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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory IX
		Gregory IX distrusted the advances of the emperor, especially since Rainald, the imperial Governor of Spoleto, had invaded the Pontifical States during the emperor's absence.
		Cardinal Otto of San Nicolo, whom Gregory IX had sent to Germany to publish the emperor's excommunication, was entirely unsuccessful, because Frederick's son Henry, his representative in Germany, forbade the bishops and abbots to appear at the synods which the cardinal attempted to convene.
		Gregory IX commissioned William of Auvergne and other learned men to purge the works of Aristotle of their errors and thus made them again accessible to students.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06796a.htm (3001 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Papal Decretals
		Of the 1971 chapters which the Decretals of Gregory IX contain, 1771 are taken from the "Quinque compilationes antiquæ", 191 are due to Gregory IX himself, 7 are taken from decretals of Innocent III not inserted in the former collections, and 2 are of unknown origin.
		Gregory IX sent this new collection to the Universities of Bologna and Paris, and, as already stated, declared, by the Bull "Rex pacificus" of 5 September, 1234, that this compilation was the official code of the canon law.
		The decretals of the successors of Gregory IX were also arranged in collections, of which several were official, notably those of Innocent IV, Gregory X, and Nicholas III, who ordered their decretals to be inserted among those of Gregory IX.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04670b.htm (2309 words)

	Biography – Pope Gregory IX – The Papal Library
		Abandoned by a part of his guards, Gregory IX was compelled to retire hastily from Rome to Rieti, a city of his own States, whence he repaired to Spoleto, and finally to Assisi.
		Pope Gregory addressed this collection to the doctors and scholars of Bologna, by a letter in which he said that he had published in one book the constitutions of his predecessors, previously dispersed through many volumes, and that he had done this to avoid the confusion arising from their resemblance and their apparent contradiction.
		Gregory addressed a letter to several prelates, in which he said that the crusaders ought to war against the infidels in the fear of God, purity of heart, and charity; and that, although our Lord excludes no one from baptism, he shows mercy to whom he will.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/Papal_Library/GregoryIX/biography.html (3952 words)

	Gregory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory is a common masculine first name and family name.
		The associations with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock is part of the reason that the name has been popular with monks, priests and popes.
		Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male name in the 1950s and has remained popular since.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gregory (266 words)

	Gregory IX (d. 1241) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gregory promulgated the Decretals in 1234, a code of canon law that remained the fundamental source of ecclesiastical law for the Catholic Church until after World War I. Ugo, nephew of Pope Innocent III.
		The truce between Gregory and Friedrich II was severely strained in 1235 by imperial accusations that the Pope had been working with the Lombards of northern Italy to undermine imperial influence.
		Gregory accused Frederick of crimes against the church in the Kingdom of Sicily and labelled him a blasphemer.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopeGregory-IX/PopeGregory-IX.html (1021 words)

	POPE GREGORY IX FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Gregory began his pontificate by suspending the emperor, then lying sick at Otranto, for dilatoriness in carrying out the promised Sixth_Crusade.
		Gregory denounced Frederick as a heretic and summoned a council at Rome to give point to his anathema, at which Frederick attempted to capture or sink as many ships carrying prelates to the synod as he could.
		Gregory died before events could reach their climax; it was his successor, aptly named Innocent IV who declared a crusade in 1245 that would finish the Hohenstaufen threat.
	www.palfacts.com /Pope_Gregory_IX (512 words)

	Gregory IX. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gregory died at 98 when Frederick was about to attack the city.
		Gregory ordered the first complete and authoritative collection of papal decretals, the Corpus Iuris Canonici, which remained a fundamental source of canon law until the promulagtion of the Codex Iuris Canonici in 1917.
		Gregory IX organized (1233) the Inquisition and gave special responsibility for it to the Dominicans.
	www.bartleby.com /65/gr/Gregory9.html (239 words)

	A Roman Diary, by T.A. Lacey
		Gregory IX, whether he meant it or not, whether he knew it or not, laid down a dogmatic definition which excludes the possibility of valid ordinations in the Greek Church.
		The decision of Gregory IX was thus robbed of all lasting effect.
		Christendom was spared this further evil, because a decretal epistle of Gregory IX lay forgotten in the registers of the Vatican.
	justus.anglican.org /resources/pc/england/lacey/diary/12.html (1804 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The reign of Gregory IX (1227-1241) was marked by conflict between the pope and Emperor Frederick II.
		The nephew of Innocent III, Ugolino de Segni was born in Agnani and studied at Paris.
		Although Frederick led the Fifth Crusade (1228-1229), the pope was reluctant to reconcile with the emperor and readmit him to communion.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/gregoryix.html (168 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Gregory IX
		Gregory supported the Dominicans, and conducted the funeral services for Saint Dominic.
		Assisted King Louis IX to suppress the heretical Albigensians in France, and supported any attempt to turn heretics over to civil authorities.
		Gregory appointed fourteen cardinals during his papacy including the men who would later be Pope Innocent IV and Pope Alexander IV.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0178.htm (480 words)

