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	Bio: Dr. W. Grey Walter
		Grey Walter was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1910.
		He discovered theta and delta waves in the electroencephalogram (the brain waves associated with light and deep sleep, respectively), and developed the first EEG brain topography machine, based on an array of spiral-scan CRTs connected to high-gain amplifiers.
		In the late 1940's Dr Grey Walter carried out pioneering research on mobile autonomous robots at the Burden Neurological Institute as part of his quest to model brain function.
	www.stcroixstudios.com /wilder/fastkarl/drgreywalter.html (350 words)

	William Grey Walter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Walter was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1910.
		Walter produced his own versions of Berger's machine with improved capabilities, which allowed it to detect a variety of brain wave types ranging from the high speed alpha waves to the slow delta waves observed during sleep.
		Walter stressed the importance of using purely analogue electronics to simulate brain processes at a time when his contemporaries such as Alan Turing and John Von Neumann were all turning towards a view of mental processes in terms of digital computation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grey_Walter (965 words)

	ANOK & PEACE::: Nicolas Walter ::: a short biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Grey Walter, the neurophysiologist famous for the robot “tortoises" at the Festival of Britain exhibition in 1951.
		Walter studied at Rendcomb College, Cirencester and was an active member of the Labour Party.
		In 1966 Walter drew a lot of attention from his staged protest against the Vietnam War, in a Methodist church in Brighton, while Prime Minister Wilson was reading his lecture.Walter served two months imprisonment for this action.
	recollectionbooks.com /bleed/Encyclopedia/Walter/walter.html (801 words)

	Britannia Biographies: Walter De Grey, Archbishop of York
		Walter was almost certainly the son of John De Grey I of Eaton in Norfolk, though the family was particularly associated with the Castle of Rotherfield Greys in Oxfordshire, which Walter eventually purchased, from a cousin, for his brother, Robert.
		Walter was, early, brought to the notice of King John, to whom he was indebted for all his preferments.
		Archbishop De Grey was appointed regent of the Kingdom during Henry's absence in France, in 1242, and was again regent in 1254, when the Queen joined her husband in Gascony.
	www.britannia.com /bios/abofy/wgrey.html (774 words)

	GWTSim: Grey Walter Tortoises in Complex Environs
		Grey Walter's research into neurology was heavily based on the idea that it was not the number of neurons which mattered, but rather the complexity of the links between the neurons.
		Grey Walter was one of the pioneers in robotics.
		Grey Walter even talked about how these robots could be expanded to include mechanisms for learning, and for including the other sense, and speculated on the possibility of the robots being self-aware.
	zoo.cs.yale.edu /classes/cs490/01-02b/stuart.james.jws27 (1725 words)

	roving walter walter
		Walter Benjamin was convinced that technologically mediated artistic achievements were simply inferior to the traditional arts because they lacked authenticity and charisma.
		Roving Walter Walter is able to compute the difference between previously recorded audiovisuals and the currently acquired material.
		Roving Walter Walter is an independent pioneering ar[tificial]ist, 01 of a new species, authentic and charismatic.
	www.mxhz.org /rww.html (429 words)

	Today in Technology History - May 6
		Walter was born in Missouri in 1910, but he grew up in England and studied at Cambridge.
		Walter's research on the brain led him to work on artificial intelligence, in the form of small, primitive robots with wheels that could scoot around on the floor, seeking out light sources and driving around any obstacles they bumped into.
		Walter thought his robots might have "some degree of self-awareness." Even though the robots were simple and they could respond to only a few stimuli, their behavior was comparable to that of many animals.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2002/may6.htm (338 words)

	Michael Gasperi's Grey Walter Machina Speculatrix Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first shows Grey's turtle (he called it a tortoise) seeking a light while the second shows the reaction of the tortoise to a short obstacle.
		It is a real testament to W. Grey Walter's genius that 50 year after his experiments a state-of-the-art product is sold that allows people to essentially duplicate his work.
		Biographical Sketch of Grey Walter by Walter Freeman in PDF form.
	www.plazaearth.com /usr/gasperi/walter.htm (1294 words)

	Grey
		THOMAS GREY, K.G., Lord Ferrers of Groby, Earl of Huntingdon, Marquess of Dorset, Constable of the Tower of London, died on 30 August 1501.
		SIR JOHN GREY, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Groby, was born in 1435 and 8lain in Battle of St. Albans (War of the Roses) on the Lancastrian side on 17 February 1460.
		SIR JOHN de GREY of Ruthin, Wilton-on-the-Wye, Lord Grey of Wilton, Justice of North Wales, Governor of the Castle of Caernarvon, died in 1323.
	www.royalancestorscollins.com /grey.htm (610 words)

