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Topic: Groupthink

Related Topics

Group process

Pluralistic ignorance

Group polarization

False consensus effect

Group dynamics

Consensus reality

Consensus

Abilene paradox

Group (sociology)

Herd behavior

Mindset

Intelligence community

Social pressure

Conformity (psychology)

Crowd psychology

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	Groupthink (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		'''Groupthink''' is a term coined by psychologist Irving Janis in 1972 to describe a process by which a group can make bad or irrational decisions.
		In a groupthink situation, each member of the group attempts to conform his or her opinions to what they believe to be the consensus of the group.
		An alternative to groupthink is a formal consensus decision-making process, which works best in a group whose aims are cooperative rather than competitive, where trust is able to build up, and where participants are willing to learn and apply facilitation skills.
	groupthink.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (626 words)

	cmm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Groupthink occurs when a homogenous highly cohesive group is so concerned with maintaining unanimity that they fail to evaluate all their alternatives and options.
		Groupthink members see themselves as part of an in-group working against an outgroup opposed to their goals.
		Groups engaged in groupthink tend to make faulty decisions when compared to the decisions that could have been reached using a fair, open, and rational decision-making process.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/theory/grpthink.html (318 words)

	Groupthink - Consumerium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Groupthink is a very well-documented psychological tendency of humans to tend to agree with each other, and hold back objections or dissent even when it is obvious to them that the group is moving strongly in a very wrong direction.
		Groupthink is sometimes misleadingly referred as community values: there are no "community values".
		One way to control groupthink is to steer it into factions that can at least have sharp differences with each other.
	develop.consumerium.org /wiki/Groupthink (150 words)

	Groupthink
		Groupthink is as "a mode of thinking people engage in when cohesiveness is high" (Blumberg and Golembiewski 134).
		Janis defines Groupthink as a "a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action" (Janis 9).
		Groupthink problems can be recognized by identifying a set of characteristics including an illusion of invulnerability, self censorship, and others.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/4110/think.htm (1601 words)

	Groupthink - SourceWatch
		Groupthink is "a concept that was identified by Irving Janis ("a forefather in the study of group dynamics") [in 1972] that refers to faulty decision-making in a group.
		Groupthink is also defined as a "phenomenon wherein people seek unanimous agreement in spite of contrary facts pointing to another conclusion."[3] (http://www.groupthinkfilm.com/)
		Recent examples of words and phrases intended to promote "groupthink" come from the numerous speeches made by President George W. Bush regarding the motives and motivation of terrorists and the war on terrorism allegedly connected to not only the events of September 11, 2001 but also to subsequent activities.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Groupthink (700 words)

	Groupthink - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Groupthink is a mode of thought whereby individuals intentionally conform to what they perceive to be the consensus of the group.
		Groupthink may cause the group (typically a committee or large organization) to make bad or irrational decisions which each member might individually consider to be unwise.
		Groupthink, and its related dysfunctional group behavior, the Abilene paradox, wherein groups agree to pursue goals with which the individual members do not agree, continue to fascinate researchers in the field of Social sciences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Group_think (1243 words)

	Communication Theory: A First Look
		Janis originally defined groupthink as ‘‘a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action."5 According to his definition, groupthink occurs only when cohesiveness is high.
		Janis introduced the concept of groupthink through the popular press in 1971.13 The idea struck a responsive chord with policy planners who had hastily approved courses of action that just as quickly turned out to be major blunders.
		The likelihood of groupthink increases when there are structural faults within the organization (box B-1) and the policy decision has to be made during a time of high stress and low self-esteem (box B-2).
	www.afirstlook.com /archive/groupthink.cfm?source=archther (4108 words)

	Leadership: A Matter of Sustaining or Eliminating Groupthink? — HBS Working Knowledge
		Groupthink is heavily discouraged in the companies where the leaders lead from behind.
		With regard to sustaining or eliminating groupthink, it is a matter of circumstance.
		By the time we arrive at a joint endeavor, groupthink has turned to a positive confirmation of their concepts, not necessarily a reinforcement of my personal desires or ego.
	hbswk.hbs.edu /item/3890.html (2867 words)

