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Topic: Group serving bias

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List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Cognitive bias is distortion in the way we perceive reality (see also cognitive distortion). Some of these have been verified empirically in the field of en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

Group attribution error - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Group members are more likely to attribute a fellow group member's actions to their arbitrary circumstances, while attributing a non-group member's actions to something in that group's inherent disposition. The group attribution error was first reported by fundamental attribution error except that it occurs between members of different groups rather than different individuals. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Group_attribution_error

Group-serving bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Group-serving bias is identical to self-serving bias except that it takes place between groups rather than individuals, under which group members make dispositional attributions for their group's successes and situational attributions for group failures, and vice versa for outsider groups. For instance, the fundamental attribution error is a self-serving bias, while the group attribution error is a group-serving bias. Perhaps the most basic form of group-serving bias is en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Group-serving_bias

Definition of Groupthink This results in a situation in which the group ultimately agrees on an action which each member might normally consider to be unwise. One mechanism which management consultants recommend to avoid groupthink is to place responsibility and authority for a decision in the hands of a single person who can turn to others for advice. Janis' original definition of the term was "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action." The word groupthink was intended to be reminiscent of www.wordiq.com /definition/Groupthink

Outgroup homogeneity bias - LEX-24 Interestingly, this bias was found to be unrelated to the number of group and non-group members individuals knew. The outgroup homogeneity bias was found between groups such as "men" and "women" who obviously interact frequently. According to the outgroup homogeneity bias, individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups. www.lex-24.de /en/Top/Outgroup_homogeneity_bias

SFB504 Working papers These effects were interpreted in terms of self-serving or in-group serving functions of the hindsight bias: Participants deny the foreseeability of a self-threatening outcome as a means of self-protection even if they are not personally affected by the negative information, but a member of their group. Female participants, who did not accept rape myths and perceived themselves highly similar to the victim, showed a strong reversed hindsight bias, when threatened by the rape outcome, whereas female participants, who did believe in rape myth and were not similar to the victim, showed a classical hindsight bias. The hindsight bias represents the tendency of people to falsely believe that they would have predicted the outcome of an event, once the outcome is known. www.sfb504.uni-mannheim.de /wp/abstract.php3?id=332

Crisp Volume 5 No. 7 The research presented in the current investigation was conducted in order to assess the relationship between group serving attributional biases and self-evaluation. Attributions of this type may be group serving to the extent that participants make (a) more internal, stable, global and personally controllable attributions for ingroup success than ingroup failure and/or (b) more internal, stable, global and personally controllable attributions for outgroup failure than outgroup success. Often, however, the attributions made by social category members are group serving in so far as they tend to favor members of the ingroup over the outgroup (see Hewstone, 1990; Hunter, Stringer, Miller and Watson, 1994 for reviews). www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.5.7.htm

Crisp Volume 4 No. 9 Although, group serving attributional biases tend to occur on some dimensions and not others in a particular study, as Hewstone demonstrates, its effects are clearly evident in three spheres: positive and negative outcomes, successes and failures, and group differences. In terms of the three spheres of group serving attributional biases outlined by Hewstone (1990), however, only that pertaining to positive and negative outcomes will be used in the present study. Nevertheless, the lack of any meaningful relationship between attributional bias and evaluation of group identity indicates that, in this real world context, the strategy of enhanced discrimination exhibited by the members of the lower status Catholic category is an ineffective way of achieving a positive group identity. www.uiowa.edu /~grpproc/crisp/crisp.4.9.htm

Real People Press: New Title It has often been said that “A culture is the accumulated wisdom of a group of people.” But culture also contains the accumulated stupidity of a group of people, and our own culture is no exception. Sadly, that is the position of most psychology and psychotherapy today—and most psychiatry, with its bias toward drug solutions, is even worse. I began by saying to them, “I have been hearing from many presenters, for a day and a half now, that a good self-concept and self-esteem are really important in getting people to stop using drugs. www.realpeoplepress.com /booklist/new.html

Group-serving bias - Wiktionary Wiktionary does not have an entry for this word yet. If you created an entry under this title previously, it may have been deleted. en.wiktionary.org /wiki/Group-serving_bias

SFB504 Working papers These effects were interpreted in terms of self-serving or in-group serving functions of the hindsight bias. Results supported the assumption that derogation effects are at least partly driven by hindsight bias and that motivational processes work via the hindsight bias. The hindsight bias is the tendency of people to falsely believe that they would have predicted the outcome of an event once the outcome is known. www.sfb504.uni-mannheim.de /wp/abstract.php3?id=164

