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Topic: Ground spiders

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	Spiders \| On the Ground \| Our Animals
		Spiders make silk inside their bodies, pulling it out with their legs from holes near their bottom.
		Spider silk cannot be dissolved in water and is the strongest natural fibre known.
		Spiders are helpful to people because they eat harmful insects like locusts which destroy crops, and flies and mosquitoes which carry diseases.
	www.abc.net.au /schoolstv/animals/SPIDERS.htm (207 words)

	Spider (arthropod) - MSN Encarta
		Spiders are found worldwide, except for in the oceans, and they live in all habitats and at most elevations.
		Spiders, along with daddy longlegs, mites, ticks, and scorpions, belong to a group of animals known as arachnids.
		Spiders eat insects and sometimes other arthropods (invertebrate animals with jointed limbs, segmented bodies, and hard shells known as exoskeletons), including other spiders.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566464/Spider_(arthropod).html (661 words)

	Funnel Web Spiders, Spider Control, Garden Pests
		The Sydney Funnel-Web Spider is a ground dwelling spider commonly found in the northern districts of Sydney, in most of the eastern coastal area of New South Wales, Victoria and in certain areas of South Australia.
		Spiders can trap a small bubble of air in hairs around the abdomen, which aids both breathing and floating, so it should not be assumed that a spider on a pool bottom has drowned.
		If funnel web spiders are a problem, call or email us at info@allguardpestcontrol.com.au for spider control.
	www.funnel-web-spider.com.au (830 words)

	Cofrin Center for Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Spiders are abundant and ecologically important in almost every terrestrial and semi-terrestrial (wetland) habitat on Earth, from cold tundra and alpine ecosystems to tropical rainforests and deserts.
		After their spider enemies have been killed by the same insecticides, the few surviving insect pests are often able to reproduce and attain larger population sizes than before the insecticide was applied, a phenomenon known as "resurgence".
		Spider silk is important to bird species for nest building; 24 of 42 families of passerine birds and nearly all species of hummingbird depend on silk from spiders and caterpillars for nest construction (Hansel 1993, in Skerl 1997).
	www.uwgb.edu /biodiversity/biota/arthropods/Arachnids/spidersilk.htm (1299 words)

	NRS :: Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve
		Grass spiders tend to be yellowish to brownish in color and have eight eyes.
		These spiders are abundant in the riparian areas of the reserve and are generally observed in their webs at dawn or dusk.
		Ground spiders are among the most diverse spider families in California.
	nrs.ucdavis.edu /stebbins/natural/spiders.htm (1543 words)

	Spiders in the Home
		Spiders are beneficial arthropods, that survive by feeding on insects.
		Funnel web spiders differ from the brown recluse in that they have a darker brown color with fl markings on the abdomen, lack the characteristic “violin” marking on the cephalothorax, have four pairs of eyes instead of three, have striped legs, and are considerably faster.
		Ground spiders, as their common name implies, are most often found under rocks or logs where they build silken retreats and emerge only to hunt.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05512.html (2511 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Spiders Work"
		Spiders have special glands that secrete silk proteins (made up of chains of amino acids), which are dissolved in a water-based solution.
		The effects of spider venom vary depending on the species, age and sex of the spider and on the age and health of the bitten person.
		Most spider species are completely solitary animals, meaning they live and feed on their own, and they are generally spread out over a wide area, making an available female relatively scarce.
	science.howstuffworks.com /spider.htm/printable (4370 words)

	Spider Identification Chart - Venomous or Dangerous?
		Spider Identification - an adult spider is 1/4 to 3/4 inch in body - a dark violin shape is located on the top of the leg attachment region with the neck of the violin pointing backward toward the abdomen.
		Habitat - this spider is a ground dweller, with a burrow retreat.
		Habitat - this spider is a ground dweller, with a burrow retreat lined with silk of up to 10 inches in depth and around 1 inch in width - prefers nesting in drier exposed locations - often has a wafer-like lid on the burrow entrance.
	www.termite.com /spider-identification.html (1733 words)

	Spider Survey
		Wolf spiders have a reflective layer in their eyes, the tapetum, which will be visible at night as a sparkling point of blue-green light by flashlight.
		Spiders may be controlled by the use of a fast acting poison with little residual activity sprayed directly on the offending animals.
		Ground running spiders are extremely chemosensitive and web building spiders seldom touch the substrate so direct contact with the spider may be necessary.
	www.phorid.net /spiders/article.htm (5552 words)

	Ground spiders
		This is a vast and diverse group of spiders found all over Australia from rainforests to deserts.
		Other spiders such as Hemicloea, are remarkably flattened for life in narrow spaces under rocks and bark.
		Ground spiders are rather drably coloured, ranging from charcoal grey to pinkish brown.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/ground_spider.htm (153 words)

