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Topic: Gruoch of Scotland

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	Gruoch - GargWiki
		Gruoch became Queen of Scotland at Macbeth's coronation in 1040, and reigned alongside him until his overthrow in 1057.
		Gruoch was Macbeth's wife in actual history, and her life seems to have been very close to the way that Gargoyles portrayed it.
		Gruoch is best known today, of course, under her Shakespearean title of "Lady Macbeth", in which role she has become infamous as one of the greatest female villains, not only in Shakespeare' plays, but in literature in general.
	gargoyles.dracandros.com /Gruoch (335 words)

	Scotland
		Scotland was a traditional ally of France, and during Anglo-French hostilities in 1513 James invaded England in aid of his ally.
		Grandson of Malcolm I; annexed Lothian and Cumbria north of the Solway to Scotland; pledged allegiance to Canute (1031).
		Robert II (of Scotland) (1316-90), king of Scotland (1371-90), and founder of the Stuart dynasty in Scotland and England.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/Scotland.htm (8480 words)

	Gruoch of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Queen Gruoch (1007 - 1060) was the daughter of Bodhe, prince of Scotland and thus granddaughter of the late King Kenneth III of Scotland.
		Gruoch was first married to Gillacomgain, Mormaer of Moray, to whom she bore the future King Lulach of Scotland.
		In 1032, her father arranged her marriage to Lord Macbeth, member of Moray clan, who would become King of Scots, in 1040, reputedly through her hereditary rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lady_Macbeth_(historical) (146 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gruoch of Scotland
		Gruoch ingen Boite meic Cináeda was the daughter of Boite son of Cináed mac Duib.
		Before 1032 Gruoch was married to Gille Coemgáin mac Maíl Brigti, Mormaer of Moray, with whom she had at least one son, Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin, later King of Scots.
		Gruoch is named with Boite and also with Mac Bethad in charters endowing the céli dé monastery at Loch Leven.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gruoch_of_Scotland (214 words)

	Scotland's Past - Macbeth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He married Gruoch, widow of Gillacomgain, who had been mormaer of Moray but was burned to death with his followers in 1032.
		Gruoch herself was the grand-daughter of either Kenneth II or Kenneth III and so was intimately connected with the royal line.
		Scotland: the Making of the Kingdom is the first "straight" history of Scotland from pre-history to 1286 to be published since 1862.
	www.scotlandspast.org /macbeth.cfm (777 words)

	Kenneth III of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kenneth III of Scotland was King of Scotland from 997 to 1005.
		Kenneth was the last king of Scotland to succeed to the throne through the system of tanistry, whereby the succession was shared between two family lines and the dying king named the person from the other family line who was to succeed him.
		The system was much discredited as it ensured that the two royal families of Scotland were in a constant state of war with each other.
	www.objectsspace.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Kenneth_III_of_Scotland (270 words)

	The True Tale of Macbeth: medievalhistory.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The rest of the people of Scotland raised up a monarch in the person of Duncan, whose mother was a daughter of the deceased Malcolm, his father being Crinan, nominally Abbot of Dunkeld, but in reality a powerful chief in the district of Athole.
		The sons of Duncan were obliged to fly; the eldest took refuge at the court of England, while the second fled from the vengeance of Macbeth to the Hebrides, and surrendered to Thorfinn himself.
		His wife Gruoch, the widow of the former maormor of Moray, and whose progeny actually succeeded in that character, was granddaughter of a former king of the Scots who had been slain by Duncan's grandfather.
	www.medievalhistory.net /macbeth.htm (1109 words)

	Bodhe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bodhe (985-1058) was a Scottish prince, son of Kenneth III of Scotland.
		He was the father of Gruoch of Scotland and friend to Findlaech of Moray, Macbeth of Scotland's father.
		He arranged the marriage of Macbeth and Gruoch in 1032, which permitted Macbeth to assume the throne of Scotland in 1040.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bodhe (105 words)

	scotlandkings
		It should be noted that in early mediæval Scotland, it was the eldest and/or ablest male of the royal house, and not the heir of line, that inherited the throne.
		Died: 859 at Forteviot, Perthshire and interred at the Isle of Iona, Scotland
		Died: 900 at Dun-fother in battle and interred at the Isle of Iona, Scotland.
	www3.sympatico.ca /robert.sewell/scotlandkings.html (3079 words)

	Macbeth of Scotland
		He was the son of Malcolm II's eldest daughter and in some eyes, including his own, had a better claim to the throne than Malcolm II's chosen successor Duncan I, who was the son of Malcolm II's second daughter.
		However, in 1054, Malcolm Canmore, Duncan's son, began his campaign for the throne with the assistance of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, by capturing the south of Scotland.
		Macbeth was killed by Malcolm at a battle near Lumphanan and the throne passed to Macbeth's stepson, Lulach, on August, 1057.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Macbeth_I_of_Scotland.html (212 words)

	Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		District in the south-west of Scotland, comprising the counties of Kirkcudbright and Wigtown.
		In 1298, Patrick was appointed the King's Lieutenant in Scotland, and in 1300 was at the siege of Caerlaverock.
		Northeastern Scotland; the fertile coastal regions from the northern approach to Loch Ness in the west, to Aberdeen in the east.
	www.hostkingdom.net /scot.html (4013 words)

	The Gargoyles Encyclopedia: MacBeth
		The Hunter shoved Gruoch away when he saw the real threat, right into Demona, who in turn, shoved the poor girl absently towards the battlement edges, only to be caught by MacBeth as she nearly fell.
		Gruoch turned on her in a fury, telling her that Canmore betrayed her, not MacBeth, and that Canmore had destroyed her clan.
		Gruoch showed wisdom, and stopped him, saying that he was already accused of sorcery, and this miracle would result in even his loyal Scotsmen now fearing him.
	www.dracandros.com /Jebgarg/tge/macbeth.htm (4242 words)

	The Royal House of Moray
		In that year, the following event is noted in the Tigernach Annals: "Findlaech, Ruadri's son, mormaer of Moray, was slain by the sons of his brother Maelbrigte."8 Malcolm, eldest of the sons of Maelbrigte, succeeded to the title of the uncle whom he had murdered, but he subsequently was killed in 1029.
		He was the mormaer of Moray, a House which claimed the throne of Scotland by the Celtic law of tanistry.
		She was a staunch enemy of the Scottish king who had imprisoned her father and brother, and she helped to carry on the rebellion in the far north of Scotland.
	www.magma.ca /~mmackay/moray.html (2268 words)

	Lady Macbeth - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase
		Gruoch (1007 - 1060) was the daughter of Bodhe, prince of Scotland.
		Gruoch was first married to Gillacomagnan, earl of Moray, of whom she had future king Lulach of Scotland.
		In 1032, her father arranged her marriage to Lord Macbeth, who would become king of Scotland in 1040.
	www.indopedia.org /Lady_Macbeth.html (240 words)

	The Real MacBeth
		Gruoch had been previously married to Gillicomgan, Mormaer of Moray, a cousin of Macbeth's father Finlaech.
		The events in which Duncan, Macbeth and Gruoch took part were different in emphasis and timing from the familiar events of Shakespeare's tragedy.
		She and Macbeth had no children, but it is likely that as the years passed, she may have become anxious to see her son Lulach accepted as his stepfather's heir.
	www.4scots.us /real_macbeth.htm (682 words)

	Dubh of Scotland
		Dubh (or Duff), was king of Scotland from 962 to 967.
		He married at some point in his life, but his name of his wife and the date and place of his marriage are not known.
		Dubh's great-granddaughter Gruoch is said to have married Macbeth so was the literal Lady Macbeth, despite probably being different from Shakespeare's version.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/d/du/dubh_of_scotland.html (205 words)

	Gillecomgain, Sigurd, and Lulach
		He married Gruoch, the grandaughter of Kenneth III, probably in 1029, when she was about fifteen.
		Lulach is the son of GILLECOMGAIN, mormaer of Moray, and Gruoch, the grandaughter of KENNETH III.
		There was evidently strong support in Scotland at this time for the Gaelic household which had descended though the mormaers or stewards of Moray rather than the the more anglicised faction which had been encouraged by MALCOLM II and now activly promoted by Malcolm Canmore.
	www.angelfire.com /ky/MacBeth/historical.html (879 words)

	Macbeth of Scotland - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Macbeth then succeeded his cousin as Mormaer of Moray, and married Gilla Coemgáin's widow, Princess Gruoch — a granddaughter of Kenneth III through his son, Prince Bòidhe; thus becoming step-father to her son by Gillecomgain, Lulach.
		Macbeth was killed by Malcolm's forces at a battle near Lumphanan and the throne passed to Macbeth's stepson, Lulach, in August, 1057.
		Macbeth is buried on Iona, Scotland's sacred isle and the traditional burial place of High Kings of Scots and Picts at that time.
	www.jaipurgrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Macbeth_I_of_Scotland (1144 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Gruoch
		Gruoch (1007 - 1060) was the daughter of Bodhe, prince of Scotland.
		Gruoch was first married to Gillacomagnan, earl of Moray, of whom she had future king Lulach of Scotland.
		Gruoch next married Macbeth, son of Finlay of Moray and Donada.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/2380.htm (83 words)

	Women in History of Scots Descent - Lady MacBeth was Upholding Her Rights
		According to MacAlpin's law of Tanistry, the Kings of Scotland were to marry the Pictish princesses whom held the lands of Scotland.
		Lady Gruoch, step-mother of Lady Gruoch (Lady MacBeth) mustered her army to Kill King Gillacomgen of Moray after he had killed King Boede, the father of Lady MacBeth after Boede made his wife the heiress to his estate.
		Gruoch (LMB) was pregnant at the time of her husband's murder.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/women/wih4.htm (489 words)

