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Topic: Ground squirrel

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	AllRefer.com - ground squirrel (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		ground squirrel, name applied to certain terrestrial rodents of the squirrel family.
		In some regions the ground squirrel is called gopher, a name more commonly applied to burrowing rodents of a different family.
		Ground squirrels are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia, family Sciuridae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/groundsq.html (371 words)

	California Ground Squirrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The California Ground Squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi (referred to in some older sources as Otospermophilus beecheyi), is a common and easily observed ground squirrel of the western United States and the Baja California peninsula; it is common in Oregon and California and its range has relatively recently extended into Washington.
		The squirrel's upperparts are mottled, the fur containing a mixture of gray, light brown and dusky hairs; the underside is lighter, buff or grayish yellow.
		The tail is relatively bushy for a ground squirrel, and at a quick glance the squirrel might be mistaken for a Fox Squirrel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spermophilus_beecheyi (354 words)

	Belding's Ground Squirrel Research
		Belding’s ground squirrels are highly social animals found in meadows, sagebrush, and of course, campgrounds throughout the high Sierra.
		Her pups are vulnerable to predation from ground predators such as snakes and weasels, and from infanticidal squirrels.
		Interestingly, golden-mantled ground squirrels, also found throughout the Sierra, produce ‘kin odors’ and can identify their kin as well as Belding’s ground squirrels do, but they are not at all nepotistic.
	www.monobasinresearch.org /research/squirrels.htm (777 words)

	Richardson's Ground Squirrel
		Because Richardson's Ground squirrels play an important role as a prey item for many carnivores and raptors and in creating microhabitats for other organisms such as burrowing owls, many people are interested in maintaining their status as a key element of the prairie ecosystem.
		Ground squirrels feeding in cultivated areas tend to be larger and bear more live young than those feeding in native grasslands, presumably because more high quality food is available in crop fields than on native grassland.
		The hibernaculum is a grass-filled chamber in which the ground squirrel curls into a ball with its nose tucked between the hind legs and enters a state of torpor.
	www.exoticnutrition.com /richardsons_ground_squirrel.htm (1505 words)

	Managing Wyoming ground squirrels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In brushy country, Wyoming ground squirrel burrows often are identified by a substantial pile of debris (sticks, rocks, sagebrush leaves) that covers the area downslope from the burrow entrance.
		Density of Wyoming ground squirrel populations can range from two ground squirrels per acre before young are born in the spring, to 20 or more animals per acre in early June when juveniles and adults are active.
		Ground squirrels are hosts for fleas and may act as carriers for bubonic plague.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/natres/06505.html (2391 words)

	The Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel: Controlling Damage, G92-1110-A
		Thirteen-lined ground squirrels are members of the squirrel family which includes chipmunks, ground squirrels, tree squirrels, prairie dogs, and woodchucks.
		One of the best ways to discourage ground squirrel activity is to allow grasses and other vegetation to grow tall and dense in areas such as roadside ditches, field edges, earthen dams, and pastures.
		Ground squirrels are not discouraged by blocking their entrances with soil, rocks, or other materials.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /wildlife/g1110.htm (1890 words)

	California Ground Squirrel Management Guidelines--UC IPM
		The California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi, is one of the most troublesome pests to homeowners and gardeners.
		While ground squirrels are similar in appearance to tree squirrels and may climb trees, when frightened they will always retreat to a burrow, whereas tree squirrels will climb a tree or tall structure and never use a burrow.
		Ground squirrels are active during the day, mainly from mid-morning through late afternoon, especially on warm, sunny days.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7438.html (2634 words)

	California Ground Squirrel
		While ground squirrels are similar in appearance to tree squirrels and may climb trees, when frightened they will always retreat to a burrow, whereas tree squirrels will climb a tree or high structure and never use a burrow.
		Ground squirrels live in a wide variety of natural habitats but usually avoid thick chaparral, dense woods, and wet areas.
		Ground squirrels live in colonies that may include several dozen animals in a complex of burrows.
	cecalaveras.ucdavis.edu /squirrel.htm (1314 words)

	NatureWorks - Arctic Ground Squirrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The arctic ground squirrel lives in alpine and arctic tundra in bushy meadows, riverbanks, lakeshores, and sandbanks.
		The Arctic ground squirrel hibernates in the winter and it uses this store of food after it wakes up while it is waiting for spring plants to grow.
		Arctic ground squirrels are usually active between four in the afternoon and nine or ten at night.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/arcticgroundsquirrel.htm (373 words)

	Hot Bother: Ground squirrels taunt in infrared: Science News Online, June 26, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In contrast, the ground squirrel tails didn't warm appreciably during similar taunting of a gopher snake.
		Ground squirrel pups, however, don't have enough of the protective blood proteins to neutralize the venom.
		When the cage held a rattlesnake, the ground squirrel's tail temperature began to rise within a few minutes and increased 2°C at both the tip and base to reach, on average, 26°C. In the presence of a gopher snake, the squirrel's tail temperatures rose only 0.2°C at the base and 0.1°C at the tip.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20040626/fob1.asp (694 words)

