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	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zinoviev was a member of the Bolshevik faction from its creation in 1903, and one of Lenin 's closest associates.
		When it came to real action, Zinoviev shrank from the proposed revolutionary coup and on October 10, 1917, he and Kamenev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against Lenin on the issue of staging the armed action which was to place the Bolsheviks in power.
		Zinoviev is remembered in Britain as the putative author of the ' Zinoviev Letter ' which caused a sensation when published on October 25, 1924, four days before a general election.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gregory_Zinoviev (414 words)

	Gregory Zinoviev
		Gregory Zinoviev was born in Yelizavetgrad, Ukraine, Russia on 23rd September, 1883.
		In 1912 Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and Vladimir Lenin moved to Krakow in Galicia to be closer to Russia.
		Zinoviev reached the peak of his power in 1923 when with Joseph Stalin and Lev Kamenev became one of the Triumvirate that planned to take over from Vladimir Lenin when he died.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSzinoviev.htm (2331 words)

	Victor Serge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soon afterwards he was employed by Gregory Zinoviev who had been appointed as President of the Executive of the Third International.
		Later Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev joined in the struggle against Joseph Stalin.
		Serge was an outspoken critic of the authoritarian way that Joseph Stalin governed the country and is believed to be the first writer to describe the Soviet government as " totalitarian ".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Victor_Serge (1039 words)

	Education Design
		Gregory Zinoviev, was elected chairman of the Comintern.
		Zinoviev was replaced by Nickolai Bukharin but he was dismissed in 1928 and Stalin, as General Secretary of the Communist Party, became the head of Comintern.
		Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev united behind Stalin and accused Trotsky of creating divisions in the party.
	www.educationdesign.com.ar /Resources/russia/02.htm (1057 words)

	Moscow Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first trial was of 16 members of the so-called "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre," held in August 1936, at which the chief defendants were Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, two of the most prominent former party leaders.
		Zinoviev and Kamenev demanded as a condition for "confessing" a direct guarantee from the Politburo that their lives and that of their families would be spared.
		The first trial was held from August 19 to August 24, 1936 ; the principal defendants were Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Trials (1468 words)

	[No title]
		In 1912 Kamenev, HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSzinoviev.htm" Gregory Zinoviev and HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm" Vladimir Lenin moved to Krakow in Galicia to be closer to Russia.
		In 1912 Zinoviev, HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSkamenev.htm" Lev Kamenev and HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm" Vladimir Lenin moved to Krakow in Galicia to be closer to Russia.
		Zinoviev reached the peak of his power in 1923 when with HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSstalin.htm" Joseph Stalin and HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSkamenev.htm" Lev Kamenev became one of the Triumvirate that planned to take over from HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm" Vladimir Lenin when he died.
	ouray.cudenver.edu /~ditaylor/personalities.doc (8018 words)

	60 years since the Dewey Commission
		Whereas in the trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev, the leaders of the alleged "Trotskyite conspiracy" were said to have been motivated solely by a personal lust for power, in the trial of Radek and Piatakov the accused were charged with plotting in alliance with Germany and Japan to dismember the Soviet Union and restore capitalism.
		The chief defendants of the first trial, Zinoviev and Kamenev, demanded as a condition for confessing a direct guarantee from the Politburo that their lives and that of their families and comrades would be spared.
		The trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev evoked wide distrust in the workers movement and among sections of the intelligentsia.
	www.wsws.org /history/1997/may1997/dewey.shtml (6675 words)

	Gregory Zinoviev
		From this time on Zinoviev and Kamenev were always closely associated.
		Zinoviev remarked in 1926 that their mistake in supporting Stalin against Trotsky in 1923 was even greater than their mistake in 1917.
		Trotsky in turn later remarked that their error in capitulating to Stalin in 1928 was even worse, since in doing so they showed the way for younger, less authoritative Bolsheviks.
	members.fortunecity.com /stalinmao/Soviet/Zinoviev/Zinoviev.html (257 words)

	AllRefer.com - Comintern (International Organizations) - Encyclopedia
		The delegates to the first congress were mainly Russians, with some members of left-wing socialist splinter groups who happened to be in the Soviet Union and one German (who abstained on the crucial vote of establishing the organization).
		Gregory Zinoviev was the first president of the Comintern.
		The second congress laid down (1920) the "Twenty-one Conditions" for membership, firmly establishing a differentiation between the socialist parties and the Communist parties.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Cominter.html (327 words)

	Trotsky photo album (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trotsky is seated second from the left; to his left is Yakov Sverdlov, then Gregory Zinoviev and Mikhail Lashevich.
		The three Opposition leaders: Zinoviev, Kamenev and Trotsky are presented as broken down pensioners.
		He did force Zinoviev and Kamenev to confess to "moral responsibility" for this assassination in a trial in January of 1935.
	www.mit.edu /people/fjk/King/album-text.html (6726 words)