	Federal Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In an excellent article, Mark Bauerlein discusses how groupthink can take over an organization that shares a common purpose, lead to a false consenus, culminating in polarization - that is, becoming more extreme as a group than the individuals were when they entered the group.
		I would argue that this groupthink disease has taken over many of the blue counties of the blue states, leading to far more lopsided results in favor of the losing presidential candidate than in many red state counties or red states.
		As if on cue, certain professors and students at the University of North Carolina are demonstrating the principles of groupthink in their knee jerk reaction against the endowment of a Western Civilization course of study in Chapel Hill.
	www.federalreview.com /2004/11/groupthink-in-academy-in-excellent.htm (535 words)

	Meatball Wiki: GroupThink (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the situation where groupthinking occur, each individual tend to conform his opinion to the opinion reached by the group.
		Groupthink generally refers to the collective stupidity, or lowest common denominator of individual intelligence.
		GroupThink is only a problem when valid individual voices are squashed due to a collective unwillingness to listen.
	www.usemod.com.cob-web.org:8888 /cgi-bin/mb.pl?GroupThink (1422 words)

	Groupthink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is based on human social behavior in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is felt as more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner.
		A mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.
		Groupthink is a result of cohesiveness in groups, already discussed by Lewin in the 1930s and is an important factor to consider in decision processes, such as workshops, meetings, conferences, committees, etc.
	www.valuebasedmanagement.net /methods_janis_groupthink.html (430 words)

	Group Think
		GroupThink is most prevalent when a team is under significant external stress, especially high risk combined with unreasonable time constraints.
		GroupThink can, at times, be a matter of life or death.
		Of course, GroupThink is necessary to some degree for a goal-oriented group to function.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?GroupThink (664 words)

	WebQuest: Groupthink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Theorist Irving Janis coined the term “groupthink” to describe a faulty decision-making process reached by teams who are overly eager to agree.
		Symptoms of groupthink include pressures placed on a team member to conform or to not argue against the group’s shared beliefs and self-censorship of thoughts.
		Teams suffering from groupthink fail to examine alternatives, are biased in collecting and evaluating information, and ignore the risks of preferred choice.
	www.kn.sbc.com /wired/fil/pages/webgroupthicy.html (1296 words)

	Avoiding Groupthink - Avoiding sometimes-fatal flaws in group decision making - Leadership Techniques from MindTools.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Groupthink is a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for group consensus overrides people’s common sense desire to present alternatives, critique a position, or express an unpopular opinion.
		The term “Groupthink” was coined by Irving Janis in 1972 when he was researching why a team reaches an excellent decision one time, and a disastrous one the next.
		Groupthink can severely undermine the value of a group’s work and, at its worst, it can cost people their lives.
	www.mindtools.com /pages/article/newLDR_82.htm (1164 words)

	►► Groupthink, 2nd Edition (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		CRM's updated version of Groupthink has been inspired by continuing demand for this important film, and by recognition of the ever-growing need for effective decision-making within groups.
		It's a remarkable portrayal of the group dynamics and behaviors that signal the presence of pitfalls to be avoided.
		After seeing how the groupthink phenomenon may have caused the Challenger disaster, your organization's team processes and consensus-building will be changed forever.
	www.crmlearning.com.cob-web.org:8888 /groupthink-2nd-edition (344 words)

	ProfessorBainbridge.com: Groupthink in the White House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In such groups, groupthink is an adaptive response to the stresses generated by challenges to group solidarity.
		Adverse consequences of groupthink thus include failing to examine alternatives, failing to be either self-critical or evaluative of others, and being selective in gathering information.
		Regarding “groupthink,” you’ve got to be careful in relying on shallow reporting of the kind exemplified by Thomas and Wolf.
	www.professorbainbridge.com /2005/12/groupthink_in_t.html (1234 words)