	AllRefer - Wildlife & Animals: Townsend's Ground Squirrel \| Spermophilus townsendii > Species: [19682]
		In southeastern Idaho, 68 percent of Townsend's ground squirrel burrows were in sand, 28 percent in silt, and 4 percent in clay [19].
		Since Townsend's ground squirrels are aestivating in their burrows at that time, wildfire probably has no direct effect on them [11,28].
		The ecology of Townsend's ground squirrel, Spermophilus townsendii mollis.
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/animals/mammal/spto/all.html (2494 words)

	Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrel
		Golden-mantled ground squirrels eat their stored food in early spring, when seeds and fruit are scarce.
		The golden-mantle ground squirrel’s annual cycle of life is to eat through the short summer and get fat, sleep all winter, wake up and breed, and then do it all over again.
		Golden-mantled ground squirrels are commonly found near rocks and talus slopes in mountainous areas across the western United States and Canada.
	fwp.state.mt.us /mtoutdoors/HTML/Articles/Portraits/GMgroundSquirrel.htm (625 words)

	Varmint Al's Varmint Hunting Page
		The two ground squirrels were taken at about 120 yards and the damaged side is not visible.
		Ground squirrels also drill holes in the levees around the islands in the Delta and can cause serious flooding problems if their hole systems start to leak water.
		Most ground squirrels that have been "thinned out" are not as undamaged as the one on the left with the large equipment.
	www.varmintal.com /avarm.htm (2695 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Threatened Status for the Northern Idaho ...
		Most northern Idaho ground squirrels are found in areas with shallow reddish parent soils of basaltic origin, while the southern Idaho ground squirrel lives on lower elevation, paler colored soils formed by granitic sands and clays from the Boise Mountains (Yensen 1985, 1991).
		In contrast the southern Idaho ground squirrel occurs at elevations of 670 to 975 m (2,200 to 3,200 ft) in the low rolling hills and valleys along the Payette River in Gem, Payette, and Washington Counties of western Idaho (Yensen 1991).
		The primary threat to the northern Idaho ground squirrel is meadow invasion by conifers (Sherman and Yensen 1994).
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1998/March/Day-23/e7480.htm (5962 words)

	Printer Friendly
		Richardson's ground squirrels are a member of the squirrel family in the order Rodentia.
		A Richardson's ground squirrel is diurnal meaning it is active during the daylight hours.
		A ground squirrel must be taught that you are the boss.
	sandsexoticanimals.com /care/rgsc/pfrgs.html (493 words)

	Southern Idaho ground squirrel Fact Sheet
		The granitic sands and clays of the Weiser River Basin are thought to influence the southern Idaho ground squirrel's lighter coloration, while the deeper reddish-colored northerns are found in higher-elevation areas with shallow reddish soils of basaltic origin.
		Research suggests that the squirrels prefer areas with a high percentage of native cover such as big sagebrush, bitterbrush and a variety of native forbs and grasses; however, some nonnative features may enhance their survival such as alfalfa fields, haystacks or fence lines.
		When squirrels emerge from their burrows, they begin breeding; young are born about three weeks later and emerge from the nest burrow in about 50 days.
	www.fws.gov /idahoes/Fact/SIGS.html (445 words)

	California Ground Squirrel Info
		In studying California Ground Squirrels, one group of scientists found a squirrel home with six females and five males which consisted of tunnels totaling 741 feet in length and had thrity-three openings.
		California Ground Squirrels go into "true hibernation," that is, unlike a bear which merely enjoys a long period of sleep, the ground squirrel goes into what might be thought of as a state of near suspended animation.
		California Ground Squirrels may live as long as six years, but three or four years is probably their average life span in the wild.
	www.etc-etc.com /sqrlinfo.htm (979 words)

	All American Story -Hawaiian, Native American, and Immigrant Short Stories
		Because these little squirrels are so tasty, people paid alot of attention to them, and quickly discovered ground squirrels could teach them alot about how to survive in the desert.
		By watching the squirrels, people could see it was much easier and safer to get rid of all those tiny, sharp spines protecting the fruit by simply rolling the fruit over the sand a few times until all the spines fell off.
		The squirrel was in shock from its narrow escape from death, so it ran straight up to the hawk just like the hawk was another squirrel, jumping up and down and screaming its outrage at being attacked.
	www.angelfire.com /hi2/leffanta/squirrels.html (1328 words)

	Idaho Ground Squirrel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Idaho Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus) is a species of the largest genus of ground squirrels.
		The Northern subspecies is found in Valley and Adams counties, in about two dozen isolated demes (population groups) occurring at an elevation of between 1150-1550 meters (3775-5075 feet).
		The Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel can be found in an area about 30 by 70 kilometers (48 by 113 miles) extending from Emmett, Idaho, northwest to Weiser, Idaho and the surrounding area of Squaw Butte, Midvale Hill, and Henley Basin in Gem, Payette, and Washington counties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Idaho_Ground_Squirrel (200 words)