	Common North American Spiders
		If they are disturbed, they will rapidly descend on this lifeline to the ground and out of sight, or if they miss their jump, they can climb the thread back to their previous perch.
		It is this principle upon which warships' hull camouflage was painted during the World Wars, with stark diagonal lines and shapes intended to keep an enemy from discerning the outline and identifying the size of the ship and the extent of its armaments.
		Most spiders in this family (which includes the so-called fishing spiders) have their eyes arranged in two rows, with the front row in a straight line of four, the second row curved in a u-shape.
	www.cirrusimage.com /spider.htm (1626 words)

	Spotted Ground Spiders
		Habronestes and Storena are two genera of spiders in the family Zodariidae, 60 described species of which are found in Australia.
		Spotted ground spiders are from 6 to 20 mm long.
		Few bites by these spiders have been reported and when they have, symptoms have been minor, consisting of a red welt and localised hot feeling for a couple of hours.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/spotted_ground_spider.htm (384 words)

	Spider Survey
		Spiders are further classified in the Class Arachnida, which includes animals with four pair of legs, and two body parts, the cephalothorax and the abdomen.
		All spiders have spinnerets attached to the rear end of the abdomen, and all are capable of spinning silk.
		Spiders with weak jaws, such as cobweb weavers and cellar spiders, inject digestive fluid into the insect's body with its fangs, then suck up the liquified tissues, leaving the exoskeleton intact.
	www.phorid.net /spiders/biology.htm (749 words)

	Spider Photo Gallery - Ojibway Nature Centre - Windsor, Ontario
		The two most common household spiders in Ontario are the Black-footed Spider, Cheiracanthium mildei, a species introduced from southern Europe and the House Spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, which is responsible for most cobwebs found in buildings.
		The Zebra Spider, Salticus scenicus, is a small jumping spider often seen on vertical surfaces such as walls and doorways.
		Spiders are often attracted to the abundant prey at porch lights.
	www.ojibway.ca /spiders.htm (645 words)

	Here are some commentaries on certain new photos
		The implication is the ice keeps away the spiders, but the spiders are supposed to be made of ice or formed in conjunction with ice.
		Note also the spider branches tend to align at around 90 degrees to the sun angle, which is usually around 140 degrees clockwise from vertical.
		A shows the spiders are forming in the same direction as the layers, which is also the same direction as approximately 90 degrees to the sun angle.
	www.martianspiders.com /illustrations.htm (3875 words)

	Wolf Spider - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Wolf Spider, common name for any of a group of ground-dwelling hunting spiders.
		About 2,000 species of wolf spiders belong to the family Lycosidae in the suborder Araneomorphae.
		- spider that hunts: a ground spider that hunts its prey rather than using a web.
	encarta.msn.com /Wolf_Spider.html (164 words)

	The crab spiders of Africa
		The crab spiders are arguably the beauties of the spider world and one of the most intriguing.
		At the Spider Research Centre of the Agricultural Research Council in Pretoria, South Africa, several research projects on thomisids are undertaken ranging from taxonomic research to their use as biological control agents in agro-ecosystems.
		Although spiders may be incapable of controlling major pest outbreaks by themselves, their role in a complex predatory community may be important to regulate pest species at low densities early in the season and in between peaks of pest species activity.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2004/november/crabspider.htm (1488 words)

	ORION Pest Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Description: Funnelweb spiders are mostly brown in color; some may show stripes in the crown of the head and a darker shade in the body.
		These spiders are considered hunting spiders; they do not build webs but chose to chase down after their prey.
		These spiders are not at all dangerous; they tend to live outdoors unless there is heavy vegetation around the home, in which case they may wonder inside.
	www.orionpestcontrol.net /spiders.htm (1783 words)

	Gnaphosidae, sac spiders
		This spider with a size between 6 and 12 mm can be found at daytime predating ants on dry spots between grass and on dunes.
		The spiders are thick, have a dull brownish gray color, and are hairy like a mouse.
		Most spiders of this genus are fl and are between 3 - 8 mm in large.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ednieuw/Spiders/Gnaphosidae/Gnaphosidae.htm (349 words)

	Identify termites, insects and pests with the Terminix commercial pest library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A few species are commonly associated with building invasions, especially the Parsons spider which is recognized by the cross-like whitish marking on its abdomen.
		Ground spiders are hunting spiders; they do not build webs, but rather chase down their prey.
		Tips for Control – Ground spiders require few treatments indoors to control, although an exterior foundation treatment may be necessary in those rare cases where these spiders regularly invade homes.
	www.terminix.com /commercial/pestlibrary/index.cfm?fuseaction=category&pestCategory=Spiders&pestID=87 (256 words)

