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	Grosmont Castle
		Grosmont, Skenfrith and White Castles formed a triangle to guard the southern border of England and Wales, an area commonly referred to as the Marchers.
		However, White Castle already boasted a stone curtain wall and a strong, square Norman keep, and is likely to have served as a predominantly military fortification, not requiring much alteration.
		As we discovered, the castle is not one of the easiest to find as few signs exist to mark its location.
	www.theheritagetrail.co.uk /castles/grosmont%20castle.htm (356 words)

	CastleXplorer - Grosmont Castle
		Grosmont Castle, along with Skenfrith and White, is one of three castles built to protect one of the main routes through the border region between England and South Wales.
		Although all three castles were maintained only Grosmont was used as a home, and during the 14th century the Lancasters remodelled the buildings around the inner ward to make accommodation more suitable for a noble household.
		The castles were no longer the homes of nobility and by the 16th century all three castles had been abandoned and were falling into ruin.
	www.castlexplorer.co.uk /wales/grosmont/grosmont.php (317 words)

	Castles in Wales - Wye Valley & Usk
		During the late 12th century the castle was owned by William de Braose, one of the most notoriously cruel of the Norman Marcher Lords.
		The remains-a defensive ditch and walls of the keep-of the original castle, on which the 13th stone one was built, were discovered during excavations.
		The most noticeable feature of the castle is the circular keep, where the living quarters were located, in the middle of the rectangular ward.
	www.britainexpress.com /wales/wye/castles.htm (909 words)

	Grosmont Castle
		Grosmont Castle is a remarkably well-preserved three phase fortress.
		The land on which Grosmont Castle was built now passed either under the control of the Ballon family of Abergavenny or the Lacys of Weobley and Longtown.
		White Castle to the west, however, was built as a fortress from the first, probably in concert with the foundation of Grosmont.
	www.castlewales.com /grosmnt.html (1054 words)

	White Castle (Wales) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		White Castle (Castell Gwyn) is a castle in Monmouthshire, Wales.
		It is often referred to as one of the "Three Castles", along with Grosmont Castle and Skenfrith Castle.
		White Castle is the largest of the three.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/White_Castle_%28Wales%29 (104 words)

	Battles of the Welsh Revolt 1400-1409
		Those in the castle surrendered nine of their number on condition that the others were pardoned.
		Edward Charlton was sent to his castle at Welshpool to counter the rebellion in Montgomeryshire, and Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor was made the king's lieutenant from Aberystwyth to Hay.
		The castle became Glyndwr's residence and headquarters, and one of the two places to which he is believed to have summoned parliaments of his supporters.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~bowen/owainbattles.html (2661 words)

	Castle Category
		Most of these early castles were of wooden construction, notably oak, perhaps with some stonework, but many of these were later re-built in local stone.
		Castles were erected to serve two main purposes: to provide shelter, and to act as a fortress should the family be subjected to attack.
		During the 18th/19th centuries several 'sham' castles appeared but these were no more than castellated manor houses, built to romanticise a forgotten era.
	www.theheritagetrail.co.uk /alpha_lists/castlelist.htm (312 words)

	Grosmont Castle, Montmouthshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The first mention of a castle at Grosmont is in 1154, the year after Stephen's death.
		Owain Glyndwr besieged the castle in 1405 but was chased away by Henry V. By 1563 the Castle was in a poor state and the Duchy sold it in 1825.
		Grosmont Castle is one of a triangle of similar border castles along with Skenfrith and the White Castle.
	www.r-l-p.co.uk /grosmont.html (307 words)

	Castles in Wales -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Castles in Wales -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Castles in Wales is a link page for any (A large building formerly occupied by a ruler and fortified against attack) castle in (One of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria) Wales.
		See also: (additional info and facts about List of castles) List of castles, (additional info and facts about Castles in England) Castles in England, (additional info and facts about Castles in Scotland) Castles in Scotland, (additional info and facts about Castles in Northern Ireland) Castles in Northern Ireland
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/castles_in_wales.htm (366 words)

	Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Castle Acre nestles between the 12th century church and the 11th century castle of Grosmont, in the heart of this beautiful and unique village,set high above the Monnow valley, with views in every direction.
		Castle Acre is a most attractive house of great charm, originally a coach house and stables, which was imaginatively and sympathetically converted in the 1970s using original period materials.The house has been extended recently in the same vein to give a larger kitchen and an additional bedroom.
		Grosmont is almost equidistant between Abergavenny and Hereford,both have places of interest to visit.
	www.castleacregrosmont.co.uk (286 words)

	The Lawns Farm, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire
		Grosmont Castle was once occupied by Henry III and with its two companions Skenfrith and White Castle, mounted guard in mediaeval times over the Golden Valley.
		The castle consists of a single horseshoe shaped wall surrounded by a deep, dry moat.
		Grosmont Church is indeed a remarkable building, said to have been designed by a French architect for Eleanor of Provence, Henry the Third's queen.
	www.smoothhound.co.uk /hotels/lawnsfar.html (580 words)

