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Topic: Groundwater recharge

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Groundwater Groundwater is recharged from precipitation falling on aquifer rock outcrops or by precipitation infiltrating through the zone of aeration. In some areas, natural recharge is less than groundwater withdrawal and aquifers may have to be artiflcially reccharged by the reinjection of water into wells or the use of recharge basins. Groundwater is water lying below the water table (an imaginary surface marking the depth below which all pore spaces are filled with water). www.geo.ua.edu /intro03/Hydro.html   (1456 words)

DPLA - Groundwater Funding is provided for groundwater recharge and storage, feasibility studies, and construction activities through the grant and loan programs. General information is provided on groundwater and recharge programs, subsidence, and well standards. DWR Districts investigate the potential for land surface subsidence caused by extraction of groundwater and determine rates and magnitudes of subsidence by surveying or with extensometers. www.dpla2.water.ca.gov /dplanav.cfm?nav=Groundwater   (548 words)

Abstract For two-dimensional groundwater flow governed by Laplace's equation there exists both a discharge potential function and a stream function, which are each other's conjugate harmonics. By treating these solutions to Poisson's equation separately, the stream function can be utilized in a manner similar to that for flow without areal recharge or leakage. In the context of the analytic element method (AEM), a technique had been developed which allows the stream function to be used in models which include areal recharge or leakage. www.indiana.edu /~grwater/abstracts/art4.html   (548 words)

Modeling Groundwater Flow under Transient Nonlinear Free Surface This article presents a procedure to simulate groundwater flow subject to a nonlinear moving boundary resulting from periodic recharge and significant vertical hydraulic gradients. As a corollary, periodic recharge is imbedded in hydraulic gradients and pore velocities. Under these conditions the Dupuit assumptions are not valid, and the governing equation is an elliptic partial differential equation that reduces to Laplace’s equation in homogeneous isotropic aquifers. www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0301277   (548 words)

Groundwater - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is naturally replenished by surface water from precipitation, streams, and rivers when this recharge reaches the water table. Groundwater can be a long-term 'reservoir' of the natural water cycle (with residence times from days to millennia), as opposed to short-term water reservoirs like the atmosphere and fresh surface water (which have residence times from minutes to years). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Groundwater   (1178 words)

Groundwater Groundwater is replenished by percolation of water from the zone of aeration downward to the zone of saturation, or in the recharge zone of a confined aquifer. Groundwater is found in aquifers, bodies of earth material that have the ability to hold and transmit water. Groundwater is an important source of water for human activities such as agriculture and domestic drinking water. www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/hydrosphere/subsurface_water_groundwater.html   (582 words)

Page 10. Groundwater Groundwater generally moves very slowly and follows the least resistive (most permeable) pathway from the point of recharge (where water enters the aquifer) to the point of discharge (where water leaves the aquifer). Groundwater from wells and springs is the most important source of water supply in the region, providing more than half of the total water consumption. Groundwater is contained in openings in water-bearing rock units called aquifers. exact-me.org /overview/p10.htm   (566 words)

Freshwater Website: Publications - FSA-5: Groundwater The kinds of chemical constituents found in groundwater depend, in part, on the chemistry of the precipitation and recharge water. Groundwater scientists generally distinguish between two types of aquifers in terms of the physical attributes of the aquifer: porous media and fractured aquifers. Groundwater is not confined to only a few channels or depressions in the same way that surface water is concentrated in streams and lakes. www.ec.gc.ca /water/en/info/pubs/FS/e_FSA5.htm   (4489 words)

The Environmental Literacy Council - Groundwater Depending on where the water table is located, the groundwater may flow into the rivers or streams or water from the rivers or streams may recharge the groundwater. Groundwater, which is water found below the surface of the land, supplies about 50 percent of drinking water in the U.S, and is a source for irrigation water for millions of acres of cropland. The availability of groundwater depends on the subsurface geology; there must be geological formations that are sufficiently porous and permeable to both hold water and permit it to flow through the rock. www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/708.html   (287 words)

Groundwater Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge (NATO Advance Science Institute Series, C : Mathematics and Physical Science, Vol 222) Sign up to be e-mailed when new book releases for "groundwater" arrive. Groundwater by R. Allan Freeze, John A. Cherry (Hardcover) www.geocities.com /winoker/gw.html   (378 words)