	Recognizing which spiders are dangerous
		Ground spiders: Ground spiders are generally a uniform dark color, sometimes with distinct markings on the abdomen.
		Crab spiders: Crab spiders are easily recognizable because they hold their legs out to the sides at right angles to the body, much in the same way a crab does.
		These spiders are often seen sitting on the sides of a home or in the middle of a flower waiting for their insect prey.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/10/28/HOGE5LVRBP1.DTL&feed=rss.homeandgarden (750 words)

	Spiders on the Web
		Spiders of Kaweah Oaks Preserve, by Irene Lindsey
		Spiders of the genus Habronattus in California and Baja California by Marshall Hedin, San Diego State University
		Biology 104, The Biology of Insects and Spiders" taught by Dr. Lenny Vincent at Fullerton College.
	mamba.bio.uci.edu /~pjbryant/biodiv/spiders (63 words)

	Ohio's Spiders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Most spider species in Ohio are clearly beneficial to humans because of the services they provide as predators on insect pests.
		To the naturalist, spiders are fascinating in their variety and wonderful for the beauty of their webs.
		We invite you to explore some of the reasons why spiders are a crucial element in Ohio's natural environment.
	www.marion.ohio-state.edu /spiderweb/OhioSpiders.htm (217 words)

	Queensland Museum - Spiders - Spiders of South East Queensland
		Queensland's spiders range in size from the minute (Jumping Spiders) to the gigantic - from smaller than the head of a pin, to bigger than a hand span (Giant Green Huntsman Spiders).
		The Funnel-Web Spider, for instance, is one of the most venomous critters in Australia.
		The roving Wolf Spider, for instance, is one of the few predators of that curse of the Australian east coast - the Cane Toad.
	www.qm.qld.gov.au /features/spiders/spidersqld.asp (376 words)

	List of European spider photos
		Click on the family name to see one photo from each spider of that family or click on the spider name to see all photos of that spider.
		If you want to search for spiders by their looks, try the "Spider family gallery" in the menu.
		Allthough I spend a lot of time on spider identification, I can not give a 100% guarantee on the id of the spiders.
	www.eurospiders.com /allspiders.htm (122 words)

	Crab Spiders of Kentucky - University of Kentucky Entomology
		These are often called "thomisid" crab spiders, or simply "thomsids." Thomisids tend to have a flat shape compared to other spiders, and their front two pairs of legs are typically very long compared to the back two pairs.
		They are sometimes called "philodromid crab spiders" and they are distinguished from thomisid crab spiders by their 2nd pair of legs, which are always longer than the 1st, 3rd, and 4th pair.
		Although crab spiders are fairly common, finding one might take some patience because they are often well camouflaged, especially the ones that live on the ground.
	www.uky.edu /Ag/CritterFiles/casefile/spiders/crab/crab.htm (858 words)

	[No title]
		Huntsman spiders have eyes that appear to be grouped together into two rows at the front of the flattened carapace.
		Other kinds of spider wasps target non-burrowing wolf spiders and can be seen searching along the ground for their prey.
		Wolf spiders are found in habitats ranging from dry inland shrublands and woodlands to wet coastal forests and alpine meadows.
	www.lycos.com /info/spiders--wolf-spiders.html?page=2 (444 words)

	Learn about Spiders \| PestWorld for Kids
		With over 35,000 species of spiders, surveys indicate that this pest is one of the two most feared creatures by humans (the other is the snake).
		Spiders occur worldwide and can be found in every state.
		The most dangerous species to humans are the widow spiders, brown recluse spiders, hobo spiders and two species of sac spiders.
	www.pestworldforkids.org /spiders.html (112 words)

	Insects, spiders, and worms
		The shells of cicadas, or locusts, are shed a left behind on tree trunks or in grass or leaf debris.
		Also called ground spiders, they are well camoflaged in the grass as well as on tree bark.
		Most species nest on the ground, but may nest in a fallen log as shown in the picture.
	www.goshen.edu /bio/Woods/insects.html (514 words)

	BioKIDS - Kids' Inquiry of Diverse Species, Critter Catalog, Lycosidae, wolf spiders
		Wolf spiders hatch from eggs, and the hatchlings look more or less like grown-up spiders, though sometimes their colors change as they age.
		Wolf spiders are also very sensitive to vibrations in the ground, and use scent and taste as well.
		Wolf spiders can give you a painful bite if you handle them carelessly, but it the bite usually doesn't do much damage unless the person bitten is allergic to the venom.
	www.biokids.umich.edu /critters/Lycosidae (925 words)

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