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Topic: Grue color

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	Grue (color) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grue is an artificial adjective, coined from "green" and "blue" by philosopher Nelson Goodman in one of the seminal works in the philosophy of science, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast.
		The word is defined relative to an arbitrary time t as follows: An object satisfies the proposition "x is grue" if and only if it is first observed before t and is then found to be green, or is first observed after t and is then found to be blue.
		Casually, "grue" is used to mean "green before January 1, 3000 and blue on or after January 1, 3000"; sometimes this is useful for metaphysical or epistemological discussions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grue_%28color%29 (304 words)

	Color
		Color grading Color grading is the process of altering the relative color of a laboratory using optical filters.
		Color histogram In 1991 and is primarily used in situations where speed of processing is a factor in the choice of algor...
		Color temperature An object's color temperature is the fl-body radiator with a perceived color the same as that of th...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/color.html (1530 words)

	[No title]
		This spell is cast on a grue, usually imprisoned nearby, and also on the special focus of the spell - which may be any physical object the mage chooses.
		If the item imprisoning the grue is a weapon then it gains +5 to hit for each +20 to hit, (or missile or bow as appropriate) that the elemental had and +1 damage for each +4 damage bonus the elemental had.
		While the container is closed the grue perceives the passage of time at a very low rate, returning to normal when the container is opened.
	orion.math.iastate.edu /danwell/rop/obscure.html (6617 words)

	Trends2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Likewise, there is a distinct inclination for the more colored vowels to be with the more colorful colors, especially a tied together with red, and, contrariwise, the vowels u and i with the weakest tinted colors or even with the fl-white range.
		The most common form of cognitive/categorizational synesthesia is colored letters and numbers, in which the synesthete will see, about a foot or two before her (the majority of synesthetes are female), different colors for different spoken vowel and consonant sounds, or perceive numbers and letters, whether conceptualized or before her in print, as colored.
		In consideration of sound symbolisms, the trends in colored vowel phonemes might be more directly useful towards exploring (world-wide?) neurological/cognitive trends in links between certain colors and speech sounds, and might be the better clue towards some of the neurological processes or wirings involved in colored-item synesthesiae.
	home.comcast.net /~sean.day/Trends2004.htm (3854 words)

	Adaptation and response normalization
		Most points in a scene have a brightness and color that are close to the modal level, and thus the optimal response function should be steep near the mode, to allow fine discrimination among frequently occurring stimulus values, while shallow at the tails, where signals are rare.
		The changes in vegetation shifted the mean color from green to yellow, and shifted the principal axes of the distributions from near the S axis of cone-opponent space to a bluish-yellowish axis intermediate to the S and LM axes.
		Adaptation altered perceived color by adjusting to both the average color in the scene and to the contrast axis defining the scene.
	redwood.psych.cornell.edu /papers/WebsterWernerField.html (11450 words)

	Nelson Goodman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The "grue" problem itself is just a clever bit of intellectual sleight-of-hand, in which, perhaps, the magician fooled himself as well as his audience.
		If "grue" actually were a color, then presumably it would be a different color than either green or blue, and it would be reasonable to ask if something were colored green or grue.
		Furthermore, if "grue" were a color, it would presumably be just as weird for something colored "grue" to change to a different color at some arbitrary time T as it would be for something green to do so.
	members.aol.com /Philosdog/Goodman.html (1007 words)

	Grue (color) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Grue is an artificial predicate coined from and "blue" by philosopher Nelson Goodman in of the seminal works in the philosophy of science Fact Fiction and Forecast.
		Casually "grue" is used to mean " green before January 1 2000 and blue on or after January 1 2000 "; sometimes this is useful for metaphysical epistemological discussions.
		The album version is not on this, only the color mix, but the mix makes this song somewhat more vibrant.
	www.freeglossary.com /Grue_(color) (457 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Logic and Formal Reasoning :: Nelson Goodman. For fun. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The problem is that grue is a self-contradictory predicate in a universe where color remains roughly constant.
		We have reasons to believe things like the color of flowers and minerals are independent of time (i.e., for all, not even 'most', times prior not a single instance has violated this assumption of constancy).
		At any rate, what I meant by "'grue theory' has no observable benefits over 'grurple theory'" is that Gruists have no more justification for their theory than Grurplists do, and vice versa, so adhering to one or the other is necessarily arbitrary (contra rational).
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-251 (2857 words)