	Broadmining: Zinoviev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev was member of the Bolshevik party from its creation in 1903, and one...
		Grigory Zinoviev - TheBestLinks.com - Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev, August 2...
		An analysis of G. Zinoviev 's letter to the I.W.W. An analysis of G. Zinoviev 's letter to the I.W.W. In January 1920, G., President of the
	lowide.com /Zinoviev&t= (617 words)

	Leo Kaminev and Gregory Zinoviev by Louise Bryant
		Kaminev and Zinoviev are in his cabinet, as satellites, however, not as leaders; they are the weakest members.
		Zinoviev's position is much more important and much harder to define.
		When Zinoviev says anything clever he is not even aware of it and invariably spoils it by a second act.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bryant/works/1923-mom/kamzin.htm (941 words)

	Karl Korsch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Korsch 's stance had ramifications which were unpalatable to the official Communist Party structure - not least, casting the Party's own ideological weaknesses as the only material explanation for the failure of the revolution.
		Published in 1923, Marxism and Philosophy was bitterly attacked by Party faithful and other leftwing opinionmakers, including Karl Kautsky and Gregory Zinoviev.
		Zinoviev famously said of Korsch and his fellow critic Georg Lukacs, "If we get a few more of these Professors spinning out their theories, we shall be lost".
	www.portaljuice.com /karl_korsch.html (690 words)

	zinoviev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinovievâs reply, at the 13th Congress the next year, was to demand that Trotsky should publicly recant his viewsâ”an unheard-of demand at that time which many of Zinovievâs own...
		Lunacharsky writes about Zinoviev, from the book 'Revolutionary Silhouettes' Lunacharsky, Zinoviev, Marxism, Communism, Soviet union Â Please note: All files marked with a copyright notice are subject to...
		journalist Zinoviev is marked by the same qualities as Zinoviev the orator, namely the clarity and accessibility of his thought and a smooth and easy style, although what makes Zinoviev so...
	zinoviev.networklive.org (504 words)

	Smartass Russia
		The Comintern was the Third Communist International, and its task was to co-ordinate with all the Communists in the world to bring in the Communist revolution and destroy capitalism everywhere.
		Gregory Zinoviev: a Bolshevik who returned to Russia 1917 with Lenin and played a leading part in the Revolution.
		He was quite moderate, supported the NEP and in 1927 allied himself with Stalin to get Zinoviev and Kamenev dismissed.
	www.johndclare.net /Smartass_Russia.htm (4763 words)

	The Zinoviev Letter - the Comintern against Britain?
		It appears to be a letter from Gregory Zinoviev, head of the Comintern, to communists in Britain.
		Zinoviev, Bukharin and I believe that we ought to encourage revolution in Italy right now.
		Zinoviev claimed time and again that the victory of Communist revolution in Europe was guaranteed, and that the Red Flag would soon be flying over all continents.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/zinoviev.html (1451 words)

	stalin
		Stalin came to the conclusion that, if he could prove that Zinoviev and Kamenev and other leaders of the opposition had shed the blood of Kirov, "the beloved son of the party", a member of the Politburo, he then would be justified in demanding blood for blood.
		Stalin, with Zinoviev and Kamenev, who supported him at first, hated Trotsky, but Stalin hated him with a hatred which saw in him the chief obstacle to his power; Zinoviev and Kamenev Stalin knew he could manage.
		Zinoviev on his part feared Trotsky, but feared Stalin also.
	rahul.redapollo.org /sta.html (11574 words)

	Politics \| Scandal or smear?
		On the eve of the 1924 general election, which the incumbent Labour government under Ramsay McDonald expected to win, a letter appeared in the Daily Mail and the Times purporting to be from Gregory Zinoviev, chair of Comintern, the international communist organisation.
		The prime minister, who had recently signed a trade agreement with Russia, asked the security services to sit on the letter, but it was leaked, and the Conservatives won the 1924 election on a "red peril" scare.
		It is now thought to have been a forgery by two MI5 agents, Sidney Reilly and Arther Maundy Gregory, and leaked by a third, Joseph Ball (who went on to work for Conservative central office), as part of a larger MI5 plot to destabilise the Labour government.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4654237-111381,00.html (605 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Gregory E. Zinoviev (1883-1936) and Leo B. Kamenev (1883-1936), who in 1917 were members of the Party Central Committee, voted at this October 10, 1917 meeting against Lenin's proposal to organize an insurrection.
		Since the proposal was adopted by the Central Committee, Zinoviev and Kamenev on the following day circulated a letter to the most important Party organizations explaining the reasons for their vote.
		When the Central Committee, at a meeting on October 16, confirmed its decision to stage an insurrection, Kamenev on October 18 published an article in his own and Zinoviev's name in the newspaper Novaya Zhizn, in which he argued that an insurrection would be a grave mistake.
	www.trussel.com /hf/stalnote.htm (5373 words)

