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Topic: Ground sloth

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	Sloth - MSN Encarta
		Sloth, common name for certain slow-moving arboreal mammals that inhabit the tropical forests of South and Central America.
		Sloths are divided into two groups: the three-toed sloths, among which is the ai, and the two-toed sloths, among which is the unau.
		An ancestral form, the giant ground sloth, which lived in the western hemisphere more than 10,000 years ago, reached the size of an elephant.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562271/Sloth.html (414 words)

	Hoffman's Two-toed Sloth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sloths are also the only mammals that can turn their heads about 180 degrees in both directions, an adaptation shared with only a few other groups of animals –; owls and some prosimians.
		Description: Sloths are normally a light tan in color, but may be greenish in color in the wild due to the presence of one or two species of blue-green algae living in their fur.
		Although sloths are rather abundant, they are not hunted much by native people because their habit, even after death, of continuing to cling to a tree limb.
	www.centralfloridazoo.org /animals/Hoffmans_two-toed_sloth.htm (759 words)

	Xenarthra.Org - Sloths
		Sloths are a member of the Xenarthra order, a group of mammals with specialized habitats and abilities.
		Sloths are very cautious creatures and rarely leave the trees they call home; when on the ground, they cannot support their own weight and must drag themselves forward using their forelimbs and claws.
		Sloths are usually born without embryonic membranes and are placed on the mother's chest where it may nurse and hide from predators in the mother's long hair.
	www.xenarthra.org /sloth (1336 words)

	Two-Toed Sloth - choloepus hoffmanni
		Sloths do have cheek teeth but are lacking incisors and canines and also make use of their hard lips to help tear at foraged food.
		Sloths are excellent living examples of evolutionary adaptation by a species to the canopy of the forest.
		Sloths fur is tan to greyish brown in color, shaggy with a coarse outer fur grading to softer, finer layers of underfur.
	www.tigerhomes.org /animal/two-toed-sloth.cfm (682 words)

	[No title]
		Bones of a giant ground sloth from the ice age.
		The giant ground sloth was one of the enormous creatures that thrived during the ice ages.
		A competing theory, however, is that as man spread into regions occupied by the giant sloth, he may have hunted them, along with the mammoth and mastodons, to extinction.
	unmuseum.mus.pa.us /sloth.htm (683 words)

	SDNHM Fossil Mysteries Field Guide: Giant ground sloth
		Shasta ground sloths lacked front teeth and the other teeth in their tubular snout were small and blunt.
		Ground sloths were able to stand up on their hind legs, in order to reach the leaves and twigs they wanted to eat.
		A strange anatomical feature of some ground sloths was the presence of dermal ossicles, or small nodules of bone, which formed in the skin, under the fur.
	www.sdnhm.org /exhibits/mystery/fg_giantsloth.html (885 words)

	Mapinguari and Giant Ground Sloth Stamps
		Oren suggests the Mapinguari is a surviving ground sloth, similar to the (presumably extinct) Mylodon.
		Mylodon was a giant ground sloth whose reconstructed appearance resembles that of the Mapinguari.
		The giant ground sloth appears as one panel on a souvenir sheet of twelve depicting prehistoric animals of the world.
	www.pibburns.com /cryptost/mapingua.htm (631 words)

	Nothrotheriops
		Rampart Cave coprolite and ecology of the Shasta ground sloth.
		Parasites of the extinct shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shatensis, in Rampart Cave, Arizona.
		Ground sloth dung of the Guadalupe Mountains; pp.
	www.sloth-world.org /Nothiops.html (783 words)

	What is a Sloth?
		The sloth is very slow and deliberate in its movements, living upside down in rainforest trees for most of its life.
		Sloths seldom descend from their arboreal homes because they do not need to drink water; they get as much hydration as they need from leaf consumption.
		Sloth’s stomachs have several compartments, loaded with tiny bacteria that help break down the cellulose of leaves, yet their metabolism remains sluggish.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-a-sloth.htm (532 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Shasta ground sloth
		The extinct Shasta ground sloth was a bizarre looking, cow-sized herbivore, which inhabited the south-western parts of ice age North America.
		Shasta ground sloths were herbivores and their diet included shrubs, cacti, yuccas and numerous flowering plants.
		As with the tree sloths, a young ground sloth was probably carried by its mother, possibly clinging on to her back.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3010.shtml (446 words)