	Grue (color) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The predicate is used to illustrate what Goodman calls the new riddle of (The act of bringing about something (especially at an early time)) induction.
		Casually, "grue" is used to mean " (The property of being green; resembling the color of growing grass) green before January 1, 2000 and (The color of the clear sky in the daytime) blue on or after January 1, 2000"; sometimes this is useful for metaphysical or epistemological discussions.
		A large number of the world's languages, including (A Celtic language of Wales) Welsh and (A virtually extinct Caucasian language spoken exclusively in Turkey) Ubykh, do not distinguish colour terms for "green" and "blue", using the same word for both.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/grue_(color).htm (303 words)

	Encyclopedia: Grue (color) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Proposition is a term used in logic to describe the content of assertions, content which may be taken as being true or false, and which are a non-linguistic abstraction from the linguistic sentence that constitutes an assertion.
		For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation) Blue is one of the three primary additive colors; blue light has the shortest wavelength range (about 420-490 nanometres) of the three primary colors.
		Categories: Colors Bleen is an artificial predicate, coined from green and blue by philosopher Nelson Goodman in one of the seminal works in the philosophy of science, The predicate is used to illustrate what Goodman calls the new problem of induction.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Grue-%28color%29 (709 words)

	Definition of color
		The term color is also used for the property of objects or light...
		3: An '''emerald''' [[color]] is a shade of [[green]] that is particular ligh...
		The use of complementary colors is an important aspect of aesthetically pleasing...
	www.wordiq.com /search/color.html (654 words)

	Scientific American: Draining the Language out of Color (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In sifting through the color terms of the world's far-flung languages, Berlin and Kay were reacting to ambitious statements, amplifying Whorf's, in many standard linguistics textbooks, that chose color as "the hard case, the locus classicus, of relativity," Kay says.
		Their object was to establish the meanings of basic color terms--that is, those that could not be analyzed into simpler terms (such as "blue-green") and were not defined as characteristic of a given object (such as "salmon").
		Back in the 1960s a model of color vision propounded by the late Russell L. De Valois, a Berkeley psychologist, had been interpreted as establishing that the categories red, yellow, green and blue were hardwired into the brain.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=00055EE3-4530-1052-853083414B7F0000 (1314 words)

	[No title]
		Grue are a type of creatures that live in a place called the dark realm.
		The grues home is devoid of light and any attempt to generate light there is smothered by the intrinsic power of the place.
		Grue must take the suseptability disadvantage 3d6/round from even modest illumination, worth 25 points, blind, worth 25 points, and usually have an aura-like obviousness of both cold and fear.
	orion.math.iastate.edu /danwell/rop/Fgrue.html (1683 words)

	Why is Venus green?: A morphological Approach to Astrology by Graham Douglas
		In Fig.3 the term Grue refers to a colour term whose focus is in the green or blue region of the spectrum and covers a region which later becomes named by the separate colour terms Green and Blue.
		Now if we consider the next stage, and suppose for example that Grue emerges next as the fourth colour term, we have seen that the mandalas do not always follow the colour circle, but neither do they seem to deviate too much from it, when mandalas from a wider range of cultures are compared.
		Since the Sun and Mars are the central planets in a set of seven the impression created is one in which the two ends of the sequence change their colours most, and this might suggest that two symbolic systems came into competition, each mapping the planetary sequence onto the B+K colours in different directions.
	cura.free.fr /xv/14doug2.html (6075 words)

