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Topic: Grey Nurse Shark

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	Greynurse Shark, Carcharias taurus
		Sharks have the same five senses as humans; taste, touch, sight, hearing and smell, but in addition have a sixth sense; electroreception.
		The underside of the Greynurse Shark's snout is dotted with pores.
		Greynurse Sharks are countershaded, the dorsal (upper) part is dark, mostly a grey to bronzy colour whereas the ventral (lower) part of the body is pale.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/students/focus/grey.htm (1388 words)

	Grey nurse shark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The grey nurse, spotted ragged-tooth or sand tiger, Carcharias taurus, is a large shark inhabiting coastal waters worldwide, with many different names in different countries in the world.
		Grey nurse sharks at the Zoomarine de Albufeira, Algarve, Portugal
		This process, also known as intrauterine cannibalism, is making it harder for the shark population to rebound from the near extinction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grey_nurse_shark (511 words)

	Nurse shark - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nurse shark is a common inshore bottom-dwelling shark, found tropical and subtropical waters on the continental and insular shelves.
		Nurse sharks have been observed resting on the bottom with their bodies supported on their fins, possibly providing a false shelter for crustaceans which they then ambush and eat.
		Nurse sharks are ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs develop and hatch within the body of the female where the hatchlings develop further until live birth occurs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nurse_shark (602 words)

	Grey Nurse Sharks - Marine Species Conservation
		The Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) also known as the sand tiger shark or spotted ragged-tooth shark, is one of four species belonging to the family Odontaspididae.
		Grey nurse sharks are often observed just above the sea bed in or near deep sandy-bottomed gutters or rocky caves, in the vicinity of inshore rocky reefs and islands.
		Grey nurse sharks have a broad inshore distribution, primarily in subtropical to cool temperate waters around the main continental landmasses.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/species/sharks/greynurse (475 words)

	Australian Society for Fish Biology » Grey nurse shark - Carcharias taurus
		The dorsal surface is grey to grey-brown, merging to off-white on the belly.
		Grey nurse sharks have a broad inshore distribution in sub-tropical to cool temperate waters around the main continental land masses, except in the eastern Pacific Ocean off North and South America.
		Grey nurse sharks are often observed hovering motionless above the seabed at depths of 15-25 m, usually in or near sand gutters or rock caves in the vicinity of inshore reefs.
	www.asfb.org.au /research/tsp/tfp_gnshark.htm (503 words)

	Grey Nurse Sharks - Marine Species Conservation
		The Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) also known as the sand tiger shark or spotted ragged-tooth shark, is one of four species belonging to the family Odontaspididae.
		Grey nurse sharks are often observed just above the sea bed in or near deep sandy-bottomed gutters or rocky caves, in the vicinity of inshore rocky reefs and islands.
		Grey nurse sharks have a broad inshore distribution, primarily in subtropical to cool temperate waters around the main continental landmasses.
	www.environment.gov.au /coasts/species/sharks/greynurse/index.html (484 words)

	Australia Acts to Save Vanishing Grey Nurse Shark
		The grey nurse shark is a large species of shark native to subtropical to cool temperate waters in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.
		Grey nurse sharks have a low rate of reproduction, which makes them very vulnerable to threatening processes and very slow to recover when their populations are reduced.
		A draft code of conduct for scuba diving with grey nurse sharks is being developed by NSW fisheries that would ban night dives in critical habitat areas, a ban on blocking cave entrances, and a ban on feeding, touching, chasing or harassing the sharks with horns or scooters.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jun2002/2002-06-28-03.asp (987 words)

	Scuba diving news from South Africa and Worldwide destinations: Grey Nurse Shark species at risk of extinction, says ...
		Grey nurse sharks are in danger of becoming extinct, according to a genetic survey of the fish in their natural habitats.
		They found that grey nurse sharks living around the Australian coast are isolated from other small groups of sharks, suggesting that their dwindling numbers will not be boosted by sharks migrating from other waters.
		Grey nurse sharks have been in rapid decline, particularly during the 60s and 70s, when they were hunted for sport using explosives.
	divesouthafrica.blogspot.com /2006/03/grey-nurse-shark-species-at-risk-of.html (615 words)

	Sharks in Australian waters - Marine Species Conservation
		Sharks are primarily oceanic and are widespread in tropical to temperate zones.
		The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and the megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios)strain enormous quantities of plankton from the water on gill rakers.
		Mating in sharks is facilitated by the clasper organs of males, which are inserted into the female's cloaca during courtship.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/species/sharks (1114 words)

	Underwater photography of a Nurse Shark Ginglymostoma cirratum shark cage diving
		Nurse sharks, Ginglymostoma cirratum, are sluggish bottom dwellers, congregating in large schools on the sea floor.
		Nurse sharks are distinguished by fleshy appendages resembling fangs that hang below their nose and provide a sense of touch that helps nurse sharks to locate food on the bottom of the ocean floor.
		Nurse sharks are not usually dangerous, but the will clamp a viselike hold on unwary molesters - such as people who grab a nurse's tail hoping for an underwater ride.
	www.brunsonimages.com /gallery/Sharks/nurse_shark_23.html (236 words)

