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	Pope Gregory IV - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner.
		Gregory's response was to insist upon the primacy of St Peter's successor, the papacy being superior to the Emperor.
		This sequence of events is known as the Campus Mendacii or "field of lies." Louis was subsequently restored, and after his death Gregory made unsuccessful attempts to mediate in the conflict that ensued between the brothers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_IV (295 words)

	KOLBE'S GREATEST BOOKS: POPE GREGORY IV
		Throughout the greater part of his pontificate Gregory was involved in the quarrels between Louis and his sons which were to prove fatal to the domination of the Franks.
		Gregory gave the pallium to the Archbishops of Salzburg, Canterbury, and Grado, and favoured the latter against the encroachments of the Patriarch of Aquileia.
		To oblige Louis, Gregory caused some of his ecclesiastics to be trained in music in Rome, and he instructed him to proclaim the observance of the feast of All Saints throughout the empire.
	www.greatestbooks.org /studentlibrary/churchpopes/gregory4.htm (870 words)

	Gregory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory is a common masculine first name and family name.
		The associations with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock is part of the reason that the name has been popular with monks, priests and popes.
		Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male name in the 1950s and has remained popular since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gregory (263 words)

	Pope Gregory IV -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gregory's response was to insist upon the primacy of (additional info and facts about St Peter) St Peter's successor, the papacy being superior to the Emperor.
		Louis was subsequently restored, and after his death Gregory made unsuccessful attempts to mediate in the conflict that ensued between the brothers.
		Gregory built a fortress at (additional info and facts about Ostia) Ostia to counter the ((historically) a Muslim who opposed the crusades) Saracen threat.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_gregory_iv1.htm (223 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Popes of the Roman Catholic Church
		Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Bl.
		The Roman numerals in the name of Felix III (II), who reigned from 483 to 492, and Felix IV (III), who reigned from 526 to 530, vary depending on the acceptance (first numeral used) or nonacceptance (second number used) of the legitimacy of Felix II.
		An identical case is that of Antipope Victor IV and Pope Victor IV.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701500629/Popes_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Church.html (609 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gregory IX (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Gregory died at 98 when Frederick was about to attack the city.
		Gregory ordered the first complete and authoritative collection of papal decretals, the Corpus Iuris Canonici, which remained a fundamental source of canon law until the promulagtion of the Codex Iuris Canonici in 1917.
		Gregory IX organized (1233) the Inquisition and gave special responsibility for it to the Dominicans.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gregory9.html (320 words)

	GREGORY IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gregory IV was a Roman of noble family, ordained priest by St. Paschal.
		Gregory was elected without difficulty, but the imperial envoys insisted that his consecration should be held up until the Emperor confirmed the election.
		Gregory told the malcontents plainly that they should not forget that "the government of souls, which belongs to the supreme pontiff, is greater than the imperial power which is temporal." But Gregory failed in his attempt at mediation and must have felt frustrated on that "field of lies."
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp102.htm (411 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Sixteen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gregory VII's pontificate was extremely important for the medieval papacy, for even though Gregory was thwarted in many of his most grandiose schemes he was successful in establishing precedents upon which later popes would be able to build.
		In January 1077 Gregory made a rest stop along the journey to Augsburg and was the guest of the Countess Matilda of Tuscany at her mountain chateau at Canossa (in north slopes of the Apennines south of the Po River).
		Gregory VII's third aim was to acquire the submission of the eastern church leaders to his alleged supremacy as the Bishop of Rome over the entire church.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e16.html (4482 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope St. Gregory VII
		In sending the formal announcement of his elevation to Henry IV of Germany, he took occasion to indicate frankly the attitude, which, as sovereign pontiff, he was prepared to assume in dealing with the Christian princes, and, with a note of grave personal warning besought the king not to bestow his approval.
		Gregory was already on his way to Augsburg, and, fearing treachery, retired to the castle of Canossa.
		Gregory thereupon retired into the exile of Sant' Angelo, and refused to entertain Henry's overtures, although the latter promised to hand over Guibert as a prisoner, if the sovereign pontiff would only consent to crown him emperor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06791c.htm (3383 words)

