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Topic: Ground stone

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	Ground stone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt, rhyolite, granite, or other macrocrystalline igneous stones whose coarse structure makes them ideal for grinding other materials, including plants and other stones.
		Some ground stone tools are incidental, caused by use with other tools: manos, for example, are hand stones used in conjunction with metates and other grinding slabs (querns), and develop their ground surfaces through wear.
		Other ground stone tools include adzes, celts, and axes, which are manufactured using a labor-intensive, time-consuming method of repeated grinding against a harder stone or with sand, often using water as a lubricant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ground_stone (160 words)

	Munhata, Ground Stone
		A unit termed "mélange", which included a sample of ground stone tools, also appears in the excavation record and is assigned to early level 2, namely to unit 2B (For a detailed discussion of the stratigraphic units studied, see Gopher 1989a: 13-14; 77-81).
		A large number of ground stone items from Munhata was left behind in the field after the 1967 season because of the outbreak of the Six Days war.
		Ground stone implements, especially those made on large blocks were commonly reused in a variety of ways (e.g.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/crfj/html/livres/cahiers/stone.htm (2033 words)

	Ground Stone, page 4 - Homol'ovi IV - Occasional Electronic Papers 1 - Arizona State Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Up to this point in ground stone studies the majority of research has focused on the first half of the ground stone object's life-history (manufacture, distribution, and primary or initial use).
		For example, the daily use of ground stone technology in the preparation of foodstuffs, as Bartlett recognized, was a significant aspect of pueblo daily life.
		If roasting pits and hearths were cleaned periodically or dismantled during construction or remodeling episodes, then sooted and burned ground stone materials would have been mixed into refuse deposits and eventually recovered from plaza and structure fill proviences.
	statemuseum.arizona.edu /pubs/asmoep/001/ch09/oep1_9_4.shtml (1180 words)

	Ground Stone, page 1 - Homol'ovi IV - Occasional Electronic Papers 1 - Arizona State Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The fragmentary and incomplete nature of these data suggests that ground stone analysts need to begin looking beyond the primary use contexts of their artifacts (e.g., grinding, abrading or chopping activities) to other behaviors and problems.
		The majority are fragmentary and amorphously-shaped stones recognized solely by the presence of worn or shaped surfaces.
		Such data expose the importance of the use and reuse of ground stone artifacts in walls, roasting pits, hearths, and various unknown tasks involving expedient grinding.
	statemuseum.arizona.edu /pubs/asmoep/001/ch09/oep1_9_1.shtml (1049 words)

	Ground Stone Axe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ground stone tools came into use in South Dakota about 2000 years ago.
		Axes such as this one were pecked into rough shape with small stones and then ground smooth against a hard rock or boulder.
		The groove, which encircles the axe on the top and sides, was for hafting to a wood handle.
	www.sdsmt.edu /wwwsarc/collectn/stone/axe.html (63 words)

	Çatalhöyük: Ground Stone Tools
		Making stone tools by pecking, grinding and polishing is a defining technology for the new stone age, or Neolithic period.
		Stone tools are often divided into two groups according to the technique used to make them: chipped stone and ground stone.
		Ground stone tools found at Çatalhöyük include axe heads, mace heads, querns for grinding grain, ornaments such as pendants, and mirrors of obsidian.
	www.smm.org /catal/artifacts/ground_stone_tools (155 words)

	Silver Creek Archaeological Project--Ground Stone Analysis
		Ground stone artifacts were used by the inhabitants of Western Pueblo sites for a wide variety of tasks, and were often multi-functional tools.
		Ground stone materials like manos and metates can be used to study aspects of Pueblo life such as changing subsistence strategies.
		To identify pottery polishing stones, Valado's (1999) analysis compared the archaeological polishing stones with those used in an experimental analysis of use wear related to the polishing of ceramic materials.
	artmuseum.arizona.edu /~scarp/analyses/groundstone (678 words)

	museum of anthropology :: university of kansas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ground and pecked on 2 sides; 1 side smooth, 1 with irregular pits in middle, 3 edge chipped and roughened; rose brown sandstone; 10.8 cm wide.
		Butt end of stone axe; material is either fine grained granite or diorite; dark gray with red tints; ground and pecked and end and side are battered; 5.89cm high, 4.5cm wide, 3.3cm thick.
		Quartzite, pecked ground stone, probable bit end, shows hammering, probable poll end, shows pecking action.
	www.anthro.ku.edu /hopewell/kelley_groundstone.php?limit=0 (279 words)

	Layne GeoConstruction - Vibratory Ground Improvement & Stone Columns
		Stone columns are created by adding crushed stone through a separate duct along side the vibroprobe.
		The stone column serves as a vertical drain, thus reduces excess pore pressures caused by repaid loading or earthquakes, making soil liquefaction less likely.
		Vibrocompaction and stone columns, are among the oldest vibratory ground improvement technologies, but remain the most economical solutions for foundation stabilization.
	www.laynegeo.com /vgi.html (154 words)