Groundwater Modeling Flow from external stresses, such as flow to wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, flow to drains, and flow through river beds, can be simulated. The modular finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) simulates steady and nonsteady flow in an irregularly shaped flow system in which aquifer layers can be confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988; Harbaugh and McDonald, 1996). Estimates are based on a closed-form analytical solution of the advective-dispersive-reactive transport equation. www.ehsfreeware.com /gwqclean.htm   (378 words)

Groundwater flow GFLOW1 is a conjunctive surface water and groundwater flow model based on the Dupuit-Forcheimer assumption, but it supports 3D streamline tracing with line sinks and sources, injection and withdrawal wells, ponds, regional uniform flow, and areal recharge. A finite element program for analysing steady state flow of groundwater in 2D using three node constant velocity elements. Outputs pressure at all nodes and velocities and fluxes in all members, and determines all possible flow paths from the node representing the contaminant source to the discharge node, and the pertinent mean flow, retardation factor, time of travel and path length for each path. www.ejge.com /1996/Ppr9602/gwflow.htm   (378 words)

gwflweqn.html 2-Dimensional Steady State Flow in a Homogeneous, Isotropic Aquifer (no source/sink term) (Laplace Equation in 2-D) 2-Dimensional, Horizontal Flow for Unconfined Aquifer (including source/sink term for recharge/leakage) Linearized form of the Boussinesq equation, h approximately constant (i.e. Homogeneous, Isotropic (flow of heat and diffusion of solutes also follow this equation): www-personal.umich.edu /~hoaglund/gwflweqn/gwflweqn.html   (378 words)

Thesis Proposal As a result of these studies, two aquifers have been identified within the valley, and estimations of aquifer parameters such as recharge, evapotranspiration, transmissivity, and storativity of the aquifers have been evaluated, revised and tested by various groundwater models that have been developed for the purposes of making recommendations for a responsible groundwater management plan. Lee used orographic effects on precipitation to estimate recharge to the valley to be 27,000 acre feet/year from runoff, and evapotranspiration was estimated to be 31,630 acre-feet/year. The groundwater system in the valley was simulated as two layers: Layer 1, the upper layer, represents the shallow aquifer found on the east side of the valley. www.majorproduction.net /thesis.htm   (378 words)

Appendix H2O - Water Supply and Land Use in NE Santa Cruz County Researchers do not agree on some factors, including the direction and volume of groundwater flow from the UCCB to adjoining basins, the total amount of recharge, and the amount of recharge that can be attributed to each of the mountain ranges surrounding the UCCB. This requires that water use be balanced with the average annual groundwater recharge. Available water level data indicate that groundwater which originates in the UCCB is discharged in the subsurface to the Sonoita Creek and, possibly, the Babocomari Rive groundwater basins. www.hanksville.org /crossroads/compplan/AppH.html   (2018 words)

Mullewa Community Bores Summary - Agriculture Western Australia There are opportunities to reduce the groundwater recharge occurring within Mullewa, and therefore reduce the risk of salinity. Mullewa is to some degree fortunate since most of its recharge appears to occur within the townsite and there are more opportunities for reducing recharge within a townsite than within cleared agricultural land. This report summarises the sources of groundwater problems and approaches to managing the problems in the Mullewa townsite, and suggests specific steps which can be taken. agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /environment/townsite_salinity/towns/Mullewa_Bores.htm   (2018 words)

Stinson Beach County Water District - Hydrologic Survey Documented groundwater levels and flow patterns are relatively stable on the Seadrift Lagoon side, reflecting the stability of the lagoon and the presence of numerous residences providing recharge through landscaping and septic return flows. Locally, the groundwater also is recharged by streamflow and by onsite wastewater disposal systems. The artesian conditions indicate that the clay layer beneath Stinson Gulch is sufficiently extensive and impermeable to confine groundwater in underlying sand and gravel zones, and that vertical groundwater gradients are upward. stinson-beach-cwd.dst.ca.us /hydro/ground.html   (2333 words)

