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	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zinoviev, Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.
		Zinoviev and his co-defendants were formally cleared of all charges by the Soviet government in 1988 during perestroika.
		Zinoviev is remembered in Britain as the putative author of the 'Zinoviev Letter' which caused a sensation when published on October 25, 1924, four days before a general election.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev (2114 words)

	Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev was member of the Bolshevik faction from its creation in 1903, and one of Lenin's closest associates.
		When it came to real action, Zinoviev shrank from the proposed revolutionary coup and on October 10, 1917, he and Kamenev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against Lenin on the issue of staging the armed action which was to place the Bolsheviks in power.
		Zinoviev soon returned to the fold, and became a member of the powerful Politburo from 1919, as well as the head of the Comintern.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Zinoviev (355 words)

	Grigory Zinoviev - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1901 and was a member of its Bolshevik faction from its creation in 1903.
		Although Zinoviev and Kamenev briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Commitee to abandon the negotiating process.
		Zinoviev soon returned to the fold and was once again elected to the Central Commitee at the VIIth Party Congress on March 8, 1918.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Grigory_Yevseyevich_Zinoviev (1957 words)

	Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev was member of the Bolshevik party from its creation in 1903, and one of Lenin's closest associates.
		Stalin began to sideline Zinoviev once he had consolidated his powerbase in the party, and, along with Kamenev was generally removed from most positions of influence within the party and government.
		As part of Stalin's purges, Zinoviev and Kamenev were arrested in 1935 and charged with being involved in the assassination of Sergei Kirov.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/g/gr/grigory_yevseyevich_zinoviev.html (318 words)

	Gregory Zinoviev
		As one of the key leaders of the Bolsheviks, Zinoviev was involved in the struggle with the Mensheviks for control over the workers and the armed forces in the city.
		In 1912 Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and Vladimir Lenin moved to Krakow in Galicia to be closer to Russia.
		Zinoviev reached the peak of his power in 1923 when with Joseph Stalin and Lev Kamenev became one of the Triumvirate that planned to take over from Vladimir Lenin when he died.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSzinoviev.htm (2331 words)

	Wackipedia [ebonics] - Grigory_Zinoviev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev wuz uh memba o' da Bolshevik facshun from its creashun in 1903, an' one o' Lenin's closest associates.
		When it came ta real acshun, Zinoviev shrank from da proposed revolutionary coup an' on Octoba 10, 1917, he an' Kamenev were da only two Central Committee members ta vote against Lenin on da issue o' stagin' da armed acshun which wuz ta place da Bolsheviks in powa.
		Zinoviev iz remembered in Britain as da putative author o' da 'Zinoviev Letta' which caused uh sensashun when published on Octoba 25, 1924, four days before uh general elecshun.
	ebonics.wackipedia.com /article/Grigory_Zinoviev.html (380 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: Z :: Zinoviev, Grigory
		Zinoviev was one of Lenin's closest collaborators in exile (1909-1917) and returned to Russia with him after the February 1917 revolution.
		Zinoviev led the triumvirate's attack on Lev Trotsky, calling for his expulsion from the party.
		Zinoviev was removed from his party posts in 1926 and expelled from the party in 1927.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/z/print/zinoviev.shtml (331 words)

	Grigory Zinoviev: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When it came to real action, Zinoviev shrank from the proposed revolutionary coup and on October 10, 1917, he and Kamenev (Kamenev: more facts about this subject) were the only two Central Committee (Central Committee: central committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party....
		However, Zinoviev soon returned to the fold, and became a member of the powerful Politburo (Politburo: The chief executive and political committee of the Communist Party) from 1919, as well as the head of the Comintern (Comintern: the comintern (from communist international), also known as the third international,...
		Zinoviev is remembered in Britain (Britain: A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland) as the putative author of the 'Zinoviev Letter (Zinoviev Letter: the "zinoviev letter" is thought to have been instrumental in the conservative partys victory...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/grigory_zinoviev (522 words)