	[No title]
		Grey Walter Neuroscience Biography autonomous robots#electroencephalography#goal-seeking#nonlinear brain dynamics#scanning Walter J. Freeman University of California at Berkeley, USA An autonomous robot embodies the principles of goal-seeking and scanning that characterize animal behavior.
		Walter used his skills in analog electronics to conceive a device built by engineers that displayed the frequency content in an EEG trace, even as the trace was displayed with an ink-writing oscillograph, a pen whose fluctuations left a trace on moving paper that became the mainstay of electroencephalographers.
		Walter proposed that the alpha represented 'scanning' by the brain in search of local centers of activity when none was present, and that it stopped when a 'target' was found in the cortex.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /wjf/CJ_W_Grey_Walter.doc (3683 words)

	Walter Kerr Theater New York NY - Grey Gardens Broadway musical nominated for 10 Tony Awards. Buy tickets, seating ...
		Walter Kerr Theater New York NY - Grey Gardens Broadway musical nominated for 10 Tony Awards.
		The incredible story of Jackie Kennedy Onassis’s most outrageous relatives, Grey Gardens brings to life her delightfully eccentric aunt and cousin.
		For her dual perfomance in Grey Gardens, leading lady Christine Ebersole won an incredible 5 awards: a Drama Desk Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, Obie Award, special citation from the New York Drama Critics Circle and the Drama League’s 2006 Distinguished Performance of the Year Award.
	www.newyorkcitytheatre.com /theaters/walterkerrtheater/theater.html (320 words)

	Dr Kath Grey
		GREY, K. and BLAKE, D.H., 1999, Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian) stromatolites from the Wolfe Basin, east Kimberley, Western Australia: correlation with the Centralian Superbasin: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.
		GREY, K., WALTER, M.R. and CALVER, C.R., 2002 Plankton and isotope changes at the late Neoproterozoic Acraman impact ejecta layer.
		GREY, K., HILL, A.C., WALTER, M.R., and CALVER, C.R., 2002, Plankton and isotope changes at the Late Neoproterozoic Acraman impact ejecta layer.
	aca.mq.edu.au /People/kgrey.htm (1075 words)

	Cabinet Magazine Online - The Emergence of Social Inequality among Robots
		The tortoises were capable of avoiding obstacles, moving toward a light source (phototaxis), and parking in a hutch to recharge their batteries.
		Grey Walter had designed these robots to investigate how a "living brain" manages to exhibit flexible control, learning, and adaptivity vis-à-vis the environment.
		All of this was similar to Grey Walter's experiment and, indeed, we witnessed many of the same behaviors.
	www.cabinetmagazine.org /issues/5/socialinequality.php (2002 words)

	GREY of Codnor and Rotherfield
		John had him elected Archbishop of Canterbury after Hubert Walter's death in 1205, but this was quashed by Innocent III and Stephen Langton was elected.
		Was one of the Original Knights of the Garter instituted at its foundation in 1344 and confirmed in 1348, where he occupied the eighth stall on the sovereign's side at Windsor Castle.
		Alice died in 1455 and with her son, Francis, the family's ownership and occupancy of Greys came to an end.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /GREY1.htm (1367 words)

	Applied AI Systems, Inc. - Evolutionary Robotics Symposium - ER2001 Speaker's Abstracts
		In 1949, Grey Walter, an English neurophysiologist, produced the first autonomous mobile robot designed to be 'an imitation of life'.
		Recently discovered documents show that Grey Walter used an early form of the behaviour-based technology that is now dominant in the design of small robots.
		The first part of this talk details and analyses Grey Walter's achievements, emphasising that many of his insights and methods are still relevant today.
	www.aai.ca /conf/er01_abstract.html (1892 words)

	EEG topography
		In addition, the use of the cinГЁ mode (animations using several sequential pictures taken from the brain maps) made possible the dynamic study of brain function in action.
		EEG brain topography was invented by Walter Grey Walter, who, in 1936, proved that, by using a larger number of electrodes pasted to the scalp, each one having a small size, and a triangulation algorithm, it was possible to identify abnormal electrical activity in the brain areas around a tumor, and diminished activity inside it.
		This was a remarkably complex device and showed Grey Walter's inventiveness (besides being a physician, he was also an engineer).
	www.mrsci.com /Neurology/EEG_topography.php (770 words)

	grey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Walter (Watty) Grey operated an aerated water factory in Auckland before shifting to Wellington to purchase Strike and Hamilton's aerated water business.
		In January 1892 Walter Grey was using bottles from Cannington Shaw and Coy St. Helens Lancashire, which he described as "a very strong and nice clear bottle".
		This business gained a high reputation for the quality of the products manufactured there but after the cessation of the company the concern was allowed to get "somewhat out of condition".
	www.homestead.com /wnbottles/files/companies/wgrey.htm (184 words)

	Walter Hoyt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ceppas had one son named Marion, but Clement had quite a family of boys whose names were Samuel, Walter, Grey and Clement and six daughters, Mira, Lena, Clara, Phena, Rachel and Auretta, and he thought he ought to emigrate to some newly settled country in order that his family might settle around him.
		Walter emigrated to Michigan in 1834, where he died in 1834 leaving four sons, Lyman, Ceppas, Benajah, and Walter, and two daughters, Auretta and Mary.
		Walter Hoyt married Louisa Smith on October 20, 1848.
	www.myindianahome.net /gen/jeff/photos/hoyt.html (254 words)

