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Topic: Guano

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	Guano - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guano is harvested on various islands in the Pacific Ocean (for example the Chincha Islands and Nauru) and in other oceans (for example Juan de Nova Island).
		One of the major innovators in guano harvesting was Benjamin Drake Van Wissen.
		Guano has been harvested over several centuries along the coast of Peru, where islands and rocky shores have been sheltered from humans and predators and administered by private and state companies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guano (426 words)

	NamibWeb.com - The online guide to Namibia: Guano
		Guano is in essence the sedimentary conglomerate of dung, carcasses, feathers, eggshells and sand accumulating in areas where seabirds congregate in confined space on small off-shore islands or rocky outcrops that by virtue of their inaccessibility offer shelter from natural predators.
		Guano of a very high quality, due to the absence of sand on the platforms, is reaped every 12-18 month after the end of the main summer breeding season, when a layer of approximately 6 sm.
		Guano is rich mainly in Nitrogen (14-16%), Phosphorus (9%) and Potassium (3%), and used as a mix with artificial fertilizers in a liquid or solid form.
	www.namibweb.com /guano.htm (999 words)

	Keleher, Sara. 1996. GUANO: BATS' GIFT to GARDENERS . BATS. Vol 14, No 1:15-17.
		Guano was somewhat forgotten once chemical fertilizers became the plant food of choice, but it has always been prized by organic growers.
		He has also found that guano "works wonders" as a soil builder and says it can be used year-round to improve soil texture and richness, helping to bind loose soil and lighten heavy soil.
		Because guano is rich in bioremediation microbes, which clean up toxic substances, Beck touts it as a purifying addition for gardens in transition from chemical to organic practices.
	www.batcon.org /batsmag/v14n1-7.html (1227 words)

	THE UNIQUNESS OF GUANO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Everything in guano, even beneficial microbes, are useful and necessary for the soil, the roots and foliage of plant life.
		The guano you purchase to fertilizer your plants is really no longer bat poop but a highly refined, nontoxic, not bad smelling fine powder, processed by nature into her choicest plant food.
		The processing by the beetles and decomposing microbes rendered the bat guano free of toxins and dangerous pathogens to humans other then opportunistic pathogens that are normally found everywhere in dust.
	www.malcolmbeck.com /articles/guano.htm (692 words)

	Guano
		The word guano originated from the Quichua language of the Inca civilization and means "the droppings of sea birds".
		Famous guano known throughout history as the exclusive fertilizer of the Inca civilization and produced by sea birds that thrive on fish in a extreme environment.
		Guano can be fresh, semi-fossilized or fossilized and will be a factor, among others, on the nutrient content when used.
	www.dirtworks.net /guano.html (1227 words)

	ICE Case Study: Guano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Guano, a natural fertilizer made from bird droppings, was a prized commodity during the 19th century and heavily traded by European and American traders.
		Guano was widely used by the native populations of pre-Spanish Latin America for centuries as a fertilizer to increase crop yields.
		However, by the 20th century, measures were taken to preserve the guano birds and their habitats by limiting the amount of guano that is exported and the amount of fish that is caught to ensure a stable food supply for the guano birds.) Industry output in 1920 was 11,400 tons, equal to $500,000 (1920 dollars).
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/guano.htm (1486 words)

	Guano Islands Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Guano Islands Act was federal legislation passed by the U.S. Congress on August 18, 1856 enabling citizens of the U.S. to take possession of islands containing guano deposits.
		The Guano Islands Act is currently embodied in federal statutes as U.S. Code, Title 48, Chapter 8, Sections 1411-1419.
		In the early 19th century, guano came to be prized as an agricultural fertilizer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guano_Islands_Act (375 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Seabird Guano and Bat Dung
		Although the word 'guano' is used to refer to both bat and seagull dung, and is defined in the dictionary that way, it originally came from the Quichua language of the Inca civilization and means 'the droppings of sea birds'.
		The catch was that the guano could only be removed for the use of the citizens of the United States.
		Guano that is heavy in nitrogen is good for growth, when heavy in phosphorus it is good for developing buds.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A765678 (588 words)

	Guano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although exploited since before the Incas, guano reserves were almost depleted during the nineteenth century.
		They are harvested during the nonbreeding season every 5 to 7 years, depending on the amount of guano and number of birds in the colonies.
		This guano is used in crops in Peru, and small amounts are exported to the United States and Europe.
	www.imarpe.gob.pe /aves/Guano.html (288 words)