	Glossary of People: Zi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev immediately supported the Bolsheviks and joined their faction; after the congress he was sent back to Russia as a party worker, but his health was poor and he had to return abroad.
		Zinoviev used this as an excuse to launch the ‘Literary debate’—a massive campaign in the party press in which the slogan of Trotsky’s ‘under-estimation of the peasantry’ was invented and proclaimed, while the writings of Trotsky and his comrades in the Left Opposition were suppressed.
		Zinoviev intrigued with Kamenev to oust Stalin from the General Secretaryship, and proposed that he replace Trotsky as Commissar of War; they found it was too late to dislodge Stalin from his position in the apparatus.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/z/i.htm (2457 words)

	Moscow Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first trial was of 16 members of the so-called "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Centre," held in August 1936, at which the chief defendants were Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, two of the most prominent former party leaders.
		Zinoviev and Kamenev demanded as a condition for "confessing" a direct guarantee from the Politburo that their lives and that of their families would be spared.
		The first trial was held from August 19 to August 24, 1936; the principal defendants were Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moscow_Trials (1474 words)

	Talk:Grigory Zinoviev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Zinoviev took virtually no part in the October revolution, and Lenin did not forget his faint-heartedness, eventually mentioning it his Testament." This is a biased statement in violation of the POV rule.
		A Google search traced the use of the term "faint-heartedness" back to the "Notes" section of the Marxists.org reprint of Lunacharsky's "silhouette" of Zinoviev.
		Zinoviev/Kamenev's disagreement with Lenin/Trotsky in October 1917 was mostly tactical, but I changed the Wiki wording from "faint-heartedness" to "behavior" to ensure NPOV.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Grigory_Zinoviev (211 words)

	Lev Kamenev - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Zinoviev was re-elected to the Politburo, but Kamenev was demoted from a full member to a non-voting member and Sokolnikov was dropped altogether, while Stalin had more of his allies elected to the Politburo.
		After the expulsion of Zinoviev and Trotsky from the Communist Party on November 12, 1927, Kamenev remained the Opposition's chief spokesman within the Party and represented its position at the XVth Party Congress in December 1927.
		Kamenev, Zinoviev and his co-defendants were formally cleared of all charges by the Soviet government in 1988 during perestroika.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Kamenev (2490 words)

	math lessons - Lev Kamenev
		Zinoviev and Kamenev were later readmitted to the party after they acknowledged their 'errors'.
		He was charged with involvement in the assassination of Sergei Kirov (a charge that was most likely false), and sentenced to ten years in prison.
		In 1936 he was tried again, this time for treason, along with Zinoviev.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Kamenev (282 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Alexei Rykov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and their allies in the Bolshevik Central Committee argued that the Bolsheviks had no choice but to start negotiations since a railroad strike would cripple their government's ability to fight the forces that were still loyal to the overthrown Provisional Government.
		Although Zinoviev, Kamenev and Rykov briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process.
		In response, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin and Victor Nogin resigned from the Central Committee and from the government on November 4, 1917 (Old Style).
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Alexei_Rykov (1322 words)

	Zinoviev Letter
		In October 1924 the MI5 intercepted a letter written by Grigory Zinoviev, chairman of the Comintern in the Soviet Union.
		(1) Charles Trevelyan believed that the Zinoviev letter was responsible for Labour's defeat in the 1924 General Election.
		The outstanding feature of the general election of 1924 in the country as a whole was the Zinoviev letter.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /TUzinoviev.htm (1186 words)

	╚I am a Russian Zinoviev...╩ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, the daughter of Nikolay, Catherine Zinoviev, married Grigory Orlov, the main hero of the Palace take-over of 1762.
		By the way, the daughter of Dmitry Zinoviev and the second wife of the famous poet of the ╚Silver age╩ Viacheslav Ivanov Lidia was a good poet herself.
		Of course, the Zinovievs were not in such a distressed circumstances as the soldiers of the interned Judenich Army, but our business was in a very poor condition.
	www.russianantique.com /articles_by_topics/2535.html (1665 words)