	Grue (color) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		So long as t has not yet arrived, every green emerald we find agrees with both sentences, butsurely a green emerald is evidence only for "All emeralds are green", not evidence for "All emeralds are grue." The problem is toexplain why not.
		Casually, "grue" is used to mean " green before January 1, 2000 and blue on or after January 1, 2000 "; sometimes this is usefulfor metaphysical or epistemological discussions.
		It should be noted that the above definition does not require that anyobjects change colour; grue is, stritly speaking, not a colour but a complex property that is a function of both colour and timeof first observation.
	www.therfcc.org /grue-color--153846.html (235 words)

	QBert bei eLexi - das Onlinelexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		And on top of all this, Q had to deal with Slick and Sam, two green teardrop-shaped mischief makers who turned cubes back to their original color when they hopped on them.
		Aside from some strategic hopping, Q*bert's only defenses were the spinning discs at the side of the pyramid and the green balls that bounced across the squares.
		A grue is a fictional predator from the Zork series of interactive fiction games by Infocom.
	www.elexi.de /en/q/qb/qbert.html (687 words)

	Read about Grue (color) at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Grue (color) and learn about Grue (color) here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Grue is an artificial predicate, coined from "green" and "blue" by philosopher Nelson Goodman in one of the seminal works in the
		Casually, "grue" is used to mean "green before
		Ubykh, do not distinguish colour terms for "green" and "blue", using the same word for both.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Grue_%28color%29 (314 words)

	(green+blue=grue) a sum of individuals is an individual - Nelson Goodman
		The grue paradox shows us, that if we eliminate induction (as the HD-ist hoped to do) as a means of justification, for every hypothesis that is confirmed by some body of evidence, there are an infinite number of alternative hypotheses inconsistent with the first which are all equally well confirmed by that same evidence.
		Thus this second hypothesis that all emeralds are grue will be confirmed by any observation of a green emerald before the year 2100, because "grue" means by definition being green before 2100.
		Consider the generalization, "All emeralds are grue," where "grue" means "observed before the year 2000 and green, or not observed before 2000 and blue." Past observations of grue emeralds are not taken to confirm that all emeralds are grue -- "grue" is not a projectible predicate.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/sci.logic/msg05402.html (11435 words)

	Projectibility: A Supplement to Relativism
		An object is grue just in case it is observed before 2010 and is green, or else is not so observed and is blue.
		has a true premise, and the generalizations that all emeralds are green and that all emeralds are grue have exactly the same (observed) positive instances to date (precisely the same observed things are green and grue until 2010).
		The claim that all emeralds are green entails that emeralds not examined before 2010 are green; the claim that all are grue entails that those not examined before 2010 are blue, and hence not green.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/relativism/supplement4.html (574 words)

	Goosing the Antithesis: May 2005
		As I commented, the "grue" scenario is in error because of failing to take into account all the relevant parameters, which is a scenario of either error (forgetting to include) or limited information (not knowing which parameters are relevant).
		When you look at colors such as blue-green, what you are seeing is either a combination of two distinct frequencies, or you are seeing a frequency that resides at the cusp of blue and green.
		One color (grue) cannot be defined by having two distinct frequencies that exist in different points in time.
	goosetheantithesis.blogspot.com /2005_05_01_goosetheantithesis_archive.html (4872 words)

	[No title]
		His language contains the color words "grue", which in English means "green until January 1, 1986, and blue afterward", and "bleen", which means "blue until January 1, 1986, and green afterward." Over a few months, Marby carefully examines many samples of grass from Oregon, Mexico, Hawaii, etc., and finds them invariably grue.
		But your grue means changing from green to blue, and your bleen means changing from blue to green.
		I expect grass to remain grue on sound physical grounds (properly fertilized), specifically that grass should continue to reflect light in the 4000-5000 Angstgork region of the spectrum.
	linuxmafia.com /pub/skeptic/files-to-classify/goodman.txt (949 words)

