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 | | Cracraft (1988) places Columbiformes, Gruiformes and Charadriiformes in a trichotomy arising from within the most basal polytomy. |
 | | Discussion of the 20-30 commonly recognized avian orders is complicated by the fact that monophyly for the orders as generally configured (e.g., Peters, 1931-1951; Wetmore, 1960; Mayr and Cottrell, 1979) cannot be presumed. |
 | | Monophyly for Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes, Falconiformes, Pelecaniformes and Cuculiformes have been particularly contentious (Cracraft, 1981, 1982; Olson, 1985; Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990; Sheldon and Bledsoe, 1993; Hedges and Sibley, 1994; Sibley, 1994; Griffiths, 1994; Hedges et al., 1995; Hackett et al., 1995, Feduccia, 1996; Houde, 1997; Mindell et al. |
| ag.arizona.edu /ENTO/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/dinosauria/aves/Neornithes.nex (1263 words) |
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