	The Gargoyles Fans Website :: Episode Review: City of Stone, Part IV
		Gruoch berates Demona, telling her that it was Canmore, not MacBeth who betrayed her, destroying the rest of her kind.
		Gruoch prevents MacBeth from going after Luoch, saying that he is already accused of sorcery, and even his loyal Scotsmen would fear him as a revenant.
		Gruoch and Macbeth have one final farewell to each other before they part, Macbeth to leave Scotland forever so that his son may stand against Canmore with some hope of victory; their parting scene is a truly moving one (and makes one feel that Shakespeare has truly done this couple a monumental disservice).
	www.gargoyles-fans.org /reviews/ep25.htm (3615 words)

	General History of the Highlands of Scotland - Macbeth through to Malcolm III 1093
		Various attempts were made on the part of the partisans of Malcolm, son of Duncan, to dispossess Macbeth of the throne.
		Macbeth, "in a manner sacred to splendid infamy", is the first king of Scotland whose name appears in the ecclesiastical records as a benefactor of the church, and, it would appear, the first who offered his services to the Bishop of Rome.
		A considerable part of Malcolm's reign was spent in endeavouring to bring them into subjection, and before his death he had the satisfaction of seeing the whole of Scotland, with perhaps the exception of Orkney, acknowledging him as sole monarch.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/genhist/hist23.html (1388 words)

	Kings and Queens of Scotland, Part 1
		Donald II was the first monarch to be called "Ri Albain" or "King of Scotland" despite the fact that much of northern Scotland as far as Moray was held by the Norse Earl Sigurd from Orkney.
		Henry II of England also reclaimed Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland which had been ceded to Scotland during the reign of David I. After fighting in France on behalf of King Henry of England he returned and defeated Somerled who was attempting to advance eastwards, but not before the town of Glasgow had been sacked.
		Prior to this, by the Treaty of Birgham in 1290, King Edward I had guaranteed the survival of Scotland "separate, apart and free without subjection to the English nation" as a result of the six-year-old Margaret marrying the five-year-old future king of England, Edward II.
	www.rampantscotland.com /features/monarchs.htm (2683 words)

	Macbeth of Scotland - Wikinfo
		He was the son of Malcolm II's eldest daughter and in some eyes, including his own, had a better claim to the throne than Malcolm II's chosen successor Duncan I, who was the son of Malcolm II's second daughter.
		However, in 1054, Malcolm Canmore, Duncan's son, began his campaign for the throne with the assistance of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, by capturing the south of Scotland.
		Macbeth was killed by Malcolm at a battle near Lumphanan and the throne passed to Macbeth's stepson, Lulach, in August, 1057.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Macbeth_I_of_Scotland (892 words)

	davedevine : Scotland : Unification
		Scotland had no archbishop, and authority over the Roman Christian Church in Scotland was claimed by the Archbishop of York.
		As the Roman Christian Church in Scotland was both wealthier and better organised than the state at this time, control of it by a foreign prelate was felt to be intolerable.
		The Roman Christian Church in Scotland was declared subordinate to the Roman Christian Church in England, and English troops garrisoned four strategic castles, including Edinburgh and Stirling.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /devine/facts/s002.htm (2497 words)

	Lulach Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		His claim was based on the fact that his mother, Princess Gruoch, was the grand-daughter of Kenneth III.
		Every monarch since Kenneth I had in effect been the King of Scotland, but those up to King Aedh would have been referred to in their own time as Kings of the Picts and Scots; and those from Donald I onwards as Kings of Alba.
		It was only with the replacement of the House of Alpin with the House of Dunkeld that the occupant of the throne would be referred to in his own time as the King of Scotland.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /usbiography/monarchs/lulach.html (328 words)

	Macbeth Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		His marriage was significant because Princess Gruoch was the grand-daughter of Kenneth III, and Lulach was the one possible competitor from that side of the House of Alpin not wiped out by Macbeth's own grandfather, Malcolm II.
		Under his rule Scotland became relatively stable and prosperous (from a very low base on both counts): so stable, indeed, that he was able to leave the country for a number of months while he made a pilgrimage to Rome.
		In 1054, Duncan I's son, Malcolm Canmore, challenged for the throne of Scotland in alliance with Siward, Earl of Northumbria (who also happened to be Duncan's wife's cousin) and they took control of much of southern Scotland.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /usbiography/monarchs/macbeth.html (400 words)

	Bodhe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He was the father of Gruoch of Scotland and friend to Findláech of Moray, Macbeth's father.
		He arranged the marriage of Macbeth and Gruoch in 1032, which permitted Macbeth to assume the throne of Scotland in 1040.
		Later he was behind the short-lived ascension of Lulach of Scotland, his grandson, to the throne in 1057.
	bodhe.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Bodhe (291 words)

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