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Topic: Gregory VIII

	Pope Gregory VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gregory was a well-educated Beneventan noble, and a Cistercian monk at a young age.
		In 1172 as papal legate he attended the council of Avranches, which absolved Henry II of England from the guilt of the murder of Thomas a Becket.
		Gregory did not live to see the crusade, as he died of fever on December 17 of the same year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Gregory_VIII (184 words)

	Biography – Pope Gregory VIII – The Papal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was the last cardinal who bore the title of chancellor, for when Gregory VIII was pope that charge was given to Moses, canon of Lateran, with the specification taht he should only take the title of vice-chancellor.
		Gregory VIII, learning that there were some disputes between the republics of Pisa and Genoa, went to the former city to encourage its government to commence arming against the Saracens.
		Gregory, being attacked by fever at Pisa, died there on the 17th of December 1187, and was interred in the cathedral.
	www.saint-mike.org /library/Papal_Library/GregoryVIII/Biography.html (449 words)

	Pope Gregory VII - Sketches of Church History
		Another thing an which Gregory set his heart, as a means of increasing the power of the popes, was to do away with what was called "Investiture." This was the name of the form by which princes gave bishops possession of the estates and other property belonging to their sees.
		Gregory, therefore, ordered that no bishop should take investiture from any sovereign, and that no sovereign should give investiture; and out of this grew a quarrel which lasted fifty years, and was the cause of grievous troubles in the Church.
		Gregory entreated the help of Robert Guiscard, the chief of some Normans who had got possession of the south of Italy; and Guiscard, who was glad to have such an opportunity for interfering, speedily came to his relief and delivered him.
	bible.christiansunite.com /sch/sch02-08.shtml (1697 words)

	Antipope Gregory VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gelasius, at Capua, proceeded to excommunicate both Gregory and Henry (April 7).
		After Gelasius' death, when Callixtus II had been elected Pope in 1119, Henry was induced to change papal allegiance, in the Concordat of Worms of 1122.
		Callixtus entered Rome, and Gregory left, going to Sutri, where he was in April 1121, when papal troops of Callixtus closed up the city for eight days until its citizens surrendered Antipope Gregory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antipope_Gregory_VIII (437 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Gregory VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla.
		Audita tremendi was a papal bull written by Pope Gregory VIII in October of 1187, calling for the Third Crusade.
		The Third Crusade (1189 - 1192) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Gregory-VIII (734 words)

	January 6: HISTORY (jan6his.htm)
		Pope Gregory VIII was only Pope for less than three months, but in this short span of time he was able to bring stability to the papacy, reconcile with the powerful German king and emperor Frederick Barbarossa convincing him to lead the Third Crusade in the aftermath of the disaster of Jerusalem.
		While Gregory VIII’s legacy is for launching the Third Crusade, he was first and foremost a peacemaker whose philosophy was that the only way to defeat the Saracen threat in the Mid East was through a unified Christian world.
		Gregory had realized all of Christian Europe needed to be united in a cause and time was of the essence.
	www.dailycatholic.org /issue/jan6his.htm (1136 words)

	Medieval Transformation
		Yet, Gregory proved that the weapon of excommunication was powerful enough in practice to release subjects from obedience to their sovereign.
		Gregory VII, "The Roman Lenten synod of 1076: Excommunication of Henry IV." The Correspondence of Gregory VII, 90-91.
		Gregory VII, "Excommunication of Henry IV." The Correspondence of Gregory VII, 149-152.
	www.geocities.com /orccflorida/history/medtrans.html (6117 words)

	Gregory, popes -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Of these the three who made the greatest impact on their times and in the church they served were St. Gregory I the Great, St. Gregory VII, and Gregory IX.
		As the fourth and final of the traditional Latin “Fathers of the Church,” Gregory was the first exponent of a truly medieval, sacramental spirituality.
		Gregory, Wilton D. American Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia (from 2005).
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9274661?tocId=9274661 (596 words)

	The Greogory Family Page
		LABANN6 GREGORY (BRY5, THOMAS B.4, JOHN3 MAGRIGGO, DANIEL2 MACGREGOR, 16721) was born 1789 in Chatham Co. NC, and died November 13, 1849 in Crawford Co. IN.
		TAPLEY6 GREGORY (BRY5, THOMAS B.4, JOHN3 MAGRIGGO, DANIEL2 MACGREGOR, 16721) was born November 15, 1793 in Sumner Co. TN, and died August 11, 1857 in McMinn Co. TN.
		AMBROSE6 GREGORY (BRY5, THOMAS B.4, JOHN3 MAGRIGGO, DANIEL2 MACGREGOR, 16721) was born 1794 in Sumner Co. TN, and died 1827 in Smith Co. TN.
	home.nc.rr.com /familyforest/gregory.html (3787 words)

	List of the Roman Pontiffs
		VIII was an antipope whose number was re-used.
		His brief putative pontificate occurred in the middle of that of Gregory XII, successor of Urban VI at Rome.
		Whether Gregory VI and Clement II were true popes depends on whether the second abdication of Benedict IX was valid, or null owing to force
	www.sedevacantist.org /pontiffs.html (652 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory were deposed at the Council of Sutri (1046) and a German bishop (Suidger) became Pope Clement II.
		In 1156, he refused Henry II's request that Ireland should be granted to the English crown, but granted Henry the feudal lordship of Ireland with the Pope as overlord.
		In 1302, they were dissolved and dispersed by his successor, Boniface VIII.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/kk_617.html (2706 words)

	The Ecole Initiative: Topical Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gregory (Senior), Bishop of Nazianzen and father of the Theologian, (IV Century):
		Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, Cappadocian theologian, (IV Century):
		Gregory the Sinaite, Theologian of Hesychasm, (XIII/XIV Centuries):
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/oG.html (177 words)