	Down To Earth Bat Guano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Called the king of all natural fertilizers, bat guano is the accumulated droppings of bats in dry caves protected from the elements.
		Down to Earth Bat Guano is harvested by a responsible cave owner that cultivates his cave with care and concern for the bats.
		The high phosphorus guano (0-7-0) is naturally composted causing the nitrogen to be released as a vapor while enriching the phosphorus.
	www.brackengardens.com /store/moreinfo.cfm?Product_ID=373 (171 words)

	Guano Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Description Guano was widely used by the native populations of pre-Spanish Latin America for centuries as a fertilizer to increase crop yields.
		Peru's primary guano islands are the Chinchas, the Ballestras, the Lobos, and the Macabi and Guanape islands.
		However, by the 20th century, measures were taken to preserve the guano birds and their habitats by limiting the amount of guano that is exported and the amount of fish that is caught to ensure a stable food supply for the guano birds.) 15.
	www.american.edu /TED/guano.htm (1788 words)

	Answers to questions about organic quano fertilizer , bat or seabird
		The word guano originated from the Quichua language of the Inca civilization and means "the droppings of seabirds".
		By labeling a guano high-nitrogen, it is intended to inform the grower that it should be used for its nitrogen but the guano will also contain phosphorus, potassium and micro-nutrients.
		Guano can be blended with top-soil before laying sod or grass and while planting trees and shrubs.
	www.living-learning.com /faq/guanfaq.htm (875 words)

	American Polynesia and the Hawaiian Chain
		Guano is formed from the excrement of sea birds, where it has accumulated in dry regions, such as islands off the coast of Peru and in the mid-Pacific.
		Enderbury was added to the guano islands in 1862, and reached the height of its enterprise between 1870 and 1873, under the management of Captain Elias Hempstead.
		Guano deposits were found on Malden Island about 1848 by an American whaler, who sold his find to a company in Sydney, New South Wales.
	www.janeresture.com /polynesia_american (4712 words)

	Guano
		Guano became a very important part of the development of agriculture in these United States.
		Guano is provided in the ready to use condition, thoroughly aged to the vintage state of a good natural fertilizer.
		Guano can be used inside or outdoors for all living plants.
	www.newenglandnatural.com /guano.html (1048 words)

	09/25/04 Carroll Bio Survey Trip(guano descriptions, striped bass & lunch)
		Guano 1: The main area is about 10 feet in diameter with sprinkles extending another 10 feet to the northwest.
		Guano 13, 14 and 15: These three piles (actually four – we did not number one of them) are located along a stretch of cave about 100 feet long.
		Guano 3: 15 feet toward entrance from guano 3 there was guano in the water.
	www.carrollcave.org /reports/bio/092504bio_survey.htm (3115 words)

	FIREPOWER AND FERTILIZERS
		Guano was Peru's leading export in the 1850s and its largest source of revenue, with 300 shiploads of guano a year leaving Peru, most of them in American ships.
		Guano fever swept American farmers, especially those who had suddenly realized that crop yields were dropping as they exhausted their soil.
		Guano continued to be exported to Britain for a number of years at about 150,000 tonnes per year during the 1860s, but with the advent of nitrates and mined rock phosphate, the guano trade diminished considerably because the new products had a high and more reliable quality.
	www-geology.ucdavis.edu /~cowen/~GEL115/115CH16fertilizer.html (3237 words)

	Bat guano: properties and composition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This guano has a wide range of chelates (natural, organo-mineral compounds with a high molecular weight), giving it greater structural stability and an extended residual effect on the soil or the substrata on which it is applied.
		The freshest guano also benefits from the fauna within, whose main function is to accelerate the process of decomposition in the guano and increase its wealth of essential nutrients.
		Another factor in guano composition is the millions of mineral particles that fall from the cave ceiling where the bats sleep.
	www.bat-guano.com /english/articulo-guano3.html (1000 words)

	Organic Guano Fertilizer (Bat Guano and Marine Sea Bird Guano) to Grow Healthy and Favorful Plants from 3R Lighting
		This Bat Guano encourages fuller and healthier leaves; spinach, lettuce, and herbs grown for their leaves produce better and plants like tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, cantaloupe, etc. get off to a better start.
		Guano Teas keep for about five days to a week or so, but add any supplements to the tea like seaweed, bloodmeal, worm castings, etc. shortly before applying the solution to your plants.
		Guano has come to represent a polite word for animal wastes in many forms, whether used as a fertilizer or simply as a descriptive.
	www.3rlighting.com /organic/guano.html (1046 words)