	Zane Grey
		Copyright 1929/32 by Zane Grey Inc. Renewed 1957, 1960 by Romer Zane Grey, Elizabeth Zane Grosso and Loren Zane Grey.
		Renewed 1967 by Romer Zane Grey, Elizabeth Grey Grosso and Loren Zane Grey.
		Renewed 1959, 1965 by Romer Zane Grey, Loren Zane Grey and Betty Grey Grosso.
	www.historyandnostalgia.com /books/zane_grey.htm (335 words)

	HISTNEUR-L Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the experiment, conductged in about 1963 by W. Grey Walter, electrodes were attached to the motor cortex of patients, the other ends of which, unbeknownst to the patients, were connected to the advance button of a carousel slide projector.
		The patients reported that the projector seemed to "anticipate" their own decisions to advance to the next slide, the activity of their brains apparently advancing the projector just before they prepared to push the button.
		Jay has been unable to locate this presentation either in Grey Walter's papers or in the papers of the Ostler Society.
	www.bri.ucla.edu /nha/hnl/msg04193.htm (318 words)

	ias-people
		one turtle was sent to New York (or New York State) in 1970, as Grey Walter lay in a coma in Bristol after the tragic accident that effectively ended his brilliant career.
		Nicolas Walter rescued it some years later, when he found that it was about to be thrown out.
		It was carefully restored to working order at the IAS Lab, and gave a last public performance at the Burden Neurological Institute in March 1995, when it was demonstrated to many of Grey Walter's former colleagues.
	www.ias.uwe.ac.uk /Robots/gwonline/gwonline.html (851 words)

	Connectionism And Psychological Modeling -- Grey Walter Tortoises
		Connectionism And Psychological Modeling -- Grey Walter Tortoises
		Yet another kind of robot that I have used for in-class demonstrations of the synthetic approach are Lego Dacta versions of Grey Walter Tortoises, which have been constructed by elaborating the structure of our Braitenberg vehicle 2.
		This page has information about how to build them, how to program them, and also has some videos of their behavior.
	www.bcp.psych.ualberta.ca /~mike/Book2/Robots/Walter/index.html (140 words)

	TIME.com: Paradise Lost -- Aug. 6, 1951 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With their photoelectric eyes they could seek out the dim light that was suitable to bask in as well as the bright light that led them to their food, i.e., electric current to recharge their batteries.
		But Dr. Walter, who is one of Britain's leading neurophysiologists, had a stern duty.
		Since the brain has memory and the ability to learn, he felt that his pets should be given similar qualities, though he knew it might destroy the simplicity of their lives.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,856903,00.html (804 words)

	GREY of Powis
		IV., without making proof of his age, was summoned to parliament as a baron, under the designation of "Johanni Grey de Powers", from 15 Nov 1482, 22 Edw.
		Sir Harris Nicolas, in his "Synopsis of the Peerage" deems the Barony of Grey of Powis created by the summons of Edw.
		in 1552, when the Barony of Grey de Powis fell, it is supposed, into abeyance, but between whom, has not been determined.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /GREY4.htm (312 words)

	TIME.com: Synthetic Pets -- Mar. 27, 1950 -- Page 1
		Grey Walter, head of the physiological department of the Burden Neurological Institute at Bristol.
		When Dr. Walter, a kindly man, created his pets, he gave them only simple desires that could be simply satisfied.
		The good Dr. Walter, of course, brings them back from the dead by recharging their batteries.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,805326,00.html (709 words)

	Machina Speculatrix by Michael Gasperi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the 1950's Grey wrote two Scientific American articles and a book "The Living Brain." that you can probably find in a local library.
		There are also several excellent online articles about Grey Walter and his robot turtles that include photographs of the turtles searching for lights and avoiding obstacles.
		The light sensor is rigidly fixed to the steering assembly so that it is always pointing in the direction of travel.
	www.robotics.com /robomenu/machina.html (711 words)

	Does Cognition Need More than a Brain?
		Rethinking materiality: the engagement of mind with the material world.
		Grey Walter's turtle robots worked well in the 1950s while traditional AI largely failed to produce any results is because cognition must be formed by a brain-body-environment feedback loop.
		So we shouldn't be suprised that Walter's turtles exhibited the same emergent,
	robots.net /article/1929.html (206 words)

	Introductory Notes for CS148 in the Spring of 2002
		Grey Walter's turtles exhibited simple behaviors and were based on the theories about simple reflexes and neural function that were known at the time.
		Grey Walter is mentioned as are Wiener, Laplace and Nyquist.
		Also mentioned is Seymour Papert, who has had an important influence on education through his work on the Logo programming language with its programmable "turtles" and his influence on the development of Lego Mindstorms.
	www.cs.brown.edu /people/tld/courses/cs148/02/introduction.html (1006 words)

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