	Groupthink (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Groupthink is a concept that was identified by Irving Janis
		Groups experiencing groupthink do not consider all alternatives and they desire unanimity at the expense of quality decisions.
		Groupthink occurs when groups are highly cohesive and when they are under considerable pressure to make a quality decision.
	www.abacon.com /commstudies/groups/groupthink.html (115 words)

	weLEAD Leadership Tip - Beware of Groupthink
		Groupthink is the tendency of decision makers to join together around a policy or person without questioning basic assumptions.
		Groupthink is the major pitfall on the other side of the pendulum.
		Finally, when their poor decisions begin to have negative consequences due to groupthink, they go on a crusade to blame others.
	www.leadingtoday.org /Onmag/august01/groupthink82001.html (831 words)

	GROUPTHINK - Small Group Communication Context
		Groupthink is a theory that was developed in hindsight.
		Some agree but new research suggests that groupthink should be re-developed because it is not matching the current research on effective decision-making and cohesiveness.
		However the theory of groupthink should be carefully examined before it is offered as the sole truth of what happens in groups.
	www.uky.edu /~drlane/capstone/group/gthink.htm (544 words)

	CD Baby: GROUPTHINK: Diapason
		Blending originality with a knowledge and respect for what has worked in the past, Groupthink strives to raise the bar for original rock music.
		Groupthink is the result of five talented guys challenging each other to go to the next level every time they write and any time they play.
		“Groupthink is a band of solid musicians that play a brand of hard rock that goes beyond the typical chords and progressions.
	cdbaby.com /cd/groupthink (310 words)

	Groupthink
		Groupthink happens most often when the group is already cohesive, is isolated from conflicting opinions and where the leader is open and directive.
		The most famous example of Groupthink is the presidential advisory group who almost led Kennedy into invading Cuba and potential nuclear war in the Bay of Pigs affair.
		The Challenger disaster was another effect where NASA officials disregarded engineer’s concerns and decided to launch the shuttle.
	changingminds.org /explanations/theories/groupthink.htm (284 words)

	Groupthink and You - Mises Institute
		Groupthink is a process of gradualism that seeks to gently merge the followers into a pack with leaders, the hope being that the leaders will pull up those who typically reside on the low end of the motivation and achievement scale.
		If one member doesn't go along with this forced "agreement" by granting the agreed-upon concessions, he is usually excoriated by his fellow groupthinkers for doing so.
		In truth, groupthink has become a chronic problem in universities; it is a consensus-seeking process that does not allow for the preservation of individuality.
	www.mises.org /story/767 (1143 words)

	Groupthink (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		CRM Learning’s film, GROUPTHINK, is a riveting look at the events and group decision-making that led up to the Challenger disaster.
		Irving Janis, a forefather in the study of group dynamics, explains the fundamental concepts of groupthink.
		The groupthink phenomenon has contributed to countless disasters, including those depicted above, but its warning signs are easily recognizable and it can be prevented.
	www.groupthinkfilm.com.cob-web.org:8888 (194 words)

	Smart People Working Collectively can be Dumber Than the Sum of their Brains. 'Groupthink' Is 30 Years Old, and ...
		But if part of the problem turns out to be the culture of decision making at NASA, it could lead to more group dynamics and words like groupthink, an ungainly term coined in 1972 by Irving L. Janis, a Yale psychologist and a pioneer in the study of social dynamics.
		He called groupthink "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action." It is the triumph of concurrence over good sense, and authority over expertise.
		Groupthink, Professor Janis said, was not limited to NASA.
	www.mindfully.org /Reform/2003/Smart-People-Dumber9mar03.htm (1382 words)

	Groupthink – The Dark Side of Teaming and How To Counteract It (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Groupthink prevails when the "need to conform" is operating.
		It is believed that Groupthink was operating during the "Bay of Pigs." There are other situations where Groupthink is thought to have been operating, including mass suicides and juries delivering illogical verdicts.
		Collaborative behavior certainly contributes to achieving consensus; however, it is just that tendency that can also result in Groupthink, where each member is not bringing all of his/her intellectual power to the table because they are mentally backing off to achieve a communal objective.
	www.pica.army.mil.cob-web.org:8888 /tqm/qualitylink/mar98/groupthink.htm (1640 words)

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