	The University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist -- Cowan Site ground stone & cobble tools
		The various non-chipped stone lithic materials from the Cowan site were segregated into general categories related to their lithology, modification, and use.
		Ground stone tools typically exhibit intentional shaping by pecking, grinding, and polishing.
		For example, some fire-cracked rock specimens were derived from what had originally been ground stone and cobble tools such as manos and metates.
	www.uiowa.edu /~osa/gcp/cowan/ground_stone.htm (834 words)

	KIP: Research Areas, Ground Stone
		in the case of site 004, all types of ground stone tools were made exclusively of conglomerate while at site 006 of sandstone, indicating probably differential access to raw material sources and not simply differential workability of the material (both sites are of primarily EBA date).
		The consistently larger number of ground stone tools found in prehistoric sites, in comparison to sites of other periods, is also worth mentioning.
		Plans for the 2004 season include ethnographic research on local manufacture and use of ground stone artefacts, and milling operations in recent centuries.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /kip/groundstone.php (375 words)

	The Bridgeton Mill
		Each of our products is fresh stone ground and 100% natural.
		Use stone ground flour, corn meal or grits, milled the old-fashioned way with no preservatives, to produce the freshest baked goods.
		Schnitzer's stone ground whole grain flour is best for you.
	www.bridgetonmill.com /sm/9/stone-ground-flour.html (724 words)

	Ground Stone Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As the name indicates, ground stone tools were made by grinding and smoothing one rock with another.
		To prepare fields for planting, stone axes were used to remove undergrowth.
		Stone adzes were also used for stripping small branches off of bigger tree limbs.
	www.nku.edu /~anthro/nkuanthromuseum/FAweb/GroundStoneTools.htm (235 words)

	DRAGONS MOON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stone flicked a pebble into the stream, and he hit a fish on the head, and it sunk to the bottom.
		Stone never found out how he could be so quiet, he tried and tried but he always made some sort of soft noise.
		Stone was too frightened to move or say anything, she would surely rip him to pieces.
	www.dracoslair.net /dmoon.html (24387 words)

	Allrecipes \| Cook's Encyclopedia \| flour
		The finely ground and sifted meal of any of various edible grains.
		Giant steel or stone rollers are used to break and grind the grain.
		The more naturally nutritious stone-ground flour is produced by grinding the grain between two slowly moving stones.
	allrecipes.com /advice/ref/ency/terms/6515.asp (688 words)

	Ground stone -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ground stone -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		In (The branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures) archaeology, ground stone is a category of (Click link for more info and facts about stone tool) stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained (Click link for more info and facts about tool stone) tool stone, either purposefully or incidentally.
		Some ground stone tools are incidental, caused by use with other tools: (Click link for more info and facts about mano) manos, for example, are hand stones used in conjunction with metates and other (Click link for more info and facts about grinding slab) grinding slabs (querns), and develop their ground surfaces through wear.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/ground_stone.htm (129 words)

	Native Americans:Historic:The Illinois:Technology:Tools:Ground Stone
		is fashioned from a red stone, polished like marble, and bored in such a manner that one end serves as a receptacle for the tobacco, while the other fits into the stem; this is a stick two feet long, as thick as an ordinary cane, and bored through the middle.
		cobbles, which were available locally in rock outcrops and deposits of stone left behind by glaciers.
		Granitic cobbles were pecked and ground to create
	www.museum.state.il.us /muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_ground.html (212 words)

	NativeTech: Bead and Pendant Types of the Northeast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stone Beads and Pendants of the Eastern Forest
		Stone beads, ground slate pendants, gorgets worn around the neck and other ornamental stones were produced by Native Americans from archaic times through the period of European contact.
		Stone pendant shapes included ovals, rectangles and diamond shapes with serrated edges, arrows, triangles, animal figures and elongate polished pebbles with full grooves for suspension.
	www.nativetech.org /beadpen/stone.html (92 words)

	GROUND COVER STONE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stone Flagging And Tumbled Pavers Belgard Pavers And Walls Cultured Stone Stone Signs Ground Cover Ground Cover can be purchased in bulk and 1/2 cubic foot bags Beach Rock 2-1/2andquot; Minus Color: Black, Gray...
		Ground Cover Natural Stone Don?t let our name fool you.
		Ground Cover Stone Stone Cover is the best way to add color and variety to all your landscaping projects...
	www.0137-service.de (272 words)

	Pleasant Valley Cemetery Dallas Co. Cemeteries of TX
		But the old stone chimney of Boydtun's house remained unchanged, and weathered the ravages of time for 72 years until it was destroyed by fire in the year 1920.
		Her grave had no stone until one was placed in 1998 by her descendants, using dates passed down by her granddaughter, Roberta Dukes Richardson.
		Ground, Frances B(elle) (Lowe), 34/06, 17 Aug 1879, 22 Mar 1964, dau of Edward and Fannie (Lowe) Ground, Stone OK Ground, Inf son of Robt.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/tx/topic/cemeteries/Etx/Dallas/cemetery/pleasant.htm (12658 words)