	GraciousCall.org - HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		Gregory the First, or the Great, the last of the Latin fathers and the first of the popes, connects the ancient with the mediaeval church, the Graeco-Roman with the Romano-Germanic type of Christianity.
		In 590 Gregory was elected pope by the unanimous voice of the clergy, the senate, and the people, notwithstanding his strong remonstrance, and confirmed by his temporal sovereign, the Byzantine emperor Mauricius.
		John IV., the Faster, patriarch of Constantinople, repeatedly used in his letters the title "oecumenical" or "universal bishop." This was an honorary, title, which had been given to patriarchs by the emperors Leo and Justinian, and confirmed to John and his successors by a Constantinopolitan synod in 588.
	graciouscall.com /books/history/4_ch04.htm (8475 words)

	List of Popes (Our Lady of Good Health Mission)
		He even went so far as to appoint Felix III (IV) in 526 as the successor of Pope John I, whose death was due to the incarceration to which the king had condemned him.
		And in 684, owing to the long delays involved in the journey to Constantinople, Constantine IV (Pogonatus) acceded to Benedict II's request that in future it should not be necessary to wait for confirmation, but that a mere notification of the election would suffice.
		The right of confirmation is granted to the Emperor Henry IV and to such of his successors as should personally request and receive the privilege.
	tamilchurch.homestead.com /Pope.html (1825 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A native of Rome, Gregory IV was the cardinal priest of St. Mark's when he was elected pope in 827.
		As pope, Gregory fortified the port of Ostia against the Saracens and became involved in Lothair's 833 revolt against Louis; the rebellion was the result of Louis' having given half his kingdom to Lothair's half-brother, Charles the Bald.
		Gregory, who died in 844, was also known for building churches in Rome.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/gregoryiv.html (107 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV
		In the 11th century Pope Gregory VII excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.
		When he excommunicated Henry IV, Pope Gregory also told Henry’s vassals (noblemen who rented the Emperor’s lands) that they did not need to give their support to the Emperor anymore.
		Gregory was forced into exile, and he died in Salerno in 1085.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/006.html (175 words)

	Pope Gregory IV - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pope Gregory IV - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pope Gregory IV Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Pope Gregory IV contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pope_Gregory_IV (304 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
		In 1303, he drew up a decree excommunicating King Philip IV of France, but before this could be issued, the papal palace at Anagni was attacked by a group of 2000 mercenaries led by William de Nogaret, one of Philip's aides.
		In 1309, King Philip IV of France force the election of Clement, a Frenchman, and moved the papal seat to Avignon in France.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/kk_617.html (2706 words)

	Coins Of The Medieval Papal State
		Nevertheless, there are coins of Pope Zacharias (741-52), of Gregory III (Ficoroni, "Museo Kircheriano"), and, possibly, of Gregory II (715-741).
		Under the empire, coins that were struck in the provinces bore the name of some local magistrate, and those coins of Gregory and of Zacharias are simply imperial Byzantine pieces, bearing the name of the first civil magistrate of the City of Rome.
		In 1835 Gregory XVI regulated the monetary system of the Pontifical States, establishing the scudo as the unit, and dividing it into 100 baiocchi, while the baiocco was divided into 5 quattrini (the quattrino, until 1591, had been equal to ¼ of a baiocco).
	medievalcoins.ancients.info /Papal_State.htm (1927 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Saint Leo IV
		A Roman and the son of Radoald, was unanimously elected to succeed Sergius II, and as the alarming attack of the Saracens on Rome in 846 caused the people to fear for the safety of the city, he was consecrated (10 April, 847) without the consent of the emperor.
		His pious behaviour attracted the notice of Gregory IV, who made him a subdeacon; and he was created Cardinal-Priest of the church of the Quatuor Coronati by Sergius II.
		Ignatius accordingly caused him to be deposed, and begged the pope to confirm the deposition.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09159a.htm (1037 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		Gregory, Sylvester, and Benedict were all pushed aside by the Emperor Henry III, who installed Clement II (1046).
		Their status as Electors was confirmed in the Golden Bull of the Emperor Charles IV in 1356.
		Patriarch Mar Shimun IV Bassidi ruled (c.1450) that his office would only pass to members of his own family -- in practical terms to a nephew, since the Patriarch was celibate.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gregory's first project was for television producer Al Masini, which helped lift Gregory Design off the ground in 1995.
		Gregory is one of a growing number of businesses nationwide that don't have employees, according to a report released yesterday by the U.S. Commerce Department's Census Bureau.
		Gregory said he likes to treat every project as if it's his only project.
	starbulletin.com /2001/07/26/business/story3.html (322 words)

