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Topic: Grey component replacement

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Color printing

In the News (Mon 28 Dec 09)

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Hugh Jackman

	GCR - Group Coded Recording
		Acronym for gray component replacement, an electronic function in color process printing that removes a mixture of cyan, magenta, and yellow from an image and replaces it with fl.
		An acronym for Gray Component Replacement, a technique for reducing the amount of cyan, magenta and yellow in the midtone areas and replacing them with the appropriate level of fl.
		Grey Component Replacement, a technique for reducing the amount of cyan, magenta and yellow in an area and replacing them with the appropriate level of fl.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/GCR.asp (438 words)

	Grey component replacement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The intention of the third color is to move that hue towards grey (decrease saturation), and is known as the greying agent.
		The act of substituting a quantity of the greying agent for a quantity of fl is known as "Grey component replacement."
		In grey component replacement (GCR), contrary to under color removal, the CMY values that add to grey all along the tone scale can be replaced with fl ink.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grey_component_replacement (269 words)

	pass4press \| Separations guide
		GCR stands for Grey Component Replacement and in essence relates to the amount of fl used within any colour to recreate that colour on the press.
		If GCR is applied the combination of cyan magenta and yellow within a particular colour (whose cumulative effect would be grey) will be removed and replaced with fl.
		Well, there is a trade-off between the amount of GCR used, the stability of the colour reproduction on the press and the suitability of the content matter.
	www.pass4press.com /cgi-bin/wms.pl/447 (502 words)

	Method and apparatus for influencing the colour appearance of a colored area in a printing process - Patent 4901254
		The method according to claim 1 characterised in that the sum vector is broken down into the grey proportion and the coloured proportion in such manner that the sum of the absolute amounts of the separation colour components of the coloured proportion appertaining to the two chromatic separation colours is minimal.
		The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the sum vector is broken down into the grey proportion and the coloured proportion in such manner that the sum of the absolute amounts of the separation colour components of the coloured proportion and the grey proportion is minimal.
		The calculation of the grey proportion which only affects brightness and the coloured proportion which relates at most to two chromatic separation colours takes place in unit 10 if the input data d are available there from unit 5 regarding the separation colours of the coloured proportion or one of the aforementioned criteria for choice.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4901254.html (9440 words)

	Farbseparation - Wikipedia
		Zu starkes GCR kann bei Haut- und Pastelltönen zum "Ausgrauen" der Farben führen.
		GCR ist insbesondere dann erforderlich, wenn der Bedruckstoff, z.B. Zeitungspapier, nicht sehr viel Farbe aufnehmen kann und außerdem sehr schnell trocknen soll.
		Der wesentliche Unterscheid zu den voher genannten erfahren GCR und UCR besteht darin, dass bei UCA der Farbton praktisch gleich bleibt, während UCA dazu dient den bisher nicht sehr kräftigen Schwarzton (z.B. CMYK 0-0-0-100) durch einen anderen, sehr tiefen Schwarzton (z.B. CMYK 50-0-0-100 oder 80-80-80-100) zu ersetzen.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buntaufbau (706 words)

	Component-Based Software Development / COTS Integration
		Component qualification is a process of determining "fitness for use" of previously-developed components that are being applied in a new system context.
		Replacement of one component with another is often a time-consuming and arduous task since the new component will never be identical to its predecessor and must be thoroughly tested, both in isolation and in combination with the rest of the system.
		Replacing one component often has rippling affects throughout the system, especially when many of the components in the system are fl box components; the system's integrator does not know the details of how a component is built or will react in an interdependent environment.
	www.sei.cmu.edu /str/descriptions/cbsd_body.html (2780 words)

	The Advertiser Specifications :: News Medianet
		Grey Component Replacement (GCR) is the procedure used in the colour separation process to reduce, or remove a grey component made up of yellow, magenta and cyan inks and replace it with a suitable amount of fl ink.
		The major benefit of meeting a material deadline is that it allows you enough time for the supply of new separations, should the material not conform to specification.
		PLEASE NOTE Replacement of more than 70% of the grey component may result in a coarse (grainy) reproduction, therefore it is essential the scanner operator assess the original material and use the appropriate percentage of GCR.
	newsmedianet.com.au /home/titles/title/Specifications.jsp?titleid=10 (1134 words)

	Untitled Document
		GCR, the default, is Grey Component Replacement which essentially analysises the image to determine areas where the three primary colours overlap, averages out the percentage value common to each at the point of overlap and re-creates that percentage as a shade of grey on the fl separation.
		GCR has a number of variables which allow us to control how much the fl separation contributes to the density of the overall image.
		Isolating the 'light' component is arguably the most crucial part of this transition since it is those values which will ultimately dictate how we built the 'masks' (inks) of tone that will obscure the purity of light that is later reflected from our paper stock.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /malburns/Information/Photoshop/InPrinting.htm (10500 words)