	Sand Shark. The sand shark or 'grey nurse shark' detailed information and pictures.
		The sand shark or 'grey nurse shark' is one of at least four species belonging to the family Odontaspididae.
		The recognized FAO common name for this species is the sand tiger shark, but it is also known as the grey nurse shark in Australia and the spotted raggedtooth shark in southern African waters.
		The eggs of the sand shark are hatched within the parent and are retained there until the resultant young are ready for independent existence, but there is no placental connection between mother and developing embryo.
	www.maneatingsharks.com /Sand_Shark.htm (668 words)

	Carcharias taurus, grey nurse shark
		Grey nurse sharks will come quite close to divers, without paying much attention to them; they seem quite aloof, just minding their own business.
		Grey nurse sharks are by no means at the top of the food chain.
		Shark pups are born able to fend for themselves and the adults show little parental care.
	www.julianrocks.net /sharks/CarchariasTaurus.htm (746 words)

	ACF - About The Grey Nurse Shark (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Australia Grey Nurse Sharks, Carcharias taurus, are found in inshore coastal waters off NSW and southern Qld and south-west WA.
		Grey Nurse Sharks feed on reef fish including pilchards, mulloway, snappers, tailor, bonito, morays, blue groper, sea mullet, wrasses, flatheads, yellowtail kingfish, small and juvenile sharks, as well as squid and possibly some crustaceans.
		In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Grey Nurse Sharks were fished for their flesh (for human consumption), liver (for the oil that powered Sydney's streetlamps) and skin (for leather and sandpaper).
	www.acfonline.org.au /news.asp?news_id=363 (401 words)

	Australia's Newest Marine Reserve Safeguards Sharks
		Historically, due to their fierce appearance and being mistaken for other sharks that pose a danger to humans, large numbers of grey nurse sharks were killed by recreational spear and line fishers and in shark control programs, particularly in southeastern Australia.
		The greatest threat to the grey nurse shark is from fishing and accidental hooking, and shark finning.
		Grey nurse sharks are often hooked by fishermen although they are not a target species.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/may2007/2007-05-11-01.asp (869 words)

	Sharks in Australian waters - Marine Species Conservation
		Sharks are primarily oceanic and are widespread in tropical to temperate zones.
		The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and the megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios)strain enormous quantities of plankton from the water on gill rakers.
		Mating in sharks is facilitated by the clasper organs of males, which are inserted into the female's cloaca during courtship.
	www.environment.gov.au /coasts/species/sharks (1068 words)

	Protecting our Grey Nurse - the giant puppy dogs of the ocean
		The grey nurse shark Carcharias taurus is a species found worldwide and is known in the US as the sand tiger shark and in Africa as the spotted ragged-tooth shark.
		As part of the grey nurse shark research program, scientists have initiated a tagging program to gain a better understanding of their migration patterns and to provide a better estimate of their absolute abundance in Australian waters.
		Sharks are caught by divers using a baited barbless hook, which is then taken to the surface where it is placed in a sling along the side of a boat.
	www.daveharasti.com /articles/greynursesharks.htm (1415 words)

	Protecting the grey nurse shark; an information paper
		Grey nurse shark aggregation sites have been found at least four sites in Queensland, all of which are in the south-east.
		In 1984, the grey nurse became the first shark in the world to be protected and they are now protected at four sites in Queensland waters (see section on protecting critical habitat).
		Autopsies on 10 grey nurse sharks in NSW waters found six had swallowed hooks, indicating there is more damage to the population than can be seen.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /fishweb/13789.html (1232 words)

	Animals @ Melbourne Aquarium
		Grey Nurse Sharks have the ability to throw their jaws up to 15 cm from their mouth, making it easier to grab fleeing prey.
		For this reason the Grey Nurse Shark is not a ‘people-eater’ as previously thought, as they are not capable of consuming prey items larger than their mouth.
		It became the first shark to be protected by law in NSW in 1984 — it was also the first shark to be protected in the world.
	melbourneaquarium.com.au /viewanimal.asp?animalid=112&category=&page= (539 words)

	Grey Nurse Shark \| NSW Department of Primary Industries
		Grey nurse sharks are a large shark native to subtropical to cool temperate waters in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Oceans.
		Despite their fierce appearance, grey nurse sharks are not a threat to divers or swimmers unless provoked.
		The upper surface of grey nurse sharks is bronze coloured and the underside is paler.
	www.dpi.nsw.gov.au /aboutus/resources/factsheets/fishfacts/fishnote_-_grey_nurse_shark?a=698 (991 words)

