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Topic: Gricean maxims

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	Gricean maxims - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These maxims may be better understood as describing the assumptions listeners normally make about the way speakers will talk, rather than prescriptions for how one ought to talk.
		If the overt, surface meaning of a sentence does not seem to be consistent with the Gricean maxims, and yet the circumstances lead us to think that the speaker is nonetheless obeying the cooperative principle, we tend to look for other meanings that could be implicated by the sentence.
		Argues that the Gricean maxims are too vague to be useful in implementing machine translation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gricean_maxims (357 words)

	Maxim - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maxim (Patriarch) (born 1914), Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
		Maxim Rudometkin (1818-1877) is known to members of the Molokan Jumpers sect as the King of the Holy Seven Spirits of God and leader of the New Isrealites.
		Maxim's de Paris is a Parisian restaurant of the Belle Epoque.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maxim (255 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Gricean maxim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A diachronic survey reveals that variation in the types of implicatures derived from such forms is due to the frequency of specific grammatical environments in which the forms are evolving, or have evolved historically.
		As the maxims stand, there may be an overlap, as regards the length of what one says, between the maxims of quantity and manner; this overlap can be explained (partially if not entirely) by thinking of the maxim of quantity (artificial though this approach may be) in terms of units of information.
		When I was a grad student I thought it might be useful to analyze existing "educational technology" in terms of the Gricean maxims, under the assumption that interactivity is a kind of conversation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gricean-maxim (373 words)

	Language Log: A shitload more brevity
		Keenan (1974) linguists have wondered whether the maxims apply universally, and independently of culture, style and genre.
		Grice justified his maxims as being special cases of one supermaxim - the Cooperative Principle.
		Note that Gorky was born Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov, and "Maxim" derives from his Father's name, the "-ovich" being a patronymic ending.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000132.html (556 words)

	Relevance_Archives: Circles and Gambits
		Context-sensitivity as a 'Gricean gambit' -- ""by uttering 'The flag is blue' the utterer expresses a false proposition if the flag has some other colours on it, though the utterer may implicate [via informativeness] the true proposition that the flag is _partly_ blue." 94 Grice's work as "pivotal".
		The Gricean Circle, a "matter of satisfying simultaneous constraints with no requirement on the order in which elements of the solution are recovered." 150.
		Alternatives to "the Gricean view": a general proposition may be the one expressed by an utterance, while a singular proposition may come out as an implicature.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/robyn/relevance/relevance_archives/0432.html (1470 words)

	Summarize! Chaper 10 Section 4
		Among other things, this maxim forbids you to answer your professors in pig Latin or your younger siblings in "academese." It also prevents you from holding a filibuster (unless you are a congressperson) and requires that you at least try to organize what you say before you begin speaking.
		Gricean maxims are not always obeyed, but the assumption is that people try to obey them most of the time.
		When the maxims are violated, the speaker apparently wishes to end the conversation, wishes to avoid the conversation, or expects the listener to understand that the violation is occurring and why (Miller and Glucksberg, 1988).
	lsa.colorado.edu /summarize/chapter10/section4.html (1002 words)

	[No title]
		Van Dijk states that all Gricean Maxims are violated in literary communication, that the speaker ‘opts out’ from the contextual principles of ordinary conversation and that the ‘Cooperative Principle’ does not hold.
		Maxims of Quantity, Relation and Manner (especially the third Submaxim - ‘be brief’) as related to literary communication cannot be prescriptive in stating the upper and lower boundaries of informativeness and brevity.
		The non-fulfillment of Maxims can be accounted for in terms of the goal-oriented approach by the presence of a predominant goal supraordinate to that of communicating something to the reader.
	www.pala.ac.uk /op/Paper03.doc (4823 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Under the maxim of quantity, a subject could assume that an experimenter is saying as much as, but not more than, what is necessary and sufficient to do the task at hand.
		Gricean Maxims, however, rely formally (as part of their definition) on the idea of meaning as a series of double intentions.
		They could either have already apparently violated the maxim of quantity, by laying out all the information possible in such a problem (and thus freeing the student via implicature to pick and choose what is actually necessary from among the problem without making prior judgments of what the experimenters believe is important).
	hci.ucsd.edu /203/att-0017/01-COGS203_Second_Reaction_Paper.doc (551 words)

	North Gare: A Gricean Hitman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Gricean maxims are based on a single, fundamental assumption, which is this: both speaker and listener want the conversation to involve the most effective and efficient transfer of information.
		The modifications follow from the fact that the fundamental Gricean principle is violated: the speaker - the author, film-maker, playwright - no longer necessarily desires the most effective and efficient transfer of information, and often in fact desires to tease or even mislead the listener.
		We're told (kicking in the Gricean maxim of Relevance) all about her preparation for a case that she's prosecuting the next day.
	northgare.blogs.com /paul/2004/08/a_gricean_hitma.html (1170 words)