	Grosmont Castle Picture Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Grosmont castle is a secretive little ruin, tucked away out of sight behind the cottages of Grosmont village.
		If there's a view of the castle to be had from the road, then I've yet to find it.
		It would appear that the villagers want to keep this castle to themselves for Summer picnics and as a playground for their children.
	www.hearthside.co.uk /Grosmont/grosmont.htm (283 words)

	HENRY, EARL OF LANCASTER - LoveToKnow Article on HENRY, EARL OF LANCASTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1324, two years after Thomas had lost his life for opposing the king, Henry was made earl of Leicester by his cousin, Edward II., but he was not able to secure the titles and estates of Lancaster to which he was heir, and be showed openly that his sympathies were with his dead brother.
		When Queen Isabella took up arms against her husband in 1326 she was joined at once by the earl, who took a leading part in the proceedings against the king and his favorites, the Despensers, being Edwards gaoler at Kenilworth castle.
		He fought in the naval fight off Sluys and in the one off Winchelsea in 1350; he led armies into Scotland, Gascony and Normandy, his exploits in Gascony in 1345 and 1346 being especially successful; he served frequently under Edward III.
	www.87.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LA/LANCASTER_HENRY_EARL_OF.htm (600 words)

	A Guide to Grosmont Castle Monmouthshire Wales from TourUK
		Grosmont Castle once guarded the Golden Valley with Skenfrith Castle and White Castle.
		The three castles strengthened the Norman hold on the district and defended the English plains.
		The Earl lost control of his castles on two occasions and the second phase of his building work was between 1219 and 1232 when a gatehouse and the round towers were added to Grosmont.
	www.touruk.co.uk /castleswales/castle_Grosmont.htm (205 words)

	Skenfrith Castle : Monmouthshire, Wales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Skenfrith Castle is the only low-lying fortress of the three castles of Skenfrith, Grosmont and White Castle, now known as the castles of the Trilateral.
		In 1187 the engineer Ralph Grosmont was instructed by King Henry II to rebuild the castle in stone.
		The eastern wall and possibly north-eastern tower of the castle, built in a totally different style to the rest of the fortress, was constructed by Ralph.
	www.uklink.co.uk /locations/skenfrithcastle/index.html (321 words)

	White Castle with Grosmont and Skenfrith castles formed a defensive line in the Welsh Marshes against the threat from ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		White Castle with Grosmont and Skenfrith castles formed a defensive line in the Welsh Marshes against the threat from Gwent.
		The first castle on the site was built in the 12th century and consisted of a lower inner ward and a crescent shaped bailey.
		Finally, the castle passed to the Crown and was put in the charge of the German Waleran for several years.
	www.uklink.co.uk /locations/whitecastle/index.html (235 words)

	Wellsprings Fellowship - the Eye in the Landscape - issue 3 - Grosmont walk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Following the Norman conquest, a castle was built at the highest point and the town of Grosmont was established nearby.
		Although now a small and attractive village, the evidence that Grosmont was once a thriving town is all around you; the market place, market hall and the large parish church (built in the 13 - l4th C) all indicate a former thriving urban settlement with a larger population.
		We were then led to the castle which we explored extensively and where Dr. Pickford pointed out a spring on the outer bank of the inner moat which, in wetter weather, could easily have filled the moat.
	www.bath.ac.uk /~liskmj/wellsweb/wellstxt/fellowship/eye/eye3/groswalk.htm (1175 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With B
		Son of Tescelin Sorrel, and Aleth, the daughter of the Lord of Montbard, Bernard was born near Dijon in the castle of Fontaines.
		Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire.
		The castle was restored to Broase by Sitsyllt and the Chieftain was invited to a feast to celebrate its return.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hprb.htm (2943 words)

	Skenfrith Castle
		The west front of the castle with its tall batter with the later solid tower to the left.
		This round tower in the middle of the castle was the last part of the fortress constructed by Hubert Burgh, and is not, as is often stated, built on the old castle motte.
		Today the castle stands mostly to wall walk height and is in much the same state as it was in 1538 when the antiquarian Leyland noted that Skenfrith Castle ‘yet standith’.
	www.castlewales.com /sknfrth.html (677 words)

	Bronllys Castle
		The Cliffords were required to pay knight's fee for the right to own the castle and its surrounding estates, and when necessary, the lord of Cantref Selyf paid the Lord of Brecon the sum of five and a half armored horses (according to Smith and Knight, 1981) plus provided a number of soldiers.
		Finally, in 1384, Bronllys Castle was granted to the de Bohun heiress, Mary, and her husband, Henry, Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt.
		Roger Vaughan of Tretower held Bronllys Castle as the monarch's custodian for much of the 15th century, until it finally passed to an heir of the Staffords, Henry Duke of Buckingham in 1478.
	castlewales.com /bronllys.html (1709 words)

