 a.
		On the Pacific coast the time signals are sent broadcast to sea through the naval radio stations at Mare Island, Eureka, Point Arguello, and San Diego, Cal., and at North Head, Wash. The controlling clock for each station is in the naval observatory at the Mare Island Navy Yard.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1915time.htm (1112 words)

	Time signal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When more accurate public time signals were desired for use in navigation, a number of traditional audible or visible time signals were established for the purpose of allowing navigators to set their chronometers by.
		The original object of this time service was to furnish mariners in the seaboard cities with the means of regulating their chronometers; but, like many another governmental activity, its scope has gradually broadened until it has become of general usefulness.
		Loran-C time signals may also be used for radio clock synchronization, by augmenting their highly accurate frequency transmissions with external measurements of the offsets of LORAN navigation signals against time standards.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Time_signal (1223 words)

	Time-balls
		Not only did the Greenwich time-ball - said to be the world’s first public time signal - give Greenwich time to ships in London’s river and docks but, for the first time, it made Greenwich time regularly available to those ashore who could see it.
		The original Greenwich time-ball of 1833 was of wood and painted leather, the present aluminium one dating to 1919.
		The time-ball system was based on the Greenwich system and the mechanism was built by the same company, Maudsley, son and Field of London.
	www.tumblong.uts.edu.au /artefacts/greenwich/more.cfm (959 words)

	Greenwich Guide - Old Greenwich Royal Observatory
		The Greenwich Royal Observatory was founded by order of King Charles II to study astronomy and to fix longitude; see the page about the Prime Meridian.
		The time ball on the roof was first erected in 1833, providing the first public time signal.
		The work of the Royal Greenwich Observatory was moved to Hurstmonceux Castle in Sussex in 1948, and from there to Cambridge at the end of the last decade.
	www.greenwich-guide.org.uk /observ.htm (343 words)

	Greenwich Time Signal information - Search.com
		The Greenwich Time Signal (abbreviated GTS) or BBC pips is a time code heard on some BBC radio programmes at the start of the hour, most notably on Radio 4 and the World Service.
		Today the pips are timed relative to UTC, obtained from an atomic clock located in the basement of Broadcasting House that is synchronised with British Telecom's Rugby time signal and GPS.
		The pips are timed so that they are accurate as received on long wave 160 km (about 100 miles) from the Droitwich AM transmitter, which is the distance to central London.
	www.search.com /reference/Greenwich_Time_Signal (682 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| Six pip salute
		Time was marked by two weight-driven astronomical regulators - one was a back-up in case of breakage.
		These are kept in step by signals received from the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system and by information received from the Rugby radio transmitter facility which is operated by BT Aeronautical and Maritime under contract to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
		Differences between the two mean that "leap seconds" occasionally need to be added to the time signal, by means of an extra pip.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/271319.stm (603 words)

	trsc.com : What Time Is It?
		The answer is a little more complicated when you cross continents and time zones and deal with winter and summer or standard and daylight savings time.
		The time is expressed as 4 digits (hours and minutes) without punctuation, and 12 hours are added to the hours after 1 p.m.
		UTC is based upon the time on the 0 degree longitude passing through Greenwich, England, home of the original Royal Greenwich Observatory.
	www.trsc.com /ref_time.html (419 words)

	Watchbore and the Story of Time (Part II) [Feb 2000] - TimeZone
		The vital necessity being in a position of military advantage in the crucial time between the lifting of the barrage and the opening of enemy machine-gun fire is what persuaded soldiers in the front line reluctantly to adopt an item of female jewelry - the wristlet watch.
		Time is also the subject of powerful art, notably Titian's disturbing Allegory of Prudence and Poussin's masterly Phaëton asking for the Chariot of Apollo, both of which held Watchbore spellbound in time-suspension.
		He must also deprive his expectant readers of the full epic of his Herculean production of 20,000 words of eyeglazing drivel in record time, and fast-forward to the day when an envelope bearing the symbol of the world's most feared media empire is delivered to Watchbore's garret.
	www.timezone.com /library/wbore/wbore631757738439375000 (1122 words)

