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Topic: Group Code Recording

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	Station Information - Group Code Recording
		Group Code Recording (GCR) is a floppy disk data encoding format invented by Commodore Business Machines and used in the 5¼" disk drives for their 8-bit home/-personal computers (the best-known drive probably being the single-sided Commodore 1541, used with the C64 computer).
		While other formats such as MFM used a doubling of each 2-bit group to avoid this, GCR was tailored to give a much higher data density on the disc and avoid unnecessary redundancy, under the assumption that a few zeroes in a row was OK, but not too many.
		A disk data encoding format similar to GCR was adopted by the original Apple Macintosh 3½" floppy disk drive, though no attempt was made to be compatible with Commodore's system – in fact since the physical form of the disk itself was new, Apple was free to implement it any way they chose.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/group_code_recording.html (357 words)

	Norfolk Historic Buildings Group - Code of practice for recording buildings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thereafter, arrangements for recording shall be between the leader and the building owner and/or occupier ("owner") as required.
		Recording parties would not normally consist of more than 6 people and every attempt will be made to complete recording as quickly as possible.
		In the event of problems during or after recording, which are not soluble by the leader, the NHBG Chairman (Dr Adam Longcroft) should be contacted.
	www.nhbg.fsnet.co.uk /code.htm (429 words)

	Group Code Recording - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Group Code Recording (GCR) is a floppy disk data encoding format used by the Apple II and Commodore Business Machines in the 5¼" disk drives for their 8-bit computers (the best-known drives being the Disk II for the Apple II family and the Commodore 1541, used with the Commodore 64 computer).
		The purpose of GCR is to avoid too many consecutive zeroes (i.e.
		GCR is more efficient than FM coding, but less efficient than MFM.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Group_Code_Recording (158 words)

	Group Code Recording (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Group Code Recording (GCR) is a floppy disk data encoding format invented by Commodore Business Machines and used in the 5¼" disk drives for their 8-bit home/-personalcomputers (the best-known drive probably being the single-sided Commodore1541, used with the C64 computer).
		While otherformats such as MFM used a doubling of each 2-bit group to avoid this, GCR was tailored togive a much higher data density on the disc and avoid unnecessary redundancy,under the assumption that a few zeroes in a row was OK, but not too many.
		A disk data encoding format similar to GCR was adopted by the original Apple Macintosh 3½" floppy disk drive, though no attempt was made to be compatible with Commodore's system– in fact since the physical form of the disk itself was new, Apple was free to implement it any way they chose.
	www.therfcc.org /group-code-recording-178152.html (357 words)

	Modified Frequency Modulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modified Frequency Modulation, commonly MFM, is a line code used by most floppy disk formats, notably by most CP/M machines, as well as PCs running DOS.
		MFM was also used in early hard disk designs, before the advent of more efficient types of Run Length Limited (RLL) coding.
		Now, at the turn of the millennium, however, except for the steadily disappearing 1.44 MB floppy disk drives, MFM encoding is largely obsolete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modified_Frequency_Modulation (260 words)

	Run Length Limited - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Groups of bits are mapped to specific patterns of flux.
		The density of flux transitions is limited by the spatial resolution of the disk and frequency response of the head and electronics.
		Other schemes include Group Code Recording, FM and MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation).
	open-encyclopedia.com /RLL (214 words)

	ipedia.com: Magnetic tape Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nearly all recording tape is of this type, whether used for video with a video cassette rec...
		Magnetic tape was first used to record data in 1951 on the Mauchly-Eckert UNIVAC I.
		Recording density was 128 characters per inch at a linear speed of 100 ips, yielding a data rate of 12800 characters per second.
	www.ipedia.com /magnetic_tape.html (950 words)

	Encyclopedia: Group Code Recording (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Modified Frequency Modulation, commonly MFM, is the magnetic data recording scheme used by most floppy disk formats, notably by most CP/M machines, as well as PCs running DOS.
		Rotating disc computer storage media Modified Frequency Modulation, commonly MFM, is the magnetic data recording scheme used by most floppy disk formats, notably by most CP/M machines, as well as PCs running DOS.
		Run Length Limited codes, or RLL codes are widely used in hard disk drives and notably digital optical discs, such as CD, DVD and BluRay disc.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Group-Code-Recording (409 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Preservation of Historical Records (1986)
		In machine-readable records, any realistic discussion of the archival proper- ties cannot be separated from questions on the longevity of their associated hard- ware or machines.
		The long-term stability of the recording medium is necessary, but it is not a sufficient criterion for its use.
		DEFINITIONS In machine-readable records i.e., magnetic computer, audio, and video tape, magnetic and optical disks, and phonograph records it is understood that the recorded information can be usefully recovered only by converting it to a human-readable form such as paper text, a photograph, or a video terminal display.
	www.nap.edu /books/030903681X/html/61.html (3035 words)

	GROUP CODE RECORDING
		(GCR) A recording method used for 6250 BPI magnetic tapes.
		GCR typically uses a group of five bits of code to represent four bits of data, where the encoding ensures no more than two or three zeros occur in a row, and no more than eight or so ones occur in a row, where zeros represent an absense of magnetic change.
		Specialty definitions using "GROUP CODE RECORDING": Commodore 1541 &diams; GCR.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/GROUP+CODE+RECORDING (206 words)