	RoguePundit: Ground Squirrel Hunting
		The squirrels like to feed on the crops, and their burrows both disrupt the intended effects of irrigation and make it more difficult for farm machinery to navigate the fields.
		Ground squirrels don't like tall vegetation (they want a clear view to see potential enemies), but they will compete for the edges of fields and can take large areas when crops are young.
		While ground squirrels can be trapped, the only real effective ways to dent their numbers are poisons and bullets.
	roguepundit.typepad.com /roguepundit/2004/03/squirrel_huntin.html (1454 words)

	SDNHM - California Ground Squirrel
		This ground squirrel is found in many plant communities in all the life zones from the coast into the mountains, from southern California to central Washington.
		Some species of ground squirrels become torpid (metabolism slows down) when food is scarce and most use stored fat for energy during estivation (passing the summer or dry season in a torpid state) and hibernation (passing the winter in a resting state).
		When ground squirrel numbers are high their activities, burrows, and food preferences may cause problems for ranchers and farmers.
	www.sdnhm.org /fieldguide/mammals/sper-bee.html (626 words)

	Facing down the meddlesome ground squirrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The ground squirrel, however, has long played a role in the California ecosystem, so open warfare with them may not be suitable.
		Although squirrel populations during the subsequent extermination drive remained high, the poisoning campaign did kill many of the squirrels' principal predators, including bobcats, coyotes and the gray fox.
		Despite having created the squirrel's favorite habitat by clearing the acreage of brushy, woody growth and promoting the spread of annual weeds and grasses by cultivating the ground, we consider the ground squirrel persona non grata.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/07/20/HO173158.DTL (1303 words)

	GROUND-SQUIRREL - LoveToKnow Article on GROUND-SQUIRREL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		They are closely allied tc squirrels, from which they are distinguished by the possession of cheek-pouches for the storage of food.
		The sides, or the sides and back, are marked with light stripes bordered by dark bands the ears are small, and without tufts; and the tail is relatively short.
		Although generally keeping to the ground, when hunted they take to trees, which they climb in search of food.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GR/GROUND_SQUIRREL.htm (201 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances
		The intent of the Agreement is to conserve southern Idaho ground squirrels by protecting and enhancing ground squirrel habitat and populations, and reintroducing ground squirrels into currently unoccupied suitable habitat, in a manner that is consistent with Soulen Livestock's farming and ranching operations.
		Southern Idaho ground squirrels are largely dependent on private lands: 85 percent of the occupied ground squirrel sites are located on private lands, mostly ranches and farms; 12 percent are under federal management by the Bureau of Land Management; and 3 percent of the sites are on lands managed by the Idaho Department of Lands.
		On these unsurveyed lands, both individual ground squirrels and their habitat will be protected from land use activities that may have adverse effects at any sites identified in the future as occupied by southern Idaho ground squirrels, or sites identified by the agencies as reintroduction/translocation sites.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2002/March/Day-21/i6810.htm (1199 words)

	Richardson's Ground Squirrel
		This squirrel is a burrowing mammal which prefers to inhabit sandy, well-drained soils of prairies and pastures throughout north and eastern North Dakota.
		Richardson ground squirrels are only active during daylight hours and dig their meandering burrows about 3 1/2 inches in diameter, 15-20 feet in length, and 4-5 feet below the surface.
		A high death rate for the Richardson ground squirrel is contributed to a variety of factors.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/distr/mammals/mammals/richard.htm (429 words)

	Squirrel Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		Squirrels are common rodents that have hairy tails and strong hind legs.
		Tree squirrels are the squirrels that are common in cities.
		Ground squirrels have pouches in their cheeks in which they carry food to their burrow to store.
	enchantedlearning.com /subjects/mammals/rodent/Squirrelprintout.shtml (243 words)

	EEK! - Critter Corner - 13-lined Ground Squirrel
		Some people call these rascally squirrels "Federation Squirrels" because of the pattern on their back and sides which looks like stars and stripes.
		You’ll find the 13-lined ground squirrel in prairies and fields, brushy areas, and in small stands of trees.
		The 13-lined ground squirrel burrows beneath the ground during the winter and seals the entrance before hibernating.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/13squirrel.htm (327 words)

	Idaho Ground Squirrel
		Ground squirrels are distinguished by their cheek pouches, which open into their mouths.
		When not hibernating, the Idaho Ground Squirrel spends much of its time foraging and needs to eat large amounts of seeds, leaves, and vegetation to store up fat to sustain them during their long sleep.
		As the numbers and areas of population for the Northern and Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel have decreased so drastically, many measures are being undertaken to try and conserve the species.
	www.unitedstatesfauna.com /idahogroundsquirrel.php (444 words)

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