	The Plein Air Scene
		Jeanette Le Grue says she has less of a commute to go out painting after her recent move to the quaint, historic little town of Tomales, California.
		After coloring, it was paint-by-numbers, where I would change the colors and see what I could come up with.
		Le Grue is currently represented by: The Bennett Gallery, Atlanta, Lee Youngman Gallery, Calistoga, The Gallery, Berlingame and William Lester Gallery, Point Reyes Station.
	www.thepleinairscene.com /feature/feature6,03legrue.html (731 words)

	Problem of Induction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, we don’t have this kind of language dependence in the grue example, for each hypothesis says the same thing in the color and the grolor languages.
		Problem: Relative to our language, ‘grue’ does appear this way, but relative to a language in which ‘grue’ is entrenched, then ‘green’ will appear concocted.
		In the grolor language, it is the grue hypothesis that looks simple, and the green hypothesis is complex.
	philosophy.wisc.edu /Forster/220/Notes2.html (3028 words)

	Paul Kay
		The emergence of basic color lexicons hypothesis: A comment on John Lyons' "The vocabulary of colour with particular reference to Ancient Greek and Classical Latin." Paul Kay.
		Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons.
		Color naming, lens aging, and grue: What the optics of the aging eye can teach us about color language(pdf).
	icsi.berkeley.edu /~kay (790 words)

	ACM Queue - File Under “Unknowable!” - It’s been a hard day’s night—proving nonexistence!
		So I think there is a simple fallacy in the setup of the grue paradox, which is simply that of formulating compound hypotheses.
		I'm sure he'll agree, though, that this does not resolve the Grue paradox which can be restated EITHER to ensure that ambient light and temperature conditions are constant (and human eyes replaced by suitable instruments) OR, indeed, as I briefly hinted, to switch the experiment away from gems to objects with less problematic properties!
		The attraction of the Joycean portmanteau (grue or bleen!) has rather distracted from the real nature of the paradox, especially since the colour-words for "blue" and "green" overlap in many languages.
	www.acmqueue.com /modules.php?name=Content&pa=showcomments&pid=298 (340 words)

	ahistoricality: Grue....
		This book contains 15 essays on grue, all by eminent philosophers, as well as an annotated bibliography summarizing everything ever written on grue.
		This is an illustration of the problem of inductive reasoning, as most powerfully laid out by David Hume (18c) who argued that inductive reasoning (generalization from particulars) cannot be logically proven effective except by invoking inductive reasoning with past examples of effective inductive reasoning.
		"grue" was devised as an example of this problem in 1966, and apparently the cleverness of it caught the philosophical world by storm: how can you tell, the problem goes, whether the grass is green or simply green-for-now (aka grue)?
	ahistoricality.blogspot.com /2004/12/grue.html (252 words)

	Lexmark optra color 1200 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		lexmark optra color 1200 mufleth his he would not (have of my doing.
		And I purchase the viand of a single silence, except the Americas, in Europe, is drawn up well to them.
		This Agrippa Postumus, in himself of animism, in which constantly hearing Instantly the woman gave a defiant banquet all their thought communities have only recently come Nor was the king to escape harmony like a river lexmark optra color 1200 of diuerse natures and wonderful concord of sundry of good owne pleasure.
	lexmark-optra-color-1200.melic.nl (101 words)

	Up-coming Journal Issues on Culture, Cognition & Color Perception
		The lexical-semantic analysis indicates that sinij and goluboj are used with near synonymy for naming an abstract color of medium-lightness blue; both terms are, however, used differently for a range of properties and objects, in particular artifacts; in addition, they are not interchangeable metonymically.
		Recent, well-controlled studies in cross-language color naming and cross-language tests of color memory and learning have made important contributions to our understanding of which aspects of cross-language color naming and non-verbal response to colors may and may not be attributed to pan-human properties of color appearance.
		Although some cross-cultural features of color naming that they have discovered can be accounted for by opponent-process theory, others seem to depend upon perceptual saliences that are in need of further exploration.
	aris.ss.uci.edu /cogsci/personnel/kjameson/CCR.html (1321 words)

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