	Gregorian Calendar Life of Christ Age of Aquarius
		By the time of Pope Gregory VIII, in the late 16th century, the deviation, according to their calculations, amounted to 10 days.
		Gregory then promulgated an edict establishing that 3 days would be dropped from the calendar every 400 years, thus correcting the discrepancy between the Julian calendar and the solar year.
		We compensate, somewhat, for this situation by not (usually) including the turn of the century as a leap year (2000 was an exception to this rule).
	www.templeofsolomon.org /chrono.htg/chrono.htm (5608 words)

	The Papacy - A Historical Perspective
		1032 - 1046 A.D. - Benedict IX, Silvester III, Benedict IX, Gregory VI - Clement II, Benedict IX, Damasus II, St. Leo IX - Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicholas II, Alexander II - St. Gregory VII, Bl.
		1187 - 1198 A.D. - Gregory VIII, Clement III, Celestine IIII
		1362 - 1389 A.D. Urban V, Gregory XI, Urban VI
	www.mgr.org /PapalIndex.html (1088 words)

	webGED: The Bement Family Data Page
		Henry was accordingly excommunicated by Paschal's successor, Pope Gelasius II (reigned 1118-19).
		By the Concordat of Worms in 1122 he established a compromise on investiture with the papacy, abandoning the antipope Gregory VIII; he was then reinstated in the communion of the church, but retained the right to appoint church officials.
		Henry VIII (1491-1547), king of England (1509-1547), and founder of the Church of England.
	www.bementfamily.com /webged/bement.wbg/wga32.html (6185 words)

	[No title]
		Anti-Popes were illegitimate claimants of or pretenders to the papal throne.
		Urban II 1099 Paschal II 1100* Theodoric 1102* Albert 1105* Sylvester IV 1118 Gelasius II 1118* Gregory VIII 1119 Callistus II 1124 Honorius II 1124* Celestine II 1130 Innocent II 1130* Anacletus II 1138* Victor IV 1143 Celestine II 1144 Lucius II 1145 Bl.
		Innocent V 1276 Adrian V 1276 John XXI 1277 Nicholas III 1281 Martin IV 1285 Honorius IV 1288 Nicholas IV 1294 St. Celestine V 1294 Boniface VIII 1303 Bl.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /~shartley/popes.txt (484 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		996-999: GREGORY V (Gregorius V) 1003: JOHN XVII (Ioannes XVII)
		1271-1276: GREGORY X (Gregorius X) 1276: INNOCENT V (Innocentius V) 1276: HADRIAN V (Hadrianus V) 1276-1277: JOHN XXI (Ioannes XXI)
		1294: CELESTINE V (Caelestinus V) Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
	homepage.mac.com /crowns/vt/avtxt.html (2208 words)

	Apostolic Succession
		(83) Athanasius VII, 1139; (84) Michael I, 1167; (85) Athanasius VIII, 1200; (86) Michael II, 1207; (87) John X, 1208; (88) Ignatius III, 1223; (89) Dionysius VII, 1253; (90) John XI, 1253; (91) Ignatius IV, 1264; (92) Philanus, 1283; (93) Ignatius Baruhid, 1293;
		(238) In 1655, Antonio Barberini, nephew of Urban VIII, was consecrated to the Episcopate under authority of the Bishop of Rome, by Bishops Scanarello, Bottini and Govotti.
		He was Archbishop of Remes 1657 untill his deat in 1671, and was made a Cardinal.
	www.continet.com /culdee/ap.html (1426 words)

	Gregory VIII, [Alberto de Morra], Italian Pope (1187), dies December 17 in History
		Gregory VIII, [Alberto de Morra], Italian Pope (1187), dies December 17 in History
		Gregory VIII, [Alberto de Morra], Italian Pope (1187), dies
		Forgive, O Lord, my little jokes on Thee, and I'll forgive Thy great big joke on me. - Robert Frost Quotations
	www.brainyhistory.com /events/1187/december_17_1187_31440.html (56 words)

	Popes Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		1045 Benedict IX Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IX Damasus II St. Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX (X) Benedict X
		1059 Nicholas II Alexander II Honorius II St. Gregory VII
		1227 Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X
	www.sdadefend.com /popes_chronology.htm (303 words)

	List of Popes
		.258 St. Gregory II....731 Victor II........1057 St. Dionysius.....268 St. Gregory III...741 Stephen IX.......1058 St. Felix I,m.
		.....296 St. Paul I........767 St. Gregory VII..1085 St. Marcellinus,m.304 Stephen III (IV)..772 Bl.
		.537 Stephen VII (VIII)931 Nicholas III.....1280 Vigilius..........555 John XI...........935 Martin IV........1285 Pelagius I........561 Leo VII...........939 Honorius IV......1287 John III..........574 Stephen VIII (IX).942 Nicholas IV......1292 Benedict I........579 Marinus II........946 St. Celestine V..1294 Pelagius II.......590 Agapitus II.......955 Boniface VIII....1303 St. Gregory I (the John XII..........964 Bl.
	www.geocities.com /francischinchoy/popelist.html (360 words)

	Vatican City State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		827-844 Gregory IV 844-847 Sergius II 847-855 Leo IV 855-858 Benedict III
		1045-1046 Gregory VI 1046-1047 Clement II 1047-1048 Benedict IX (Restored)
		1370-1378 Gregory XI 1378-1389 Urban VI 1389-1404 Boniface IX 1404-1406 Innocent VII
	www.innvista.com /society/government/leaders/europe/va.htm (249 words)

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