	Questions on scitex class screening drum scanning digital output high definition screen mechanical dot gain vignette ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When significant grey component replacement (GCR) is used, and if fl becomes the dominant colour, fl should be printed at the 45° angle in place of the magenta.
		Grey balance is the ability to reproduce a rich neutral fl and varying amounts of neutral greys using the correct amounts of yellow, magenta and cyan.
		The factors that affect grey balance are colour density, colour purity, total dot gain, paper and the viewer's colour perception.
	www.repros.com.au /imaging/Q_screens.shtml (1081 words)

	An Approach to CMYK
		The problem is that a combination of equal amounts of CMY produces a muddy grey, and therefore we use GCR to replace combinations of muddy grey with fl.
		Where K came from to replace B for fl, is a mystery but could be that K was always termed as the key line or fl line around printed pictures, or then again it was used to be less confusing when using Red Green and B for Blue.
		GCR is our replacement of choice, Black Generation is set to light to ensure that the maximum colour (CMY) values are used, Black ink is set to 100% and the total ink limit lifted to 350%.
	luminous-landscape.com /tutorials/CMYK.shtml (4216 words)

	The match game \| AMERICAN PRINTER \| January 2006
		Gray component replacement (GCR) and undercolor removal (UCR) determine how much cyan, magenta and yellow are replaced with fl when an image is converted to the CMYK color space.
		GCR replaces the gray component of the trichromatic colors with fl during color separation.
		GCR relies on the fl separation (instead of equal amounts of cyan, magenta and yellow) to achieve neutral grays within trichromatic colors.
	americanprinter.com /mag/match_game_0106 (2305 words)

	IMAGES - THE JOURNAL FOR TEXTILE SCREENPRINTING AND GARMENT DECORATION
		GCR is one of the more technical aspects of the separation process, but used correctly, it can greatly simplify the printing of 4colour process images.
		The grey component of the image (the Grey Balance), created by the specific combination of cyan, magenta and yellow, is replaced with fl only.
		The most typical combination is 80% GCR, meaning that 80% of the trichromatic Grey Balance (the combination of cyan, magenta and yellow that together create grey) is replaced with fl ink, leaving only 20% of the trichromatic colour behind.
	www.images-magazine.com /imagesarticle.php?article_id=18 (1955 words)

	PDS - Terminology G
		A "Gaussian" curve (a/k/a "bell curve") is a bell-shaped curve showing a distribution of probability associated with different values of a variant.
		A type of process colour separation that determines the amount of fl ink used to replace Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow in areas where those three inks overlap.
		An image containing a range of grey levels as opposed to only pure fl and pure white.
	www.pdsconsulting.co.uk /Glossary/G.htm (379 words)

	BROOME COMMUNITY COLLEGE / ART & DESIGN DEPARTMENT
		Each component is imaged to film or paper in preparation for making printing plates that correspond to each ink.
		Grey balance: The balance between CMY colorants required to produce neutral greys without a colour cast.
		UCR is identical to GCR (Gray Component Replacement), except that it is applied only to neutral or shadow areas of the printed image.
	web.sunybroome.edu /~art_dept/graphicartsconcepts.html (18541 words)

	Newsboard
		More stable greybalance, less rub-off and less colour variation during printing are compelling reasons why newspapers should print their colour ‘pictures using Grey Component Replacement (GCR) as the basis for the colour separation.
		Both GCR and UCR were tested, varying the Total Area Coverage between 170% and 330%.
		However, GCR should be used on the understanding that the method offers better and more stable printing conditions, and not necessarily a higher level of colour reproduction.
	www.ifra.com /website/SpecialR.nsf/0/03550D76D1CA9F46C1256A23002BE638 (324 words)

	Samco Printers: Glossary
		A light-sensitive device for measuring colours by filtering their red, green and blue components, as in the human eye.
		An digital image where the components of the image are spread over more than one digital channel.
		A neutral density of zero (0.00) is the lightest value possible and is equivalent to pure white; 3.294 is roughly equivalent to 100% of each of the CMYK components.
	www.samcoprinters.com /techsupp/glossary.html (14353 words)

	Thompson Responds to Thornhill
		According to the proposed model, the motion of flare ribbons from the central line of the Bare region is caused by the vortex component of the coronal electric field, while the motion of bright spots within the flare region towards the central line is driven by the potential component of that field.
		The intensity of both the components of the flare region electric field is estimated to equal approximately 1-3 V cm(-1), which provides the input of the electromagnetic energy into the active region at a rate of about 10(10) erg cm(-2)s(-1).
		By computing the 2 hr time average we were able to filter out the vertical Evershed component of a few hundred m s(-1) from the back-ground of oscillatory and granular velocities, which dominate individual images.
	www.tim-thompson.com /grey-areas.html (5378 words)

	Printing Conditions: Separation Settings
		In a GCR separation the C, M and Y values are reduced in neutral areas to be replaced by fl, with fl being generated in the midtones (70% start in this example); in extreme shadows the total ink coverage is much lower, relying more on the fl plate to provide contrast and detail.
		GCR also saves inks in non-neutral colours by substituting K where C+M+Y are being used to darken a colour.
		GCR Delta controls the "strength" of the GCR process - where images contain strong primary colours or where a GCR with skeleton fl separation is required this will be increased.
	www.umax.co.uk /support/binuscan/technotes/nbi02.htm (1040 words)