	Grice's Maxims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The maxim of quantity, where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, and gives as much information as is needed, and no more.
		The maxim of quality, where one tries to be truthful, and does not give information that is false or that is not supported by evidence.
		The maxim of manner, when one tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/dravling/grice.html (250 words)

	Implicature
		Implicatures like that in dialogue (1) are explained in terms of the Maxim of Relation, and are therefore called “relevance implicatures.” Barb would have infringed the Maxim of Relation, it is claimed, unless her contribution were relevant to the purpose of the conversation.
		Griceans attempt to explain these implicatures in terms of the Maxim of Quantity, according to which one is to be just as informative as required.
		Griceans have attempted to account for this using the Maxim of Quantity, attributing it to the fact that the speaker did not make the stronger statement that they moved the piano separately.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/implicature (10619 words)

	Maxim - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gricean maxims, conversational principles theorized by philosopher Paul Grice
		Maxim Reality (born 1967), member of British hard dance/rave act The Prodigy
		Maxim is the name of the company or group:
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maxim (255 words)

	The Speak Good English Movement, Singapore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		They include "The Maxim of Quality" - do not say what you believe to be false and do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence, and "The Maxim of Quantity" - make your contribution as informative as it is required for the current purposes of the exchange.
		One way of exploiting the maxims is by violating them stealthily, which means that we try to be sneaky or cover the fact that we are not following the maxims.
		The speaker is actually flouting the Maxim of Quality, which leads the hearer to realise that the speaker must mean something other than Sally is an actual block of ice.
	www.goodenglish.org.sg /SGEM/engatwork/communicate.htm (5227 words)

	Minding your maxims!
		With Grice's maxims in mind, a small corpus of letters of adjustment, written by students and by business people, was used for a survey among white collar workers to discover how they responded to variations in length, content and organization.
		Indeed, for unskilled writers, there is a distinct possibility that their intentions will be subverted by their inept or unintentional flouting or violating of the maxims and, as we shall see, this point is demonstrated in the responses by the subjects who took part in the survey to be reported here.
		While my own intuitions, influenced by Grice's maxims, have been largely supported by the results of this survey, I think it is equally clear that variations in interpretation have to be taken into account, from which we see that different implicatures can be drawn from the observing, flouting, ignoring or violating of Grice's maxims.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /app_ling/maxims.htm (5769 words)

	[No title]
		Grice’s maxims, which were never intended to be seen as a set of rules to be obeyed, could arguably still serve as useful guiding principles for teachers.
		Just like in other contexts, maxims of varying kinds applied to the relationship between a teacher and students exist in a complex relationship with each other and are all subordinated to the broadly defined principle of co-operation and influence the process of conversational implicature, the way interlocutors achieve or don’t achieve understanding.
		Grice’s maxims are not rules to follow blindly, but they do provide the reflective teacher with a useful means of critically examining his or her own interactive behaviour.
	www.linguistics-journal.com /january06_rn.doc (3410 words)

	grice maxim s
		Gricean program since Grice (1957), and to show that there is a pattern in the way...
		Grice saw the first maxim of Quality, which I will call the maxim of truthfulness, as the most...
		maxim to see how a speaker can make listeners draw quite extensive implications by the way they flagrantly go against, or flout, as Grice...
	www.uk20.co.uk /search.php?q=grice+maxim+s (481 words)

	Universität Augsburg - DaF/DaZ
		Even when lying and apparently violating them, both partners have to assume that the maxim of informativeness and of sincerity is followed in a certain way because whithout this a lie would not be understood.
		As soon as we do not assume the maxims to be infringed upon, our understanding of somebody's acts will change and we often come to an understanding that seems more reasonable, more realistic and simply better.
		Against their overt form and widespread interpretation, the maxims are valid for both speakers and recipients, they regulate communication both action and understanding.
	www.philhist.uni-augsburg.de /Faecher/GERMANIS/daf/neu/heringer/under02.php (738 words)

	Ling 131 - Topic 12 (session A)
		One maxim might be broken in order to preserve another (for example you might break the manner maxim to avoid saying something you think is untrue, and so uphold the quality maxim).
		Similarly, a maxim might be broken in order to preserve politeness (indeed, Grice himself suggested politeness as another possible candidate for being a conversational maxim).
		When an implicature that follows from the flouting of a maxim is spelled out, there is bound to be some variation between one person's account and another's because different people are bound to choose different words and grammatical structures.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /fass/projects/stylistics/topic12/14practice6.htm (294 words)

	Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For example, a given aural text may be intended as a request, but the syntactic form of the utterance may not be in a conventional linguistic form common to the (direct) manifestation of that speech act.
		Maxim of Quality: So not say what you know to be false and do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
		Maxim of Manner: Be clear, unambiguous, brief, and orderly in your contribution to the conversation.
	www.deil.uiuc.edu /fgd/site/pragaur1.htm (2230 words)