	Australian Threatened Species: Grey Nurse Shark Fact Sheet
		Despite their appearance Grey Nurse Sharks are not a threat to divers or swimmers and actually have a very placid nature.
		There are two populations of Grey Nurse Sharks in Australia - the east coast population lives along the coast of New South Wales and southern Queensland, and the west coast population is distributed in the southwest coastal waters of Western Australia.
		An autopsy of a Grey Nurse Shark in 2000 revealed that the cause of death was the perforation of the stomach wall by numerous small hooks of the type used by recreational fishers.
	www.environment.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/publications/grey-nurse.html (1004 words)

	Pulling the grey nurse shark back from the brink -- WWF-Australia
		On average one grey nurse shark is known to die a month due to human induced causes from a population that numbers in the low hundreds and breeds very slowly.
		Grey nurse sharks cannot afford to wait for the NSW Government to drag its heals in removing line fishing from all 16 key habitat sites including critical habitat near Bateman's Bay, Port Stephens, Maroubra, South West Rocks and Mermaid Reef.
		There's so much to know, the grey nurse doesn't reproduce very often (two pups per litter after a pregnancy of up to 12 months) and it's a very gentle creature (never a reported attack on a human).
	wwf.org.au /articles/pulling-the-grey-nurse-shark-back-from-the-brink (458 words)

	Grey Nurse shark sanctuaries unveiled - smh.com.au
		The grey nurse shark population has plummeted in recent years with conservationists claiming there could be as few as 300 left in NSW waters.
		Grey nurse sharks roam over very large areas of the NSW coast but are known to gather to feed, mate and pup at a small number of locations.
		The 10 sanctuaries were identified by marine scientists as critical habitats vital to the survival of the grey nurse shark.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/10/30/1035683469005.html (485 words)

	Rare shark born at Sydney aquarium - Breaking News - National - Breaking News
		A male shark pup was born at Oceanworld Manly on February 6 to 20-year-old mother Pallas.
		Grey nurse sharks are often born in pairs - one from each of two uteruses - and can hunt and survive without parental care from birth.
		The grey nurse species, known as the sandtiger shark in the UK and US, and the ragged tooth shark in South Africa, is vulnerable to extinction worldwide.
	www.theage.com.au /news/National/Rare-shark-born-at-Sydney-aquarium/2007/02/21/1171733809314.html (389 words)

	Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) Sand Tiger Shark. Odontaspididae.
		The small head of the Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) with small glowering eyes and needle-sharp snaggle teeth protruding from a gaping mouth, is followed by an almost humped back with similar-sized dorsal, pelvic and anal fins.
		Grey Nurse Sharks can be found from the surface down to 200 m deep around the entire Australian coastline except for Tasmania.
		These sharks are quite sociable, often gathering together in small to huge schools of mixed sex and size so closely that they appear to be stacked like a cord of wood.
	www.marinethemes.com /greynurse.html (327 words)

	Australian Museum - Wild Kids - Sharks - Grey Nurse Shark
		Grey Nurse Sharks live near the sea floor and sometimes in the surf zone.
		This is the tooth of a Grey Nurse Shark.
		Grey Nurse Sharks' teeth are long and piercing with small cusps.
	www.amonline.net.au /wild_kids/sharks/grey_nurse.htm (164 words)

	Australian Marine Conservation Society - Grey Nurse Shark Receive Protection In Queensland
		With as little as 300-500 individual grey nurse sharks off the east coast of Australia, this shark is one of Australia’s most critically endangered marine species and is in real danger of extinction.
		We are concerned that trolling poses a potential risk to grey nurse sharks both directly through incidental hooking and indirectly through a reduction in their food source.
		The grey nurse shark is perilously close to extinction.
	www.amcs.org.au /default2.asp?active_page_id=169 (468 words)

	Animals @ Melbourne Aquarium
		Grey Nurse Sharks have the ability to throw their jaws up to 15 cm from their mouth, making it easier to grab fleeing prey.
		For this reason the Grey Nurse Shark is not a ‘people-eater’ as previously thought, as they are not capable of consuming prey items larger than their mouth.
		It became the first shark to be protected by law in NSW in 1984 — it was also the first shark to be protected in the world.
	www.melbourneaquarium.com.au /viewanimal.asp?animalid=112&category=&page= (530 words)

	Grey nurse shark
		The grey nurse (Australia), spotted ragged-tooth (Africa) or sand tiger (US and UK), Carcharias taurus, is a large shark inhabiting coastal waters worldwide, with many different names in different countries in the world.
		The grey nurse shark is the only known shark to gulp and store air in its stomach in order to maintain neutral buoyancy while swimming.
		Inside the uterus the young sharks develop and eat each other, so typically only two young sharks are born for each gestation period, which lasts six to nine months.
	www.jgames.co.uk /title/Grey_nurse_shark (595 words)

	Grey Nurse Shark sightings -- WWF-Australia
		To get a better understanding of the grey nurse shark, NSW Fisheries is running a tagging program.
		Sharks are being tagged with a white numbered tag in both dorsal fins.
		Please familiarise yourself with the appearance of the grey nurse shark, and follow the rules in the grey nurse shark critical habitats.
	www.wwf.org.au /act/volunteer/grey-nurse-shark-sightings-nsw (82 words)

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