	Fujitsu Europe \| Dizionario
		The depiction of grey tones between fl and white.
		A greyscale monitor is able to display distinct grey pixels as well as fl and white ones, but not colour pixels.
		A strip of standard grey tones placed at the side of the original copy during a photography to measure tonal range obtained.
	www.fel.fujitsu.com /home/glossary.asp?L=it&T=g (332 words)

	EnergyPulse - Insight Analysis and Commentary on the Global Power Industry
		This is because, the lower the level at which components are identified, the greater the opportunity to spread component replacement costs over a number of years based on their respective useful life.
		This, in turn, allows major components and systems to have an extended life that is based on the ongoing replacement of original components.
		If new standards are introduced, the prototype plant component breakdown structure and service life projections could be applied to the original construction cost of each plant to project their respective depreciable life.
	www.energypulse.net /centers/article/article_display.cfm?a_id=759 (3230 words)

	Book printing terms explained by Biddles Limited
		GCR is a technique for adding an element of fl to any area of a printed sheet with neutral tones, i.e.
		UCR describes a method of replacing elements of cyan, magenta and yellow with fl to avoid an undesirable build up of ink on the printed sheet in dark areas.
		Digital printing provides the ability to vary text and image elements on the page, and also the page composition of the document as a whole (see Electronic Collation and Page Picking).
	www.biddles.co.uk /hh_jargon.htm (2062 words)

	PSP v. PS - Colours - CodingForums.com
		GCR to UCR are specific types of separations of color output -- but they are really there to control 'the gray'.
		UCR is pretty much a Light GCR in that it drops C, M and Y from dark, strong shadows; GCR is the process of gradually removing netrual tones and replacing them with fl the closer it gets mathematically.
		If you were to set your GCR controls to light, as opposed to medium or heavy, you give the printer more control to play with the ink on his end.
	www.codingforums.com /showthread.php?t=50391 (1675 words)

	gray component replacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Technique of replacing gray tones in the yellow, cyan, and magenta films with fl ink.
		It reduces the amount of ink needed for four-color process printing, cuts drying time, makes it easier to maintain consistent color throughout the run, and may result in more pleasing reproductions.
		A GCR of 50% uses fl ink to replace half of the grey component of the chromatic color.
	www.olle.com /Demo/zmq.html (76 words)

	Glossary Technology Terms
		The conversion of all tones lighter than a specified grey level to white, or darker than a specified grey level to fl, causing loss of detail.
		A light-sensitive device for measuring colors by filtering their red, green, and blue components, as in the human eye.
		The capture of more grey levels per color than is required for image manipulation or output.
	www.bigelowmiddleschool.com /programs/Teched/techterms.html (10934 words)

	Urgent Recovery Software v 3.2
		A technique for replacing all the neutral tones of an image with an appropriate amount of fl.
		The balance between CMY colorants required to produce neutral greys without a color cast.
		A continuous tone image comprising fl, white, and grey data only.
	www.urgentrecovery.com /find_data_g.htm (285 words)

	Henry Wilhelm
		One that in the near neutrals it allows significant replacement of the color inks with fl inks through much of the tonal scale.
		It’s called GCR, or “grey component replacement.” That allows for a more accurate and linear reproduction of the neutral scale.
		With the new HP printers one can simply take out the fl cartridge and replacing it with what HP refers to as a photo cartridge that converts it from a 4-ink printer using a pigmented fl, to a 6-ink printer using a dye-based fl.
	bermangraphics.com /press/wilhelm.htm (5474 words)

	BGI Glossary: Image Editing
		The act of color separation is a technical function during which critical press specific settings such as GCR, fl ink limit and total ink limit are applied to the image.
		If an image is already CMYK it would be described as being already color separated and would not need to be separated again.
		A measurement of color as can be related by pointing towards a certain color on the color wheel.
	www.binarygraphics.com /glossary/imaging.html (1904 words)

	GLOSSARY
		Automatic Picture Replacement (APR): A linking process where a low resolution image or low resolution placeholder (FPO) is automatically replaced by a high resolution image just before a document is sent to the imagesetter.
		Any graphic element which has a grey scale or is not "line art" originated from a continuous tone image.
		Ghost: When an image is screened back or shaded down in intensity, it is called a ghosted image.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/boebs/gggloss.html (18519 words)

	Control system for a printing press - Patent 5841955 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The UCR and GCR techniques remove a certain amount of the cyan, magenta and yellow ink from some printing areas and replace them with a certain amount of the fl ink.
		Different color separation equipment manufacturers offer different UCR and GCR techniques to determine when this fl ink substitution will take place and what amount of inks will be substituted.
		However, within the visible region, it is not possible for these devices to reliably distinguish the fl ink from the process fl made by the combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, or to determine whether the fl ink or all cyan, magenta, and yellow inks should be adjusted.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5841955.html (8333 words)

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