	Pragmatics
		The Gricean maxims are a framework for understanding how humans cooperate socially in their use of language.
		If the advertiser only means "some bacteria", there's a potential maxim of relevance violation, under the assumption that you are interested in the filter as a way of guaranteeing water purity.
		Gricean maxims lead us to this, because it would be totally irrelevant to claim that the soup has one third less salt than the Dead Sea.
	www.unc.edu /%7Egerfen/Ling30Sp2002/pragmatics.htm (3774 words)

	20th WCP: If, What-If, and So-What: Mixing Metaphors, Conditionals, and Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Otherwise, Gricean maxims of both clarity and relevance would be violated.
		On the face of it, the antecedent metaphor — Wittgenstein is a round square — would violate Gricean maxims, even in discussions of Wittgenstein’s oddities, because round squares are irrelevant and the metaphor is obscure.
		Maxims of relevance and clarity, however, can be, so in what-follows conditionals, the antecedent has to be acceptable as a working hypothesis, and flouting either of those maxims would undermine the conditional altogether.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Meth/MethCohe.htm (3995 words)

	Gricean maxim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Population of One » Blog Archive » Study on Gricean maxim of...
		The Gricean Maxim of Quantity is believed to govern linguistic performance.
		Maxim of Quality: Do not say what you believe is false.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Gricean_maxim (291 words)

	Gricean maxims - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Do not say what you believe to be false.
		They are not sociological generalizations about speech, nor they are moral prescriptions or proscriptions on what to say or communicate.
		Grice did not, however, assume that all people should constantly follow these maxims.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gricean_maxim (357 words)

	kWORKS Vol 1 No 8
		The Gricean maxims can be used as a paradigm for knowledge work.
		For the sake of the maxims, we need a way to describe what occurs in a knowledge conversation between two parties.
		These maxims try to address some important people considerations, by specifying the underlying assumptions and expectations that are the basis for knowledge interactions.
	www.accsys-corp.com /knowldgWORKS_News_Index/kworks8/kworks8.html (1497 words)

	GRE_BiblioFile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Based on a greedy heuristic, the algorithm seeks to satisfy the 'full brevity' interpretation of the Gricean maxim of quantity; the shortest possible distinguishing description is generated.
		Dale, R., and Reiter, E. The role of the Gricean maxims in the generation of referring expressions.
		A theoretical outline of the role of the Gricean maxims in GRE, with reference to the Dale and Reiter (1995) Incremental Algorithm.
	www.csd.abdn.ac.uk /~agatt/tuna/tunabibl/GRE_BiblioFile.htm (4127 words)

	Attitudes, Innuendo, and Regulators
		An example of this process is the remark, “at band camp,” uttered as an aside by a student in a graduate-level interpreting class.
		The remark is succinct, but violates each of the other three Gricean maxims: In a feedback discussion of ASL to English interpreting, it is certainly not relevant, and it does not provide enough information for an addressee to determine the veracity of the statement.
		Yet, because the utterance satisfied the maxims for non-bona fide communication, the addressee immediately recognized it as an allusion.
	gupress.gallaudet.edu /excerpts/AIRthree7.html (468 words)

	interdisciplines : Issues in Coevolution of Language and Theory of Mind : Imitation, Quoting and Theory of Mind
		There are a few points to be made here: first of all, the Gricean view of meaning (which is at least partly independent from Gricean maxims) distinguishes between natural meaning and non-natural meaning.
		Non-natural meaning, which is the kind of meaning found in language and in words, is dependent on two intentions, a first-level intention to communicate such-and-such and a second-level intention that the first intention succeeds in virtue of the recipient's recognition of the first-level one.
		Though the Gricean view of semantics has been criticized, I think that the distinction between natural and non-natural meaning stands and that it may enlighten the discussion.
	www.interdisciplines.org /coevolution/papers/4/6 (3616 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: A New Gricean Low
		It seems more and more to me that spammers are competing to see who can send a message that violates as many Gricean Maxims at once as egregiously as possible.
		It violates both Maxims of Quality, since there was no UPS delivery and, obviously, they had no evidence to support asserting that there was.
		And I believe it violates all four Maxims of Order: it's obscure, it's ambiguous, it's unnecessarily wordy, and it's been rudely stuffed into my inbox, which is pretty disorderly.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2005/01/a_new_gricean_l.html (457 words)

	Gricean maxims: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gricean maxims: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic
		(proposed four conversational maxims that arise from the pragmatics pragmatics quick summary:
		Pragmatics is generally the study of natural language understanding, and specifically the study of how context influences the interpretation of meanings....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/gricean_maxims.htm (147 words)

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