	North American Ground Sloth
		About 350 bones from three giant sloths were found at the Brunswick site but many were duplicates or were unusable and Brantley did not have all 208 bones necessary for one complete skeleton.
		Two other giant North American sloth skeletons are on display at the Smithsonian Institution and one skeleton -- found in Georgia in the last century -- is at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, Brantley said.
		In preparation for the mounting task, he studied at the Royal Ontario Museum, which has several South American ground sloth skeletons from which Brantley was able to make measurements and rubber molds for pieces missing from the Georgia sloth.
	www.libs.uga.edu /science/sloth.html (581 words)

	The San Bernardino County Museum
		Ground sloths first arrived in North America about 9 million years ago and became extinct at the end of the Ice Age.
		The fossil sloth was excavated by Museum volunteers as part of a joint effort between the Bureau of Land Management, Las Vegas District, and the Museum.
		The sloth exhibit was funded by the County of San Bernardino and the San Bernardino County Museum Association.
	www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us /museum/exhibits/ground.htm (423 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Giant ground sloth
		Giant ground sloths were some of the strangest mammals ever to have lived and resembled no other animal.
		From the preserved dung of other species of ground sloth it seems they were not fussy eaters and munched through all parts of plants and trees, fruits, leaves and twigs.
		Ground sloths did have bones in their throat which allowed them to vocalise and it is thought that they may have called to each other.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3002.shtml (356 words)

	Wildlife -- giant ground sloth
		The giant ground sloth was a herbivorous animal that fed mainly on plants that grew on the ground.
		It is believed that the giant groung sloth lived in groups, but it may have lived singly in caves.
		The giant ground sloth lived in the lightly wooded areas og South America, feeding on the leaves of trees and ground plants such as yuccas, agaves, and grasses.
	wind.prohosting.com /ferphoto/wildlife/sloth.html (543 words)

	Brown Throated three-toed sloth
		The two-toed sloth, a close relative of the three-toed sloth is identified as part of the family Megalonychidae, which recognizes two species Cholepus hoffmanni (Peters 1859), and Choloepus didactylus (Linne 1758).
		Three ancestral ground sloth families are said to have once existed; Megatheriidae the South American giant ground sloth whose ancestors were arboreal, and the Megalonychidae and Mylondontidae which were always terrestrial ground sloths.
		According to Webb (1985), one perspective indicates that the giant ground sloth of the late Cenozoic era were highly specialized end members of the phyllophagous xenarthrans while recent tree sloth’s are believed to be more representative of Miocene stages of sloth evolution.
	bss.sfsu.edu /geog/bholzman/courses/fall99projects/sloth.htm (3017 words)

	Sloth - Crystalinks
		Sloths are medium-sized South American mammals belonging to the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, part of the order Pilosa.
		Even so, leaves provide little energy, and sloths deal with this by a range of economy measures: they have very low metabolic rates (less than half of that expected for a creature of their size), and maintain low body temperatures when active (30 to 34 degrees Celsius), and still lower temperatures when resting.
		Bones of a newly discovered ground sloth that is the oldest of its kind ever found in North America have been uncovered by a University of Florida research team.
	www.crystalinks.com /sloth.html (1159 words)

	Xenarthra.Org - Ancient Sloths
		Scientists distinguish between the ancient ground sloth families by the number of digits, number and size of teeth, and shape of the skull.
		Giant ground sloths also apparently walked upon the sides of their feet when traveling from place to place: a condition called a "pedolateral" foot.
		It is possible that the ground sloths' numbers dwindled over time due to a combination of climate changes, predators (including early humans), and the inability to effectively compete for food and resources.
	www.xenarthra.org /sloth/ground (602 words)

	Academy of Natural Sciences - Thomas Jefferson Fossil Collection - The Great Claw
		The remaining ground sloths belong to two other families, the Megatheriidae and the Mylodontidae.
		The remaining family of ground sloths is the Mylodontidae.
		The last of the ground sloths became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.
	www.ansp.org /museum/jefferson/megalonyx/ground_sloths.php (1069 words)

	Ladywildlifes Giant Ground Sloth Info Page
		The giant ground sloth resembled a huge bear, with a broad head, thick skin, and a dense shaggy coat of dark fur that gave it protection from predators.
		Food and Feeding: The giant ground sloth lived in the lightly wooded area s of South America, feeding on the leaves such as yuccas, agaves, and grasses.
		The sloth and other edentates (simple toothed creatures) developed undisturbed and were unique to this part of the world.
	ladywildlife.com /animal/giantgroundslothinfo.htm (623 words)

	.:: Cape Fear Museum - Wilmington, NC ::. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sloth moved slowly, no more than one to two miles per hour, and left a footprint that was three feet long, one of the largest ever left by a land mammal.
		Scientists know that the sloth was an adult animal because the ends of its bones are fused to the cores of its bones.
		The sloth fossils were found along Randall Parkway during construction of a dam for a retention basin in 1991.
	www.capefearmuseum.com /groundsloth.htm (492 words)