	Herstmonceux Castle - a photographic tour
		With a reliable clock that would keep 'Greenwich' time for weeks at sea which was produced by John Harrison in 1773, it was finally possible to calculate a vessels position.
		In 1880 Greenwich time became the standard time for the nation - a necessity brought about by the railways which required a standard time across the country to avoid chaos.
		However by the early decades of the 1900s, Greenwich had become a suburb of London and was not an ideal location for telescopes which require pollution free skies (from both smog and light) in order to function efficiently.
	www.invectis.co.uk /herstmonceux (612 words)

	Microsoft Unleashes Greenwich IM Beta
		Greenwich, slated for commercial release in mid-2003, will integrate presence -- knowledge of whether a person is online and available -- into the Windows Server 2003 platform to give enterprises access to voice, video and data collaboration.
		But with the advent of Greenwich, the offering will no longer be included in Exchange Server, which is slated to receive an update by the end of the year.
		Spokespeople from Microsoft were not available to respond to the criticism at press time, but the company is believe to have had had a number of problems with its SIP development in recent months.
	www.instantmessagingplanet.com /enterprise/article.php/2105971 (1173 words)

	Cassini-Huygens: Operations-Living on Saturn time
		Earth Received Time (ERT) or Ground UTC: The time the spacecraft signal is received at mission control on Earth (the Spacecraft Event Time plus One-Way Light Time).
		The first signal arrives at Earth one hour and 14 minutes later at 01:30 Ground UTC on Oct. 27.
		Adjusting for local time, the signals arrive on the screens at mission control in Pasadena, Calif. at 6:30 p.m.
	saturn.jpl.nasa.gov /operations/saturn-time.cfm (316 words)

	The Greenwich Time Signal
		In it, Carpendale enumerates all the time that the BBC devotes to "such subjects as Navy Week at The Three Ports, the departure and arrival of HM Ships, weather forecasts, gale warnings, and the announcement of vacancies for the entry of naval cadets into the RN College, Dartmouth".
		Of course, declared Carpendale, it would take some time to prepare the necessary material and that the BBC would be in a position to "apprise Their Lordships of the results before April 1st, 1938, namely the anniversary of the date on which [their original letter was received]".
		Atomic time is relentlessly accurate, but "natural" time, on which GMT was based, depends on the rotation of the earth and is subject to some variation as the earth "wobbles" slightly.
	www.miketodd.net /other/gts.htm (2177 words)

	BBC pips
		On the 75th anniversary of the first broadcast of the six-pip Greenwich Time Signal by the BBC, the Royal Observatory displayed for the first time in public, the time pieces which produced the six pips for their first broadcast in 1924.
		The six-pip Time Signal was introduced following the successful broadcast of the chimes of Big Ben to usher in the New Year of 1924.
		The six-pip Time Signal (pips for seconds 55,56,57,58,59,00) was Dyson's brainchild, devised in discussion with Frank Hope-Jones, inventor of the free pendulum clock, who had originally advocated a five-pip signal.
	wwp.greenwichmeantime.com /info/bbc-pips.htm (477 words)

	rodcorp: If in a continuous city a traveler
		Greenwich time signal is 80 years old »
		At the same time, we are close to the time when no city will be able to be used as a city; you waste more time on short trips than on long journeys.
		City streets are blocked by traffic: Calvino's own traffic congestion piece in 'The Chase', in Time and the Hunter ("the line moves in little, irregular shifts of position, I am still prisoner of the general system of moving cars, where neither pursuers nor pursued can be distinguished").
	rodcorp.typepad.com /rodcorp/2004/02/if_in_a_continu.html (995 words)

	Sky Publishing - Time and the Amateur Astronomer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To a person watching the sky 13 miles west of you, the time seems to be 11:59 when you swear it's 12:00 and someone 13 miles east insists it's 12:01.
		Logically enough, the "universal" time zone that was agreed upon is that of 0° longitude.
		The result is Coordinated Universal Time or UTC (its acronym in French), the system by which all the world's clocks are set.
	www.wwnorton.com /astro21/sandt/time.html (1759 words)

	RNW: A Matter of Time
		The BBC began transmitting time signals in 1924.
		The time service at Herstmonceux closed down during February 1990 when the BBC took over the generation of the six pips.
		Since 5 February 1990, the 66th anniversary of the start of the Greenwich Time Service, the six pips have been synchronised to UTC by using the GPS satellite signals which are picked up by a pair of GPS receivers atop Broadcasting House in London.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /features/media/practical/gmt.html (474 words)

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