	Footnotes
		But, whatever the cause, Gregory before long received the startling intelligence that not only had the election of Honoratus, confirmed by himself, been set aside, but that another candidate, one Maximus, had been actually ordained under the alleged authority of an order from the Emperor.
		67), Gregory says that Maximus, having failed to influence "the greater powers of the world" in his behalf, had betaken himself to the lesser ones, and implies that it was to their intercession that the concession he was prepared to make was due.
		For Gregory was in correspondence with him, and most anxious to secure his co-operation, in the reconciliation to the Roman Church of the Istrian bishops, who had so far been out of communion with Rome in the matter of "the Three Chapters" and was therefore likely to wish to oblige him.
	www.bible.ca /history/fathers/NPNF2-12/footnote/fn53.htm (1580 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049-1294. (ii.viii.ii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gregory was not without his own troubles at Rome, from which he was compelled to flee and seek refuse at Perugia.
		Gregory went further than words and offered to the count of Artois the imperial crown, which at the instance of his brother, Louis IX.
		Frederick was equal to the emergency, and with the aid of his son Enzio checkmated the pope by a manoeuvre which, serious as it was for Gregory, cannot fail to appeal to the sense of the ludicrous.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc5.ii.viii.ii.html (1762 words)

	William of Modena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s.
		Before 1227, only Christian's own Cistercian order had assisted Christian in his fortified eastern missions; but with the arrival of the Teutonic Knights, the Dominicans, who were favored by the order and by Pope Gregory IX, took a strong foothold in Prussia, while Christian and his Cistercians were thrown into the background.
		William of Modena, who had been appointed papal legate for Prussia, disregarded the rights of Christian, who had the misfortune to be captured by the pagan Prussians and held for ransom (1233-39), and proceeded in his absence appointed another Bishop of Prussia.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/William_of_Modena (1037 words)

	Popes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gregory IX Ugolino de' Conti, son of the Count of Segni and a grandnephew of Innocent III, was born at Anagni.
		Very much the man of his age, Gregory IX climaxed a century of resentment against the antisocial Albigensians by starting the papal inquisition.
		Gregory's vision was not limited by the West.
	www.wga.hu /database/glossary/popes/gregor09.html (550 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of November 17
		Gregory of Tours is remembered chiefly as an historian of the Franks, but his feast day as a saint is celebrated at Tours and in some other French dioceses.
		Gregory rebuilt the cathedral and several churches, converted heretics, and was known for his ability, justice, charity, and religious fervor.
		Gregory formed a library from which Venantius Fortunatus did not disdain to borrow; all his writing was done after he became bishop, a sufficiently remarkable performance seeing that bad health was added to his episcopal labors (Attwater, Benedictines, Delaney, Encyclopedia).
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/1117.htm (8212 words)

	Gregory I (from Gregory, popes) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		More results on "Gregory I (from Gregory, popes)" when you join.
		Widely acknowledged as the finest tap dancer of his generation, Gregory Hines was noted for his virtuosity and expressive style and was credited with having modernized the form.
		It was commissioned by pope Gregory IX and was completed by 1230, just four years after Francis' death and two years after his canonization.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-201769?tocId=201769&ct=null (940 words)

	Pre-Inquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the decretals of Gregory IX., a heretic is defined to be a man "who, in whatever way, or by whatever vain argument, is led away and dissents from the orthodox faith and Catholic religion which is professed by the Church of Rome."...
		Medieval Inquisition, authorized by 'pope' Gregory IX in 1231.
		Medieval Inquisition which was established in 1231 by the decree of 'pope' Gregory IX.
	papacyuncovered.homestead.com /files/Inquisition/1._Pre-Inquisition.htm (3305 words)

	The Papacy - A Historical Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was elected on January 20, 1045 and was dethroned on February 10: 20 days later by the earls of Tuscolo, when Benedict IX came back to Rome.
		After two months of struggle, Benedict IX came back to the papal seat to which he was entitled but he left it once again twenty days later in favour of Gregory VI; after receiving a large sum of money.
		GREGORY VI : 1045-1046 A.D. Born in Rome.
	www.mgr.org /1032-1046.html (324 words)