ENVIS CENTRE, JNU Articles This study deals with groundwater modeling for assessing the groundwater balance and estimating the recharge in the Gundal sub-basin, which is located in a semi-arid portion of the Kabini river basin. The results of groundwater modeling, further supported through the groundwater chemistry analyses, show the impact of pumping resulting in regional groundwater flows influencing the hydrogeological regime in the recharge zone. The study also indicates that water levels in the excessive groundwater depletion zones in the Gundulpet area are sustained at the present level due to the inflows from the adjacent Nugu river basin. envisjnu.net /article_read.asp?id=446   (2333 words)

EPA: Federal Register: Notice of Intent To Prepare a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Salinas Valley Water Project, Monterey County, CA Salinas River Recharge, Conveyance and Diversion: The Salinas River would continue to provide for the recharge of the groundwater basin, and would serve as conveyance for a proposed downstream diversion facility. Reoperation of Reservoirs: The operation of the Nacimiento and San Antonio reservoirs serves two purposes: flood control and conservation (groundwater recharge through the Salinas River). The purpose of the proposed action is to provide for the long-term management and protection of groundwater resources in the Salinas River Basin by meeting the following objectives: Stopping seawater intrusion; Providing adequate water supplies to meet current and future (year 2030) needs; and Hydrologically balancing the groundwater basin in the Salinas Valley. www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2000/March/Day-03/i5105.htm   (1500 words)

ACP Données par pays Evaluation of the groundwater recharge process in a semiarid region of Tanzania, using delta D and delta (super 18) O; Proceedings of an international symposium on Application of tracers in arid zone hydrology Application of environmental isotopes to groundwater recharge studies in a semi-arid fractured crystalline basement area of Dodoma, Tanzania; Hydrogeochemical studies in sub-Saharan Africa Application of environmental isotopes in groundwater recharge studies in a semi arid fractured crystalline basement area of Dodoma, Tanzania; 10th conference of the Geological Society of Africa; GSA 95 international conference; abstract volume mines.acp.int /html/TZ_biblio_fr.html   (1500 words)

ATSDR - PHA - Fultz Landfill, Byesville, Guernsey County, Ohio Because the Byesville well is a significant artesian discharge point for the deep mine aquifer system, groundwater may flow in the aquifer from the Fultz site, a point of recharge, to the Byesville municipal well. The Byesville municipal well is in the deep mine aquifer which may receive recharge from groundwater and surface water at the site. The residents in the area surrounding the site and in the city of Byesville use groundwater as a drinking water supply. www.atsdr.cdc.gov /hac/pha/fultz/ful_p2.html   (5608 words)

A discussion is presented on these issues that leads to the conclusion that very high degrees of domestic wastewater treatment should be practiced to remove known hazardous constituents in secondarily treated wastewaters that are recharged to aquifers and There is considerable controversy today about the adequacy of the treatment of reclaimed domestic wastewaters before their use for ornamental shrubbery, golf course, playground, etc. irrigation as well as for enhanced groundwater recharge. One of the common uses of reclaimed domestic wastewaters is the irrigation of shrubbery golf courses, playgrounds, etc. Another increasing use is the recharge of groundwater systems. These individuals, while supporting domestic wastewater reuse projects for shrubbery and golf course irrigation and groundwater recharge conclude that treatment of domestic wastewaters beyond secondary treatment should be practiced. www.geoflow.com /wastewater/degreecontinued.htm   (3295 words)

Publications Evaluation of the good quantitative status of groundwater bodies is based on the estimation of available groundwater resources, which depends on the recharge and the amount of water needed to maintain the necessary baseflow for aquatic and/or evapotranspiration for terrestrial ecosystems. While the lowest groundwater recharge (less than 100 mm/year) coincide with the sites where the water bodies are located in the catchment. Significantly higher recharge (over 250 mm/year) is observed in the areas covered by the vegetation, mainly in the south. student.vub.ac.be /~batelaan/activities.html   (3295 words)

Session 6 The changes in recharge caused by urbanisation in turn influence the groundwater levels and flow regimes in the underlying aquifers. Groundwater Recharge in an Urbanising Area: A Case Study for Bangalore Urban and Rural Districts, Karnataka State, India The steps and methodology followed and data utilised for assessing quantum of rainfall recharged into the aquifers are presented in the paper. ces.iisc.ernet.in /energy/Lake2002abs/ses61.html   (633 words)