	Textos - UJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rikov, Zinoviev y Kamenev tenían veintitrés o veinticuatro cuando fueron elegidos por Congresos del Partido para formar parte de la plana mayor bolchevique.
		Zinoviev era dueño y señor en materia de agitación.
		Mientras que Kamenev, Zinoviev, Nogin y Krylenko se hallaban sentados a la mesa presidencial del Congreso, y Lenin, Zinoviev y Kamenev eran los principales oradores, Sverdlov y Stalin dirigían en silencio a la fracción bolchevique.
	www.ujs.org.ar /textos/stalin/hoja9.htm (13292 words)

	What is Imperialism? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev’s book was undoubtedly written in political collaboration, at least, with Lenin, whose exile he then shared, as may easily be seen by comparing the writings of the two men during that period.
		(As is known, Zinoviev became the first chairman of the Communist International, a past he held from its foundation until his removal by the Stalin clique in 1925-26.
		Our own differences with Zinoviev’s course during the struggle inside the Soviet Union are also a matter of record.
	www.marxistsfr.cjb.net /archive/zinoviev/works/x01/x01.htm (4283 words)

	The Age of Dictators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev were from Jewish families; Trotsky and Zinoviev’s fathers were farmers, Kamenev’s a railroad engineer.
		Kamenev and Zinoviev were always close, had difficulties with Trotsky’s “genius”.
		Bukharin tried to be pleasing to all, but ultimately failed with Kamenev and Zinoviev.
	www.users.muohio.edu /vascikgs/HST332/Ppt.htm (1462 words)

	[No title]
		Almost immediately, as the country was war-torn, the chief allies of Lenin began jockeying for position and power in the newly formed state.
		Upon Lenin’s death in 1924, Stalin manipulated an alliance with Zinoviev and Kaminev against Trotsky.
		Eventually Stalin stood supreme dictator of the USSR where Trotsky was exiled and eventually assassinated by Stalin’s troops.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?download=-1&t=25887 (2094 words)

	Revolutionary and Soviet Russia before World War II
		The leading figures in this struggle were Leon Trotsky (often considered a co-leader with Lenin in 1917-1918), Lev Kamenev and Gregory Zinoviev (old allies of Lenin's), Nicholas Bukharin (a popular young party leader), and Joseph Stalin (the head of the party's bureaucratic machinery).
		The first victims were Stalin's old opponents, Kamenev, Zinoviev, and Bukharin, who with their supporters were tried as "spies" and "enemies of the people." At the same time, the Stalin regime's efforts to combat corruption turned into a series of mass purges of party members.
		The purges and the terror came together in 1937-1938: in those years, the secret police executed tens of thousands of innocent people who had been denounced as "enemies." The terror destroyed much of the leadership of the universities and the scientific community, the army, and the government.
	facstaff.bloomu.edu /hickey/fall02westcivrevolutionary_and_soviet_russia_.htm (2378 words)

	Broadmining: Zinoviev&t= (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev conducted agitation in St. Petersburg during the 1905 revolution and was elected to the...
		Evseyevich [grigô'r yifsy 'uvich z nô'v ef] Pronunciation Key Zinoviev, Grigori Evseyevich...
		Key) Zi·nov·iev Listen: [ z -n v - f, zy -nôf y f ], Grigori Evseyevich 1883-1936.
	lowide.com /Zinoviev&t= (537 words)

	Nikita S. Khrushchev: Crimes of the Stalin Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By the time Lenin died, after several previous strokes, in January 1924, a troika or triumvirate was ruling Russia, consisting of Stalin, Leo Kamenev, head of the Moscow Party organization, and Gregory Zinoviev, head of the Petrograd party and of the Communist International.
		Consolidating his control of the Party apparatus, Stalin next defeated Zinoviev and Kamenev, who joined Trotsky in what became known as the "Left Opposition." Stalin was aided in this by Nikolai Bukharin, theoretician and editor of Pravda, Alexei Rykov, Lenin's successor as Soviet Premier, and Mikhail Tomsky, head of the Soviet trade unions; these men.
		Public trials of such Old Bolsheviks as Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin and Rykov were marked by astounding "confessions" of dastardly crimes; behind the scenes, thousands refused to yield to torture and met their deaths in silence.
	www.trussel.com /hf/stalintr.htm (1623 words)

	Comintern
		The Comintern was established to claim Communist leadership...
		Zinoviev was the first president of the Comintern.
		The Anti-Comintern Pact was concluded between Nazi-Germany and Japan on November 25th, 1936.
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=Comintern (740 words)

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