	The Bolsheviks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Eventually she was posted as a diplomat by Stalin, where she was unable to play an active role in the party, but lived longer than any of her comrades as a result.
		Grigory Zinoviev [Archive, biography] was one of the most prominent Old Bolsheviks, who took on the role of leading the Communist International when it was founded in 1918.
		Like many others, Zinoviev wavered in the struggle between Stalin and Trotsky, but was eventually executed after the first of the Moscow Trials.
	www.marxists.org /subject/bolsheviks (1398 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Left Opposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Leon Trotsky, People's Commissar for Military and Navy Affairs (defense minister) was the de-facto leader of the Left Opposition, which was formed as part of the power struggle within the party leadership that began with the Soviet founder Vladimir Lenin's illness and intensified with his death in January 1924.
		After their defeat, Zinoviev and Kamenev joined forces with Trotsky's Left Opposition in what became known as the United Opposition.
		After the expulsion by the XVth Congress, Zinoviev, Kamenev and their supporters surrendered to Stalin, "admitted their mistakes" and were readmitted to the Communist Party in 1928, although they never regained their former influence and eventually perished in the Great Purge.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref?title=Left_Opposition (989 words)

	Krusjtsjovs hemmelige tale
		A contender for political primacy in the 1920s, he was associated in particular with Grigory Zinoviev in mid-1920s opposition to Stalin.
		Zinoviev was a prominent revolutionary (with a Petrograd power base), and a leading figure in the post-Civil War Politbiuro.
		He was Stalin's choice to replace Grigory Zinoviev as the head of the Leningrad Party organization in 1926, and was made a full member of the Politbiuro in 1930.
	www.ebbemunk.dk /stalin/krusjtsjov7.html (8028 words)

	The Bolsheviks Of Russia
		After V. Lenin's death, and prior to 1927, the Bolshevik regime was run by a triumvirate composed of Zinoviev, Kamenev, and Stalin.
		Grigori Y. Sokolnikov [1888-1939]:a Bolshevik; friend of Trotsky; Commissar of Finance; a diplomat; member of the "Left Opposition"; Soviet ambassador to England; creator of the "chervonetz," the first stable Soviet currency; was part of "Russian" delegation that signed the Brest-Litovsk treaty in 1918; member of the Central Committee and Politburo.
		Grigory Sergo Ordzhonikidze [1886-1937]; member of the Politburo; Commissar for Heavy Industry; helped solidify Bolshevik power in Armenia and Georgia; Chairman of the Caucasus Central Committee of the Communist Party; First Secretary of the Transcaucasian Communist Party Committee; Chairman of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party; became Stalin's top economic official.
	wsi.matriots.com /ListofBolsheviks.html (1740 words)

	Grigory Yevseyevich Zinovyev -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Zinovyev also spelled Zinoviev, original name Ovsel Gershon Aronov Radomyslsky revolutionary who worked closely with Lenin in the Bolshevik Party before the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became a central figure in the Communist Party leadership in the Soviet Union in the 1920s.
		He organized the coup d'état that placed Catherine on the Russian throne and subsequently was her close adviser.
		One of the most influential men in Russia in the mid-18th century was the army officer and statesman Grigory Potemkin.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078393?&query=grigorii (577 words)

	[No title]
		Both Grigory Yevdokimov and Grigory Zinoviev admitted that they had lied at their previous trial in January 1935 when they had denied involvement in planning Kirov's assassination:
		: I, together with Zinoviev and Trotsky, was the organiser and leader of a terrorist plot which planned and prepared a number of terroristic attempts on the lives of the leaders of the government and Party of our country, and which carried out the assassination of Kirov.
		YEVDOKIMOV, Grigory, Soviet revisionist politician (1894-1936); secretary, Leningrad RCP (1925-27); expelled from CP (1927); readmitted (1928); arrested, tried for and found guilty of subversion and sentenced to imprisonment (1935); retried for and found guilty of treason and sentenced to death (1936).
	harikumar.brinkster.net /MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM (6754 words)

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