Making Microsoft Safe for Capitalism by James Gleick Microsoft's applications group and its system group were able to "fly in formation," as Ballmer puts it (zooming his hands cheerfully through the air). In a confidential memo to 14 senior executives last year, Gates described the rise of electronic communication as a "sea change" and warned that in one category, the sharing of documents among groups of co-workers, "embarrassingly we find ourselves some what behind one of our old rivals"—Lotus. The company went through a series of short-lived presidents before finally realizing that a president in the presence of Bill was an impossibility; now there is just an Office of the President, occupied by a group of vice presidents. www.around.com /microsoft.html

2.html At the end of the class period prior to the one in which you'll introduce the self-serving bias, tell students that during the next class you will be talking about the self-concept and that you want to collect some data to use in that discussion. To illustrate this bias to your students in a context other than task success or failure, try the following exercise suggested by Dunn. Your students should consistently list more strengths than weaknesses. cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/morris2/chapter15/medialib/demo/2.html

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Attributions at the group level are often ethnocentric and group-serving in that individuals favor members of their own group rather than members of out-groups. In summary, groups defined by the endorsement of pro-choice and pro-life, pro-legalization and anti-legalization of medicinal marijuana, and pro-and con-capital punishment attitudes were perceived not only as having some of the strongest group properties among the attitude issues we tested but also as having stronger group properties than did religious, national, and racial/ethnic groups. For example, if a person makes external and emotional attributions for out-group attitudes, then the legitimacy or validity of the out-group members' personal or group attitude position (political, religious, etc.) is undermined and, by comparison, the person's self-and own group identity are simultaneously enhanced. users.ox.ac.uk /~xpsy0147/km02ab.htm

Oh, That Liberal Media There are a lot of things the Justices accept that look an awful lot like gifts, or other consideration that might cause a Justice to feel indebted to a certain person or group. To me, the misrepresentations (and omissions) are the key issue, not whether Mapes was driven by political bias, as opposed to the desire to get the big story. The relationship between the Kerry campaign and the 60 Minutes story is a subject that badly needs to be investigated, but the Thornburgh group did not pursue the issue beyond noting the communications between 60 Minutes staff and the Kerry campaign. www.thatliberalmedia.com

Social Psychology The group that ate the bugs when urged by the nice experimenter had no dissonance: we will often do something we don't want to in order to please someone who is pleasant to us. The in-group is a group to which you belong, the out-group is any other group. One group was asked by a nice experimenter, the other group by a rude experimenter. www.environmentalet.org /psy111/socialpsychology.htm

Self-serving bias Self-serving bias occurs when people are more likely to claim responsibility for successes than failures. Note that this experiment was conducted with real money with one real dollar being equal to $10,000 experimental dollars and that if parties did not reach a negotiated agreement the case was decided by a third party and each side had to pay costly court and legal fees. In this situation one or more of the parties may refuse to continue negotiating, believing the other side is either bluffing or refusing to accept a reasonable settlement and thus deserves to be ‘punished’. www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Self-serving-bias.htm

mccoj96124.txt Although it may not be concluded from this study, it is possible that members of collectivist societies do, indeed, employ a self-serving bias, in as much as interdependence with an in-group means that group-serving is to some degree self-serving. However, as indicated earlier, group membership may be expected to play a greater part in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures, and in the former, in-groups would be relatively closer to self. On the other hand, whilst members of an individualist culture do not have comparable intense attachments to in-groups, they can be expected to identify with more in-groups, and to move more freely between them (Triandis, 1994). www.aare.edu.au /96pap/mccoj96124.txt

The JafSoft Search Engine "search engine" Groups results by website, which can sometimes be useful Groups results by the type of page (commercial etc) Infoseek seems to bias towards keywords in the Title of a page with the result that results are usually fairly relevant, it being a lot harder to spam a page title. www.jafsoft.com /searchengines/search_engines.html

Module 12: Social Psychology I Be able to describe what Stoner found in his group decision study. Be prepared to explain the effects that group size, stress, group cohesion, and self-confidence have on conformity. Explain how informational influence can lead to group polarization. www.ablongman.com /html/mindmatters2/html/m12/m12LO.html

RESEARCH ON SELF-SERVING BIASES OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: THE IMPACT OF DECEPTION Controversy, then, centres on why a self-serving bias appears in some studies and a counterdefensive bias in other studies, and whether these attributional biases are genuine biases or realistic attributional processing in the artificial experimental context. Most studies reporting self serving or counterdefensive biases have been deceptive experiments in which participants have been given false success or false failure feedback as a basis for making attributions. A next question for consideration is "Why then did a significant self-serving effect for teachers emerge in McAllisterÂ’s (1996) when similar false feedback was used?" In the meanwhile it may be noted that McAllister set out to explain past inconsistencies in self-serving bias research and matched this aim with meaningful extensions of the research. www.aare.edu.au /99pap/law99455.htm