	Ground Stone Analysis A Technological Approach
		Because there is a fuzzy set between flaked and ground stone artifacts, some analysts state that ground stone includes any stone item not considered flaked.
		This manual presents a flexible yet structured method for analyzing stone artifacts and classifying them in meaningful categories.
		It is sure to become a mandatory part of every archaeologist’s library.”—Tammy Stone, University of Colorado at Denver
	www.uofupress.com /store/product87.html (154 words)

	Oatmeal & Porridge
		Until the advent of industrial processing, the crop would be stone ground at a watermill.
		The Aberfeldy Water Mill still does this, and their website has an excellent description of the processing of stone ground oats.
		For centuries the Scot's used a porridge stick to stir their oatmeal as it cooked slowly over a peat fire.
	www.seafoamwoodturning.com /Sites_I_Like/oatmeal_porridge.htm (555 words)

	Stone Ground - Icons, Screensavers, etc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Stone Ground has enough headstones to stuff your own desktop cemetery full of victims.
		An iContainer of Stone Ground is also available at warrior~poet.
		Any questions, complaints or claims regarding the applications must be directed to the appropriate software vendor.
	www.apple.com /downloads/macosx/icons_screensavers/stoneground.html (109 words)

	eBay - stone ground, Cultures, Ethnicities, Collectibles items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		NEW - Water Ground Stone: The Ground of Japanese Poetry
		Stone Ground: A History of Union Mills by Fairfax Count
		For Your Health-Stone Ground Flax Seed Omega 3 and 6
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=stone+ground&newu=1&krd=1 (301 words)

	museum of anthropology :: university of kansas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Total number of Ground Stone: 46 (1 thru 15)
		Conical shape; smooth stone; pink to yellow-tan chert with fossiliforous inclusions; 4.8 cm wide at rim
		Worked stone with pecking; light gray; flattened on one face; 8.8 cm long
	www.anthro.ku.edu /hopewell/trowbridge_groundstone.php?limit=0 (118 words)

	Holistic Health Encyclopedia - I
		Good external sources are cantaloupe, grapefruit, oranges, limes, stone ground whole wheat bread, cooked beans & green beans.
		An excellant way to visualize the urinary tract to survey for obstruction, stones or tumors.
		An atom or radical having a charge of positive (cation) or negative (anion) electricity owing to the loss (positive) or gain (negative) of one or more electrons.
	www.findhealer.com /glossary/I.php3 (2068 words)

	Stone Ground Flour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We mill it from specially selected high protein hard red winter wheat and hard red spring wheat to achieve a balance of strength, flavor and performance that is delicious, nutritious and a joy to bake with.
		It’s made from selected high protein hard red spring wheats and ground to a beautiful consistency on an old style European horizontal stone mill.
		Made from the best and most flavorful rye berries we’ve ever found, you can count on this flour to be a real pleasure to work with and to taste.
	www.greenmountainmills.com /stonemain.htm (490 words)

	Richmond West Cemetery, Bayham Twp., Elgin County, Ontario
		In / memory of / Elsia J. / dau of Wm D. and Eliza J. died / Jan. 11, 1971 / AE 14 yr 4 ms / and 4 ds / One we loved hath left our number / For the dark and silent tomb / Closed her eyes in deathless slumber /.......
		Broken stone with base; White rectangular stone with laurel and mourning curtain.
		Concrete stone with drape across top; scroll with “Lillie” on log on top of drape; H and T Aylmer.
	www.elginogs.ca /cemeteries/bayham/richmondwest.htm (9529 words)

	MINI REPLICA STADIUMS / MUSICAL GLOBES
		A time consuming, individualized process is then employed to achieve the delicate detail that characterizes each piece.
		Features Height 6 inches; Width of base 5.5 inches Hexagon shaped stone base Musical globe plays the school fight song Raised imprint of school logos painted on the base Resin mascot in center of globe spins clockwise when music plays Team colored swirling confetti Water contained glass globe Officially licensed.
		The distinctive snow globe plays "I wanna be a football hero when tapped, and displays a detailed stadium made of crushed stone and resin with team-colored swirling confetti.Requires 2 aa batteries not included.
	www.nflnut.com /store/page96.html (6978 words)

	Ground Stone Tools (Clampitt Site) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Geode fragments also made up a large portion of the fire-cracked rock sample from the site.
		The complete grinding stone found in Burial Feature I (see above and Plate 4) was made from granitic rock.
		This artifact and only a few fragments of tools made from similar material, attest to the limited availability of high quality materials.
	www.gbl.indiana.edu /abstracts/clampitt/tools.html (153 words)

	Plochman's Mustard/Natural Stone Ground (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		All you Plochman’s lovers are noted for your fine taste and appreciation for classic tradition.
		Hence, our award-winning Natural Stone Ground mustard, its formulation started with the first Mr.
		Plochman in the nineteenth century, yet its zip and zing is as up to date as today’s tastes.
	www.plochman.com /productstoneground.htm (87 words)

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