GRA / IAH Joint Membership Option IAH Commissions and Working Groups on special interest topics include: Hydrogeological Maps, Hardrock Hydrology, Managed Artificial Recharge, Groundwater Protection, Groundwater in Urban Areas, Transboundary Aquifers, Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping, Early Detection of Groundwater Quality Problems, Education and Training, and others; IAH is a scientific and educational organization whose aims are to promote research into and understanding of the proper management and protection of groundwater for the common good throughout the world. IAH provides a valuable forum for scientists and engineers working in the fields of hydrogeology and groundwater resource planning, management, and protection who have a broad interest in and an international or global perspective on groundwater resources and hydrogeological issues. www.grac.org /GRA_IAH.html   (633 words)

The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Two check dams to be built across Adyar As the check dams are to be constructed in freshwater zones, areas including Nandambakkam, Manapakkam and St. Thomas Mount, that lie on either side of the river would reap the benefits in the form of groundwater recharge. Tenders will also be invited by the month-end to rehabilitate the two check-dams across the Cooum River at Kannapalaiyam and Paruthipattu near Avadi for groundwater recharge. Two check dams will be constructed across the Adyar River at Nandambakkam and Manapakkam, southwest of Chennai, to facilitate groundwater recharge in the surrounding areas. www.hindu.com /2005/02/18/stories/2005021812130300.htm   (633 words)

Lake Grace Community Bores Summary - Agriculture Western Australia There are opportunities to reduce the groundwater recharge occurring within Lake Grace, and therefore reduce the risk of salinity. The three-day groundwater pumping test in Lake Grace showed that the watertable was lowered about 20 cm about 30 m away from the pumped bore (the bore was pumped at 0.24 L/second or about 21 m3/day), but the level was still falling slowly. This brief report summarises the sources of groundwater problems and approaches to managing them in the Lake Grace townsite, and then suggests specific steps which can be taken. agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /environment/townsite_salinity/towns/Lake_Grace_Bores.htm   (633 words)

Stream Piracy and Evolution of the Edwards Aquifer along the balcones escarpment, central Texas It is deduced that the landform-substrate assemblage on upland karstic plains represents a former level of slow fluvial downcutting with high rates of groundwater recharge, which resulted in the development of an extensive cavern network. Karstic plains also occur along lowlands adjacent to active streams where stream discharge is attenuated and recharge occurs via the "recharge caverns" of Thrailkill (1968). The topography, soils and other characteristics of these terranes are determined by the processes of concentrated groundwater infiltration coupled with attenuated erosional or depositional activity by surface streams. www.lib.utexas.edu /geo/BalconesEscarpment/pages77-90.html   (633 words)

IWMI-Tata Program - Policy Briefing The most effective way to recharge groundwater in the climatic and hydro-geological conditions of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, this research suggests, is to modify the unlined monsoon irrigation systems. Last year a team of IWMI researchers returned to the site to review the impacts of nearly a decade of trying this new approach to groundwater recharge. Recently published research suggests that the network of surface drains—that were constructed to control waterlogging and floods in the early 1950s but now rarely used—can be modified to catch monsoon rains and replenish falling groundwater tables in many areas of India. www.iwmi.cgiar.org /tata/brief1.htm   (2868 words)

Land-Use Change Impact Study in the Stepenitz Basin Resulting hydrological impacts are represented in the form of changes in mean annual totals for evapotranspiration (ET), groundwater recharge (GWR), surface runoff formation (SR) and basin discharge (BD). The results for the mean annual totals of the water-balance components evapotranspiration ET, groundwater recharge GWR, surface runoff SR and basin discharge BD show that moderate changes in land use result in only small changes of these components. Generally, the conversion of arable land into grassland ('dry pasture`) is preferred in areas with deep groundwater and considerable slope (to reduce erosion potential), whereas the conversion into meadows is restricted to areas with shallow groundwater. www.pik-potsdam.de /cp/ragtime/welcome.8.html   (2868 words)

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