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Topic: Groundnut

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	Food that Heal - Groundnut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The groundnut belongs to the pea and bean family and is a legume.
		Liberal use of groundnuts should also be avoided by persons with gastritis and jaundice as their excessive use causes hyperacidity of the stomach, indigestion and heart burn.
		Chewing fresh groundnuts with a pinch of salt strengthens the gum, cures stomatitis, kills harmful bacteria and safeguards the enamel of the teeth.
	www.indiangyan.com /books/healthbooks/food_that_heal/groundnut.shtml (1097 words)

	Groundnut as a commodity traded MCX, NMCE, NCDEX and other Indian commodity exchanges
		Groundnut is an oilseed derived from the fruit of the groundnut plant.
		Groundnut was being cultivated in the new world countries since 2500BC and this was the place where a diversity of the species of groundnut was cultivated.
		Groundnut is one of the vastly produced oilseed crop in the world as it is cultivated in more than 100 countries in the world and that is why it is referred to as a universal crop.
	www.crnindia.com /commodity/groundnut.html (1800 words)

	CGIAR: Research & Impact: Areas of Research: Groundnut
		Groundnut-or peanut as it is also called-is a four-foliate legume with yellow sessile flowers and subterranean fruits.
		Groundnut is a valuable source of E, K, and B vitamins (it is the richest plant source of thiamine (B1), and is also rich in niacin, which is low in cereals).
		A research on groundnut is important to the CGIAR because of the crop's important dietary contribution, its use as a cash crop and income generator, its potential in meeting part of the global demand for vegetable oils, its secondary value as animal feed and fodder, and its contribution to the sustainability of mixed cropping systems.
	www.cgiar.org /impact/research/groundnut.html (440 words)

	\|\| ICRISAT \|\| Crops : GroundNut
		Groundnut is the 13 th most important food crop of the world.
		Globally, 50% of groundnut produce is used for oil extraction, 37% for confectionery use and 12 % for seed purpose.
		Groundnut is currently grown on nearly 26 m ha worldwide with a total production of 36 m t and average yield of 1348 kg ha-1.
	www.icrisat.org /GroundNut/GroundNut.htm (534 words)

	Crops Gallery: Groundnut
		Sufficient variability exists in groundnut for various morphological and economic traits: seed size, (17-124 g 100-seeds-1), seed color (white, light rose, rose, red, purple, white blotched with purple red), number of seeds pod-1 (1-5), and pod length (11-83 mm) and pod breadth (9-27 mm).
		Groundnut originated in the southern Bolivia/north west Argentina region in south America and is presently cultivated in 108 countries of the world.
		Important groundnut producing countries are China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam in Asia; Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Zaire, Chad, Uganda, Cote d'Ivory, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mozambique, and Cameroon in Africa; Argentina and Brazil in South America and USA and Mexico in North America.
	www.icrisat.org /text/coolstuff/crops/gcrops4.html (673 words)

	Potential of groundnut cultivation -DAWN - Business; 16 February, 2004
		Groundnut, peanut or monkey nut is an important kharif oilseed crop and occupies second largest area among oilseed crops.
		Groundnut is a kharif season crop and grown during the rainy season.
		It was investigated that all groundnut is sold by the farmers as pods and grading was not done by the growers.
	www.dawn.com /2004/02/16/ebr15.htm (1359 words)

	World Geography of the Peanut
		Groundnut productivity in India has remained low mainly because the crop is traditionally grown in the dryland belt of India characterized by poor soil fertility, erratic rainfall and low input levels.
		While groundnuts are used primarily for vegetable oil in most of the world, in the USA they are grown mainly for food including peanut butter, roasted-in-the-shell, candy, and as shelled whole seeds that are salted or dry-roasted (Isleib and Wynne, 1992).
		Groundnuts can also be grown in large quantity with the use of high amount of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, high yielding cultivars, and irrigation.
	lanra.anthro.uga.edu /peanut/publications/wgg.cfm (3045 words)

	INPhO: Compendium Chapter21 Groundnut 5.2 Major problems
		Groundnut seed are also prone to loss of viability during storage plus losses due to very serious insect and pest damages.
		Accordingly, farmers cultivating groundnut in the winter/summer season in the paddy fallow are compelled to depend on poor quality seed brought from the neighbouring states.
		Groundnuts are very popular in Saurastra (Gujarat), India and small farmers usually take it to their home to eat after roasting where as city dwellers purchase it from the market.
	www.fao.org /inpho/content/compend/text/Ch21sec5_2.htm (2371 words)

	Introduction of the groundnut to The Gambia
		The introduction of the Groundnut to The Gambia
		Unlike the African bambara groundnut, it is not an indigenous species, but was brought by Portuguese traders from the Americas in the 16th century.
		Groundnut oil, imported from far away coasts, were to become cheaper compared to the traditional vegetable oils used in Europe (olive, flax, sunflower, etc.).
	www.afrol.com /archive/groundnuts_gambia.htm (1040 words)