	Articles - Run Length Limited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In consumer electronics, there is the Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation or EFM code (rate = 8/17, d=2, k=10), which is employed in the Compact Disc (CD), and the EFMPlus code (rate = 8/16, d=2, k=10) used in the DVD.
		Run length limited sequences are characterized by two parameters, (d+1) and (k+1), which stipulate the minimum (with the exception of the very first and last runlength) and maximum runlength, respectively, that may occur in the sequence.
		The grounds on which d and k values are selected, in turn, depend on various factors such as the channel response, the desired data rate (or information density), and the jitter and noise characteristics.
	www.1shredder.com /articles/RLL (266 words)

	Forensic Search Advisory Group: Code of Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Forensic Search Advisory Group represents a consortium of individuals with expertise in the location of buried or hidden remains.
		All members of the group have direct scene of crime experience and are committed to the use and development of technical and field skills for forensic purposes.
		The group is also advancing detection and recovery methodologies through an active programme of basic and applied research.
	www.brad.ac.uk /acad/archsci/external/fsag/fsagcode.html (308 words)

	Group Code Recording Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Looking For group code recording - Find group code recording and more at Lycos Search.
		Find group code recording - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for group code recording - Find group code recording at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Group_Code_Recording (356 words)

	Commodore 1541 from FOLDOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The 1541 was a single sided 160 Kb drive but converting to flippy disks would give another 160 Kb.
		The disk drive used Group Code Recording and contained a 6502 processor as a disk controller.
		Some people wrote code for it to vibrate the head at different frequencies to play tunes.
	gd.tuwien.ac.at /study/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?1541 (140 words)

	National P/N DP8459 - All-Code Data Synchronizer [Discontinued] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The DP8459 Data Synchronizer is an integrated phase locked loop circuit which has been designed for application in magnetic hard disk, flexible (floppy) disk, optical disk, and tape drive memory systems for data re-synchronization and clock recovery with any standard recording code, operating to 25 Mb/s.
		An optional (Customer-controlled) synchronization field frequency-acquisition feature guarantees lock, accommodating the preamble types used with GCR (Group Code Recording), MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation), the [1,N] run length limited (RLL) codes, and either of the standard 2,7 RLL codes.
		Precise synchronization window generation is achieved via an internal, self-aligning delay line which remains accurate independent of temperature, power supply, external component and IC process variations.
	www.national.com /pf/DP/DP8459.html (324 words)

	Project 404, INCITS 136-1986 [R1997] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Project 404 - INCITS 136-1986 [R1997], Serial Recorded Magnetic Tape Cartridge for Information Interchange, Four and Nine Track, 0.250 Inch (6.30 mm), 8000 bpi (315 bpmm), Streaming Mode, Group Code Recording (formerly ANSI X3.136-1986 (R1997))
		Provides a format and recording standard for an 8000-bpi (315-bpmm) streaming 0.250-inch (6.3-mm) wide, 4- and 9-track, magnetic tape in a cartridge to be used for information interchange between information processing systems, communication systems, and associated equipment utilizing a standard code for information interchange, as agreed upon by the interchange parties.
		This standard refers solely to recording on the 0.250-inch (6.30-mm) magnetic tape cartridge and complements American National Standard for Information systems - Unrecorded magnetic tape cartridge for information interchange, 0.250 inch (6.30 mm), 6400-10 000 ftpi (252-394 ftpmm), ANSI X3.127-1987.
	www.ncits.org /scopes/404.htm (147 words)

	Group Code Recording - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We found 2 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word Group Code Recording:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "Group Code Recording" is defined.
		Group Code Recording : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info]
	onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Group+Code+Recording (85 words)

	Livid's Lividict - Group Code Recording (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(GCR) A recording method used for 6250 BPI {
		Lividict is powered by standard dictd server developed by The DICT Development Group.
		RFC 2229 describes the DICT client/server protocol (local copy).
	livid.3322.org /lookup/Group%20Code%20Recording.html (250 words)

	Define Group Code Recording : powered by In Dictionary (InDicitonary.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Define Group Code Recording : powered by In Dictionary (InDicitonary.com)
		Use the form below to search our dictionaries by entering a word you wish to define.
		"group code recording" foldoc "The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03)"
	www.indictionary.com /define/Group_Code_Recording (321 words)

	Letter G -- Acronym Reference
		Genealogy records guide books authored by Jeremy Gibson.
		Greater London Record Office -- Genealogy Term see UK Genealogy Common Acronyms & Jargon for more information.
		Guild Of One Name Studies -- Genealogy Term see UK Genealogy Common Acronyms & Jargon for more information.
	www.newbie.org /reference/spellb_g.html (185 words)

	Group Code Recording - Definition of Group Code Recording - Group Code Recording in Encyclopedia - DictionaryWords.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Group Code Recording - Definition of Group Code Recording - Group Code Recording in Encyclopedia - DictionaryWords.net
		--- [from foldoc] --- :Group Code Recording :
		GCR is also used on Commodore Business Machines diskette drives; the 4040, 8050, 154x, 157x and 158x series of 5.25" and 3.5" low and high density diskette drives used with 8-bit home computers circa 1977 to 1992.
	www.dictionarywords.net /find/word/Group+Code+Recording (131 words)

	UBL: artist profile - Casey
		At the tender age of thirteen he has won thousands of fans around the world including South America and Japan.
		Casey, a native of Boston and former member of Elektra Recording Group Code f, has gone solo and teamed up with one of the industries hottest production teams -- Soul Diggaz.
		There he found his niche and honed his craft.
	www.ubl.com /artists/casey/profile (169 words)

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