	Guano at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Guano is the name given to the collected droppings of seabirds and bats.
		Guano is harvested on various islands in the Pacific (for example Nauru) and in other oceans (for example Juan de Nova Island).
		Matt Peters collects bat droppings, or guano, from the attics and bell towers of area churches and...
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Guano.html (186 words)

	History of Jarvis Island
		From 1858 to 1879 there is continuous record of guano shipments from Jarvis island, one of the most extensively exploited of the guano islands.
		Supplies were taken to the guano islands about four times a year from Honolulu by schooners, which also transported native laborers, and white overseers and chemists.
		Following the Agate, this run was made by the Helen, the Odd Fellow, and the Active, 1863 to 1864; the Hawaiian bark Kamehameha V, 1865 to 1869; and the C. Ward, 1870 to the end of activity in 1879.
	home.att.net /~higley.family/sub1.htm (2736 words)

	Guano Boys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Despite the diversity in approach and instrumentation, the resulting chemistry is a sound that is instantly identifiable yet always interesting and unpredictable.
		The initial Guano Boys recording has been enthusiastically received by Fans and DJs across the United States.
		Guano Boys are based in Charlottesville, Virginia, and if you’re within a 200 mile radius, we are readily available to perform for your parties, dances, weddings, or what-have-you…
	www.guanoboy.com (194 words)

	Bat and Seabird Guano, an excellant organic fertilizer
		Nutrients in guano vary as there are a variety of producers, food sources and environmental constraints.
		Bat and seabird guano is available from one source that thrives on fruit, which produce high phophorous guano, while another source feasts on insects, producing high nitrogen guano.
		Guano is highly concentrated and can be mixed with your soil, used as a side dressing, or made into a tea and used as a base for hydroponic nutrients.
	www.living-learning.com /store/nutrients/batguano.htm (158 words)

	The Guano Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The malmoea submits that bats and bat guano are an important natural resouce.
		if you want to support our efforts by purchasing a bag or 3 of guano send $10.22 per bag, or if you are interested in very large quanties we can point you in the right direction through a canadian person selling bat guano produced in the philippines.
		The malmoea is interested in hearing from you regarding bat guano or anything on the subject of preserving our planet.
	www.malmoea.com /otatc/guano/guano2.html (381 words)

	[No title]
		Completion of proof on death of discoverer -STATUTE- If the discoverer dies before perfecting proof of discovery or fully complying with the provisions of section 1412 of this title, his widow, heir, executor, or administrator shall be entitled to the benefits of such discovery, upon complying with the provisions of this chapter.
		Restrictions upon exportation -STATUTE- No guano shall be taken from any island, rock, or key mentioned in section 1411 of this title, except for the use of the citizens of the United States or of persons resident therein.
		Regulation of trade -STATUTE- The introduction of guano from such islands, rocks, or keys shall be regulated as in the coasting trade between different parts of the United States, and the same laws shall govern the vessels concerned therein.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/48C8.txt (575 words)

	Bat Conservation International, Inc. - A Guano-based Ecosystem
		Bat guano’s value as a premiere fertilizer for plants has been well-known for centuries.
		Guano, it seems, is a rather nutritious, protein-rich substance because bats don’t completely digest their food (mostly insects in this case).
		The researchers analyzed the guano for nutritional content and found it to be surprisingly good: similar to the crustaceans that other salamanders eat, “with a protein and mineral content that beats a hamburger,” news@nature.com said.
	www.batcon.org /news2/scripts/article.asp?articleID=147 (323 words)

	Bat guano: buy natural organic fertilizer for healthy plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Our bat guano has been processed to create a powder with particles of less than 3 millimetres across and is odourless.
		Bat guano has been used in agriculture for many years, but is better known in the USA at present than in Europe or other regions of the world.
		With the expansion of organic farming, bat guano will be indispensable to these new methods of production.
	www.bat-guano.com (253 words)

	Jamaican Bat Guano Fertilizer and Cave Preservation
		The wholesale removal of the bat guano results in the elimination of not only the bats that made it, through repeated disturbance of a creature that lives on the metabolic edge and is easily driven over that edge, but also results in the elimination of almost every species that lived on it.
		There is more to be found in the caves, and the guano, than just a fertilizer that will likely be used for the production of recreational drugs; remove the guano and you remove tens of thousand of years of Jamaica's history and much of the life that still exists there.
		The current biological status of the source caves for the commercially available Jamaican Bat Guano found at hydroponic and gardening stores across North America is unknown, but prudence suggests a careful survey to ensure that the cave systems remain healthy.
	www.jamaicancaves.org /jamaican_bat_guano.htm (627 words)

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