	Gregory IX on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The crusades of St Louis.(King Louis IX of France)(includes bibliography)
		Lightbridge Appoints Gregory Crowley as Vice President of Corporate Development to Lead Strategic Initiatives for Lightbridge.
		Gregory VII and the Politics of the Spirit.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Gregory9.asp (504 words)

	Gregory, popes -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Of these the three who made the greatest impact on their times and in the church they served were St. Gregory I the Great, St. Gregory VII, and Gregory IX.
		As the fourth and final of the traditional Latin “Fathers of the Church,” Gregory was the first exponent of a truly medieval, sacramental spirituality.
		Gregory, Wilton D. American Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia (from 2005).
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9274661?tocId=9274661 (645 words)

	Sources: life of St. Clare 3
		It was probably during the ceremonies marking the canonisation of St. Francis, on 16 July 1226, that Gregory addressed this letter to Clare, calling her by the title of Abbess, and indicating the Poor Ladies as a community of Enclosed Nuns.
		Gregory IX was to make him Cardinal Protector of the Poor Ladies.
		Clare was thus assured of the Church's official recognition of her radical choice of evangelical poverty, even though Gregory IX did not always fully understand the concrete implications of this document, and granted exemptions to other monasteries which tried to follow the form of life of the Poor Ladies of San Damiano.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/fra/FRAsrc03.html (1674 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Pope Gregory IX; Ugolino, Count of Segni
		Against Gregory's wish Frederick sailed for the Holy Land, and defeated the papal army in Sicily on his return.
		Gregory allied himself with the Lombards, Tuscans, and Umbrians in vain.
		The pope summoned a general council to meet at Rome, which was prevented by Frederick who encamped about the city, and by the death of Gregory.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd03730.htm (221 words)

	AllRefer.com - Gregory IX (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		AllRefer.com - Gregory IX (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		Gregory IX 1143?–1241, pope (1227–41), an Italian named Ugolino di Segni, b.
		As cardinal under his uncle, Innocent III, he became, at St. Francis' request, the first cardinal protector of the Franciscans.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gregory9.html (320 words)

	inquisition history
		In I231 Pope Gregory IX appointed a number of Papal Inquisitors (Inquisitores haereticae pravitatis), mostly Dominicans and Franciscans, for the various countries of Europe.
		The inquisition was thus regularly established; but in the course of time more or less important changes were made in its mode of procedure.
		Pope Gregory IX was opposed to torture, but Innocent IV approved its use for the discovery of heresy, and Urban IV confirmed this usage, which like the death penalty for heresy, had its origin in the Roman Law.
	biblia.com /islam/inquisit..htm (2427 words)

	Gregory IX Approving the Decretals by RAFFAELLO Sanzio
		This scene is based on a dedication picture of the kind often found in manuscript illumination.
		What is unusual is that Pope Julius II allowed himself to be portrayed as Pope Gregory IX.
		His beard helps the dating of the fresco since it is known that after the autumn of 1511 he never shaved again.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /html/r/raphael/4stanze/1segnatu/4/6gregor.html (111 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Gregory IX
		Gregory IX (circa 1147?-1241), pope (1227-41), who founded the Inquisition.
		The title of Pope is given to the bishop of Rome who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Gregory_IX.html (94 words)

	Gregory IX Biography / Biography of Gregory IX Biography Biography
		During his relatively short tenure as pope, Gregory IX (ca.
		Get the complete Gregory IX Biography—6 pages in all.
		Each Biography is written by a biographical expert or professional educator and is a complete resource on the individual.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gregory-ix/index.html (237 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
		Benedict is said to have been alive when Leo IX died, and continued his attempts to seize the papacy, others says that he resigned the pontificate and died in penitence
		In 1156, he refused Henry II's request that Ireland should be granted to the English crown, but granted Henry the feudal lordship of Ireland with the Pope as overlord.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/kk_617.html (2706 words)

	THE DECRETALS ISSUED GREGORY IX TO THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		THE DECRETALS ISSUED GREGORY IX TO THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS.
		Decretum and decretals were the chief texts lectured upon in canon law.
		Gregory IX herewith publishes an official collection of the decretals in five books drawn up by his chaplain, Raymond of Penãfort.
	medieval.ucdavis.edu /120B/Decretals.html (341 words)

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