	Eastern Patriarchates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The synod rejected the candidate of the King Chosroes II and elected Gregory instead.
		When this Catholicos Gregory died in 608/9 the royal physician Gabriel of Shiggar suggested Henana of Adiabene, a theologian whose ideas approached those of the Council of Chalcedon.
		Patriarch Mar Shimun IV Bassidi ruled that his office would only pass to members of his own family (to a nephew, since the Patriarch was celibate).
	www.hostkingdom.net /orthodox.html (1948 words)

	Pope Gregory IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pope Gregory IV This is a beta version of NNDB
		Gregory IV, Roman Catholic Pope from 827 to 844, was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor in the most unequivocal manner.
		His name is chiefly associated with the quarrels between Lothair and Louis the Pious, in which he espoused the cause of the former, for whom, in the Campus Mendacii (Lügenfeld, field of lies), as it is usually called (833), he secured by his treachery a temporary advantage.
	www.nndb.com /people/114/000094829 (137 words)

	Letter of Gregory VII to Henry IV, December 1073
		Gregory, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to Henry, the king, greeting and apostolic benediction — that is, if he shall prove obedient to the apostolic see as a Christian king should.
		We have sent you our apostolic benediction with some hesitation, knowing that we must render account to God, the severe judge, for all our acts as pope.
		Given at Rome, the 6th of the Ides of January, the 14th indiction.
	rbsche.people.wm.edu /H111_doc_gregoryviitohenryiv.html (635 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory IV Updated 92 days 3 hours 21 minutes ago.
		Events Succession of Pope Valentine, then Pope Gregory IV.
		Houses on a canal, Colmar Location within France Colmar is a city and commune in the Haut-Rhin dÃ©partement of Alsace, France.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Gregory-IV (896 words)

	Investiture Conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gregory VII proposes crusade to Henry IV Henry IV defeats Saxons
		Gregory VII threatens to depose and excommunicate Henry IV Henry IV condemns Gregory VII
		Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV Gregory VII deposes Henry
	medieval.ucdavis.edu /20B/Investiture.html (224 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		1471-1484: SIXTUS IV Born in 1414 at Celle near Savona as Francesco della Rovere.
		Born in 1432 at Genoa as Giovanni Battista Cibó.
		1559-1565: PIUS IV Born in 1499 at Milan as Giovanni Angelo Medici.
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/vt/avtxt.html (2208 words)

	Chapter IV: The Fight Over 'The Playboy'.
		CHAPTER IV WHEN Synge's Shadow of the Glen was first played in the Molesworth Hall in 1903, some attacks were made on it by the Sinn Fein weekly newspaper.
		Synge was accused of having borrowed the story from another country, from "a decadent Roman source, " the story of the widow of Ephesus, and given it an Irish dress.
		But a little later, in New York, one of the younger Yale professors came round during the plays to the little sitting-room at the side of the stage at the Maxine Elliott Theatre where I received friends.
	www.online-books.library.upenn.edu /women/gregory/theatre/chapter-IV.html (1580 words)

	[No title]
		Gregory of Tours, the famous historian of the Franks, even credits Fabian with starting the evangelization of Gaul.
		This is manifestly false because the Church existed in Gaul before the time of Fabian, but it is probable enough that he did something for the Gallic Church.
		Fabian's activity has been noted; and at the same time Gregory, the wonder-worker, bishop of Neo-Caesarea, Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, the great Origen, and others were writing to create Christian literature.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHRIST/POPES.TXT (22289 words)

	The Papacy - A Historical Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		1032 - 1046 A.D. - Benedict IX, Silvester III, Benedict IX, Gregory VI - Clement II, Benedict IX, Damasus II, St. Leo IX - Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicholas II, Alexander II - St. Gregory VII, Bl.
		Eugene III, Anastasius IV - Hadrian IV, Alexander III, Lucius III, Urban III
		1187 - 1198 A.D. - Gregory VIII, Clement III, Celestine IIII
	www.mgr.org /PapalIndex.html (1088 words)

	The Very Best Books : Gregory IV: Fat Boy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the first three books which consisted of pure sublime Gregory in a cell with an imaginary rat, Gregory is moved out to live with a family.
		This is my favourite of the Gregory books as he takes back stage to the family around him.
		Well worth a read, but get at least one of the earlier Gregory books first to understand quite how not on this planet Gregory is.
	www.elise.com /store/1563891158/Gregory_IV_Fat_Boy.html (94 words)

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