	KISSAN - Kerala
		Groundnut appear to have originated in Brazil in South America.
		Groundnut can be cultivated as a floor crop in coconut gardens, as an intercrop with tapioca and as a catch crop after second crop paddy with irrigation.
		Red hairy caterpillar, termites and leaf miners are the major pests of groundnut.
	www.kissankerala.net /kissan/kissancontents/groundnut.htm (437 words)

	Groundnut
		Groundnut was so important to the colonists of the Connecticut River valley that in 1654, the town of Southampton passed a law that prohibited Amerindians from digging groundnut on "English-Lands." The first offense was punishable by a period in the stocks; for the second offense, the culprit was whipped!
		Groundnut tubers are high in starch and protein; in fact, on a dry weight basis, groundnut tubers have three times the protein as potatoes (another kind of storage tuber).
		Groundnut is a wild plant with a great potential as a future food source.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/groundnt.html (775 words)

	Senegal TED Case Study
		Groundnut exporters complained shortly after to the WTO; a representative of the Gambia criticized these new standards, on the claim they "effectively restrict entry of the Gambia's groundnuts and essentially the groundnut from producers countries in the developing countries to the European Union" (6).
		Groundnuts, sorghum, cotton and maize are grown in the Western region.
		Variety 55-437 is mostly used in the Groundnut Basin, that is the driest region in Senegal, with average rainfall of 400 to 650 mm.
	www.american.edu /TED/senegal-groundnut.htm (10519 words)

	SOS Children's Villages: Groundnut soup
		Groundnut pancakes Stir all the dry ingredients together.
		Groundnut biscuits 12 spoons of pounded raw groundnuts 4 spoons of sugar 1 egg 6 spoons of maize flour 1 spoon of oil 5 spoons of water...
		Add the water and a pinch of salt and boil until the vegetables are tender.
	www.sos-childrensvillages.org /html/groundnut_soup.html (406 words)

	rediff.com: More rains in India but not enough for groundnut: Reuters
		India's groundnut-growing western state of Gujarat received some rain as the southwest monsoon advanced, but traders said on Tuesday the showers were not yet sufficient to improve crop conditions.
		Groundnut and soybean are the country's main winter oilseed crops.
		The groundnut crop is okay now, if it rains this week the crop will be saved," said Vinod Patel, a trader in the town of Junagarh, where groundnut is cultivated.
	www.rediff.com /money/2002/aug/06rain1.htm (661 words)

	African Groundnut Council
		Although, the 300 uses of groundnut suggested by Dr. George Washington Carver at the beginning of the last century have not all been explored, one can still affirm that groundnut is being utilized in a great number of ways.
		It must be recalled that the Gambian authorities had in the 80s carried out researches on the possibilities of utilizing groundnut shells compressed into briquettes as a fuel source, in order to reduce the loss of wood.
		An analysis by an independent laboratory revealed that while groundnut briquettes burnt, they simply gave only two times the quantity of ash given by firewood, but more than half of the calorific value.
	www.afgroundnutcouncil.org /new_horizon4_groundnut.htm (421 words)

	Workshop on Groundnut Aflatoxin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Groundnut or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most susceptible host crops to Aspergillus flavus and A.
		Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut is of obvious importance throughout the world as it affects the cost of production, value, utilization and trade and is carcinogenic to human and animal.
		With the progress made in groundnut genomics research, molecular approaches have great potential in achieving the goal of eliminating aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts through functional genomics, marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering.
	www.aflatoxin.info /workshop2006 (295 words)

	Tanganyika groundnut scheme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme was a plan to cultivate tracts of what is now Tanzania with peanuts.
		The Groundnut Army decided to use "shervicks"—machines that were part Sherman tanks and part tractors—but they were also wrecked in short order.
		Later in the project, the Groundnut Army tried to switch to growing sunflowers for their oil, but a heavy drought destroyed the crop.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tanganyika_groundnut_scheme (987 words)

	Plant Viruses Online - Groundnut rosette umbravirus
		Different diseases called groundnut chlorotic rosette, groundnut green rosette and groundnut mosaic rosette caused by complexes of different strains of the virus, its assistor luteovirus and satellite RNAs.
		Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; requires, for vector transmission, a helper virus (groundnut rosette assistor luteovirus); transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.
		Replication depends on co-infection with a helper virus; it requires groundnut rosette assistor virus for aphid transmission, and the satellite RNA determines the symptoms.
	image.fs.uidaho.edu /vide/descr379.htm (575 words)

	afrol News: Troubled liberalisation of Senegalese groundnut sector
		The groundnut sector employs the bulk of the Senegalese rural population in some way.
		One of the main reasons for the reform to fail was the sudden dissolution of Sonagraines, a state company that might have inflated transport and collections costs, but had been a reliable and calculable partner for the groundnut producers.
		The result of this year's harvest was that while groundnuts production generally had been good, revenues for the farmers were marginal.
	www.afrol.com /News2002/sen012_grnut_liberalis.htm (741 words)