	< Bio 52 Acient DNA : Research - Ground Sloths > (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Another interesting mystery that ancient DNA analysis solved was the relationship between extinct ground sloths and their possible tree sloth relatives.
		Further analyses found that the sloth had digested seven different groups of plants that are related to contemporary plants common in high-elevation desert scrub.
		Even more interesting, however, is that the plants the ground sloth was eating thousands of years ago are now found 2600 feet higher in elevation than where the dung was found (Poinar et al.
	www.cs.hmc.edu /~rmcknigh/projects/bio52-project1/bio52-research-sloths.html (325 words)

	GIANT GROUND SLOTH CANINES CANINE TEETH TOOTH
		Ground sloths were slow-moving herbivores that died out at the end of the Pleistocene Period.
		Giant ground sloths were so large that they were not able to climb trees, hence their land-roving lifestyle.
		Sloths could stand on their hind legs aided by a very strong tail, to reach vegetation at levels higher than other herbivores could typically reach.
	www.paleodirect.com /lm13-008.htm (663 words)

	Return to the Ice Age - The La Brea Exploration Guide
		Evolving from the tree sloths in South America, ground sloths are very distantly related to anteaters and armadillos.
		Typically, ground sloths walked on the sides of their hind feet and the backs of their forefeet.
		Harlan's ground sloth was the largest and most common of the ground sloths found at Rancho La Brea.
	www.tarpits.org /education/guide/flora/sloth.html (249 words)

	Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre - Jefferson's Ground Sloth
		Compared to other ground sloths, Jefferson's has broad, wing-like processes on the heel bone (calcaneum), and a short third upper foot bone (metatarsal), and v-shaped fifth metatarsal and an outward-bowed fibula.
		Further, the three central claws of the hind foot were well-developed and touched the ground, presumably allowing these animals to move more easily and with greater stability than other ground sloths.
		Of the two ground sloth families (Megalonychidae and Megatheriidae), the former first appeared in the early Oligocene (about 35 million years ago) of Patagonia, and the former in the late Oligocene (some 30 million years ago) beds of South America.
	www.beringia.com /02/02maina1.html (821 words)

	LITTLE VILLAGE Sloth Story by Charles Monson
		Semken puts the number of known sloth bones from Iowa at 15 or 20, so the appearance of a box full of them was exciting enough in itself.
		Giant ground sloths may have been large (some species were up to twenty feet long), but they've never been high-profile.
		He couldn't be certain yet what species the sloth was, exactly how old it was (ten to twenty thousand years was his estimate), or how much of it was there.
	www.uiowa.edu /~nathist/Site/slothexpedition/sloth_little_village.html (4058 words)

	ISGS - Ice Age Ground Sloth
		Exotic, but common during the Ice Age, Jefferson's ground sloth first appeared in the Illinois Episode of the Quaternary Period.
		Ground sloths were widely distributed over North America during the Ice Age.
		In southern North America and in South America, ground sloths attained the size of elephants.
	www.isgs.uiuc.edu /quaternary/sloth.htm (155 words)

	AMNH Bestiary
		The Puerto Rican sloth, at roughly 30 pounds, shows arboreal adaptations, suggesting it was tree-dwelling (even though it is often referred to as a "ground" sloth).
		Although it was the smallest of the North American "ground" sloths, Nothrotheriops shastensis was seven- to eight-feet long and weighed between 300 and 400 pounds.
		The range of the Shasta ground sloth stretched the length of North America, from southern Alberta to northern Mexico.
	www.amnh.org /science/biodiversity/extinction/Resources/Bestiary/Xenarthra.html (620 words)

	Sloth Scientific Classification
		Their ancestor, the Giant Ground Sloth, which lived before the last ice age, reached the size of the modern elephant.
		Also, jaguars and ocelots are a danger when the sloth is on the ground.
		The two-toed sloths do not have tails and its front and back legs are closer to the same size..
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/Set/1478/classify.html (498 words)

	Giant Sloths
		The giant sloths, also referred to as the ground sloths, belong to an interesting group of animals found in southern North America, Central America and South America.
		The giant sloths first appeared in South America in the Early Oligocene Epoch (36 to 22.5 million years ago), and they survived up until recent times, only becoming extinct during the Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 million years ago to 10,000 years ago), during the last Ice Age.
		From the Miocene Epoch (22.5 to 5 million years ago), the sloths diverged into two different forms: the giant ground sloths and the smaller tree-dwelling sloths which survive today.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/85261 (401 words)

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