Cult Influence & Persuasion Defense Tactics Before jumping into the specifics, I'd like to briefly discuss an insidious psychological process called the "Self-serving Bias." This bias leads us to believe that we are immune to the influences that affect the rest of humanity. Group, how to, influence, influencing, kelton rhoads, kelton rhodes, kris haynal, law, leadership, leadership training, leadership education, legal, likability, management, management, market research, marketing, mass marketing, mass persuasion, mass influence, mind control, motivation, negotiation, obedience, opinion, organizational services, personality, persuade. But in the context of cult influence, this bias leaves us with a dangerous illusion of invulnerability: "I'm not the kind of mindless zombie who joins a cult." But very few mindless zombies join cults. www.workingpsychology.com /cultdef.html

List of psychological topics game theory -- gender role -- Genie -- George Kelly -- Gestalt effect -- Gestalt psychology -- Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy -- Gestalt therapy -- group-serving bias -- group attribution error -- group polarization -- groupthink www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/list_of_psychological_topics

Psychology: Understanding Psychology: Student Web Activity: Chapter 19 When we read headlines about cult groups and their often devastating effects on their members, we may wonder, "How can anybody be so crazy as to join that group?" We convince ourselves, using self-serving bias, that we could never be lured into such a dangerous situation. The truth is, however, that people are strongly motivated by social influences, and sometimes the strength of a social group and the influences of the environment result in rational individuals choosing unhealthy associations. Cults share some of the same characteristics as healthy groups, such as interdependence and shared goals, norms, and ideology, but vital differences make cults dangerous, and sometimes even fatal. www.glencoe.com /sec/socialstudies/psychology/psych2001/chapter19/webact.html

Racism It seems that many people who join supremacist groups do so at a young age, and a lot of recruiting by these various hate groups are targeted at children. Groups without recourse to large public relations resources - such as asylum seekers, refugees and the predominantly small NGOs that represent them - tend not to set the agenda for issues under discussion.” The anger and conflict in Kosovo was being resolved with weapons, while many early warning signs, which had been recognized by many groups for a number of years, were not heeded. www.globalissues.org /HumanRights/Racism.asp

COUNTERCOLUMN: All Your Bias Are Belong to Us The Iraqi Ministry of Defence announced that the Iraqi forces arrested Hatem Al-Zobaai the leader of the terrorist group (the Brigade of Thorat Al-Eshreen) which was responsible for many attacks in Baghdad and other areas. In addition, that deadline can be extended if troops can’t file in time because of unusual hardship, such as serving in a combat zone, he said. COUNTERCOLUMN: All Your Bias Are Belong to Us News and commentary delivered with a sense of insurgency from Jason Van Steenwyk, the nattering nabob of Nebuchadnezzar. iraqnow.blogspot.com

Truth about Bowling for Columbine Three teams of fact-checkers and two groups of lawyers went through it with a fine tooth comb to make sure that every statement of fact is indeed an indisputable fact.... The gun was stolen and was purchased by the uncle in exchange for drugs.The shooter's father was already serving a prison term for theft and drug offenses. When Heston becomes visible, he's telling a group that freedom needs you now, more than ever, to come to its defense. www.hardylaw.net /Truth_About_Bowling.html

Using Portfolio to Mediate Literacy Instruction and Assessment Self-Serving (or egocentric) bias- is taking credit for oneÂ’s success and disclaiming responsibility for oneÂ’s failure. A modesty bias is when individuals attribute their success to luck and their failures to an internal locus of control. Also, in explaining the cultural differences in attribution patterns, it is important to understand that the biases in success and failure attribution are relative to cultural dimensions of self-conceptions. webpages.csus.edu /~sac70695/volumeIIIch2.htm

brown.rtf It would be informative to see whether East Asians show group-enhancement cons istently in methodologies other than the self-other bias given the problems that have been identified with this methodology (e.g., Klar & Giladi, 1997, 1999). Hence, although Japanese have sometim es been found to show the self-other bias they by no means always do, and sometimes they show the opposite (apparently, Japanese self-enhancement in the self-other paradigm is greatly affected by the framing of the question; see Matsumoto, 2002, for a dis cussion of this point). First, there is research fro m studies that measure the self-other bias, such as Brown and Kobayashi\rquote s. www.psych.ubc.ca /~heine/docs/brown.rtf

SmartPedia.com - Free Online Encyclopedia - Encyclopedia Books. Perhaps there is an entry Group-serving bias in our sister dictionary project, Wiktionary. If you created an article under this title previously, it may have been deleted. www.smartpedia.com /smart/browse/Talk:Group-serving_bias

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