	Wealth Blossom Groundnut at Feng Shui Bestbuy
		One would also notice the presence of groundnuts during the festive chinese new year season among chinese families to generate luck associated to health and longevity.
		The groundnut is unique because it grows with its roots expanding in a wide area in the form of nodules.
		This groundnut is filled with two gold ingots instead of two nuts inside, which is excellent for those who desire to grow their business.
	www.fengshuibestbuy.com /SL10444-groundnut.html (335 words)

	Groundnut Root
		Groundnuts are the only nut in the world that grows below the ground (peanuts are not nuts by the way!).
		It is a highly nutritious plant in that it has 2 1/2 times the protein of an egg (..which is considered by some to be the perfect protein).
		Only a few amino acids are lacking in the groundnut but milk has them and makes a good drink when you are eating groundnuts.
	www.herbroots.com /roots/groundnut.html (336 words)

	African Groundnut Stew (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Groundnut stew is popular in many regions of Africa and around the world.
		The recipe is so globally widespread, it has evolved to include the various ingredients native to the new regions, but the groundnut is constant.
		In America, the groundnut is known as the peanut.
	www.ktca.org /donnasday/creative/recipe9.html (179 words)

	cgiarNews
		When farmers in a tough terrain select a groundnut variety, they know what is best for their needs.
		Improved groundnut variety ICGV 91114 from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has initiated a revolution in the dry, rocky Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh in India.
		Farmers typically grow groundnut on 800,000 hectares of the district, but in good years the area can rise to 1 million hectares, covering nearly 70% of the cultivated area in the district and making groundnut cultivation a pillar of strength for the rural economy.
	www.cgiar.org /enews/march2006/story_04.html (623 words)

	IPGRI Publication : Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is an indigenous African crop that has been cultivated for centuries from Senegal to Kenya, and from the Sahara to South Africa and Madagascar.
		Despite its drought tolerant properties, bambara groundnut has largely been ignored by the scientific community being regarded as a poor man's crop.
		These are followed by 6 papers each in two sections on agronomy and genetic resources, the recommendations of working groups and a report on the establishment of the International Bambara Groundnut Network.
	www.ipgri.cgiar.org /publications/pubfile.asp?ID_PUB=499 (188 words)

	INPhO: Compendium Chapter 21 on Groundnut 6. References and Further Readings
		Utilisation of groundnut in India and scope for novel and alternative uses.
		Storage of rabi/summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with calcium chloride for prolonged seed viability and vigour, Trop.
		Assessment of groundnut research achievements in the Savannah region in West Africa, pp.
	www.fao.org /inpho/content/compend/text/Ch21sec6.htm (2141 words)

	Groundnut policies, global trade dynamics, and the impact of trade liberalization
		Groundnut products are of central economic importance to millions of smallholders in Africa, India, and Southern China.
		Groundnut trade is heavily distorted, and this has affected the competitive position of various players in world markets.
		The authors find that trade liberalization in groundnut markets has a strong South-South dimension with policies in India, and to a lesser extent China, heavily depressing the world prices of groundnut products at the expense of smaller developing countries mainly located in Africa.
	ideas.repec.org /p/wbk/wbrwps/3226.html (729 words)

	Groundnut (Science U)
		The flowers of this vine resemble pea flowers, and in fact, Groundnut is a member of the pea family.
		While the flowers are extremely beautiful, they are not the only thing this plant has to offer; the plant has edible tubers which were eaten by Indians and pilgrims, both in stews, and fried like potatoes.
		The Groundnut vine prefers swampy, low-lying areas, and tends to grow quickly and spread rapidly.
	www.scienceu.com /library/articles/flowers/groundnut.html (79 words)

	Groundnut Stew - The Congo Cookbook (African recipes) www.congocookbook.com - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Groundnut is the common African word for peanut, and Groundnut Stew or Groundnut Chop is one of many Chop dishes; the Western African version of the Chicken in Peanut-Tomato Sauce eaten all over sub-Saharan Africa.
		Palm-Oil Chop is similar to Groundnut Stew: the main difference is that peanuts (or peanut butter) in Groundnut Stew replace the palm nuts (or canned palm soup base) and in Palm-Oil Chop.
		Use sweet potatoes and as many of the optional vegetables as possible for the vegetarian version.
	www.congocookbook.com /c0031.html (771 words)

	CARD: Groundnut Trade Liberalization: A South-South Debate?
		We analyze several groundnut trade liberalization scenarios in deviation from the recent historical baseline.
		Trade liberalization in groundnut markets has a strong South-South dimension, opposing India and, to a lesser extent, China to smaller developing countries mainly located in Africa.
		CARD is a center located within the Department of Economics in the College of Agriculture at Iowa State University.
	www.card.iastate.edu /publications/synopsis.aspx?id=502 (259 words)

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