	Britannia Biographies: Henry Plantagenet of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster
		This heroic prince, called "of Grosmont" after the castle in Monmouthshire where he was born in the early fourteenth century, was the only son of Henry, Earl of Lancaster and Leicester, and great-grandson of King Henry III.
		The second and only surviving daughter and heir of the Duke was, therefore, Blanche (aged 14 at the death of her father) who became the consort of Prince John of Gaunt, Earl of Richmond (afterwards Duke of Lancaster).
		The Duke made his will in his castle at Leicester on 15th March 1361; and, dying of the pestilence on 24th of the same month, was interred in the Collegiate Church in Newark (Notts), on the north side of the high altar, in pursuance of the directions of his will.
	www.britannia.com /bios/lords/lancaster4hp.html (1719 words)

	Photographs of Abbeys,Castles,Historic Sites in Wales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Conwy Castle is one of the impressive castles built under the rule of Edward the First.
		Conwy is among a ring of castles and towns that King Edward the First had constructed around North Wales to maintain Norman rule of Wales.
		Both the castle and the town walls are well-preserved.
	frankmazuca.tripod.com /wales.html (128 words)

	GENUKI: Grysmwnt, Y / Grosmont, Monmouthshire
		"GROSMONT, a parish in the hundred of Skenfreth, county Monmouth, 9 miles N.E. of Abergavenny, and 10 N.W. of Monmouth.
		It is, situated in the N.E. part of the county, close upon the borders of Herefordshire, at the foot of Graig Hill.
		Grosmont was formerly a market and corporate town, governed by a mayor and other municipal officers; but for many years the market has declined, and the above offices only exist in name.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/wal/MON/Grosmont (327 words)

	Places to visit in Monmouth - Gosmont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Grosmont is part of the Three Castle's Walk (White Castle, Skenfrith, Grosmont)
		The Three Castle's walk is a total of 18 miles in length and passes around the grounds of the three sister castles.
		The three castles all boast great views, great stories and a vast history all of their own, yet these stories are all tied together for many a year in history and battle of the Normans.
	www.onlinetown.net /grosmont/index.html (125 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - White Castle
		White Castle forms a point in the strategic triangle of castles known as the 'Three Castles', the other two being Grosmont and Skenfrith.
		Originally the castle would have been a motte and bailey type fortification primarily made of wood, but over time this was replaced by the huge stone walls that still stand today.
		The castle remained an important stronghold for all of the medieval period, mainly under royal ownership.
	www.btinternet.com /%7Etimeref/hpl942.htm (201 words)

	Grosmont Castle Hotels. Hotels near Grosmont Castle - Accommodation UK
		All our discount Grosmont Castle hotels are specially selected with guaranteed low internet rates for all our England and UK hotels.
		From a cheap Grosmont Castle hotel, to 4 and 5 star Grosmont Castle hotels with special offers, you are sure to find the best Grosmont Castle hotel Accommodation for you.
		Take a Picture tour of Grosmont Castle, and please come back after your visit to submit your own.
	www.picturesofengland.com /Wales/Monmouthshire/Kilpeck/Grosmont_Castle/hotels (962 words)

	White Castle on AboutBritain.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Along with Skenfrith and Grosmont, White Castle was one of a triangle of fortresses - the "Three Castles" - initially built to control a strategic entry point into Wales.
		There is a large and now grassy outer ward enclosed by walls and towers, but it is the self-contained and well preserved inner ward that captures the imagination.
		Throughout its history White Castle seems to have fulfilled more of a military role than evolving into a nobleman's residence.
	www.aboutbritain.com /WhiteCastle.htm (606 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - White Castle
		White Castle is a Norman castle located several miles east of Abergavenny and a miles or so from the village of Llantilio Crossenny in south Wales.
		The name White Castle is derived from the white rendering that would have originally covered the walls.
		The castle consists of an outer ward accessed by a small bridge through the outer gate and the inner castle accessed by a much larger bridge over a steeply cut water filled moat.
	www.timeref.btinternet.co.uk /hpl942.htm (201 words)

	Genealogy - pafg253 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Duke of Lancaster Henry Plantagenet of Grosmont [Parents] was born in 1300 in Grosmont Castle,Grosmont,Monmouthshire,England.
		Isabel Beaumont.Isabel married Duke of Lancaster Henry Plantagenet of Grosmont.
		King of England Henry Plantagenet IV [Parents] was born on 30 May 1366 in Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, England.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~elessar5/pafg253.htm (261 words)

	Skenfrith Castle, Montmouthshire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There is no specific mention of Skenfrith until 1182 when it and Grosmont were provisioned against siege.
		Like Grosmont, Skenfrith was passed to Hubert de Burgh by King John and it is he who built most of what we see today, including the distinctive circular keep.
		Unlike Grosmont no further work ever seems to have happened at Skenfrith beyond the building of a D-shaped tower around 1267 by which time the castle was already part of the Duchy of Lancaster.
	www.r-l-p.co.uk /skenfrit.html (218 words)

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