Guaraní - Factbites

Guaraní - Factbites
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Topic: Guaraní

Note: these results are not from the primary (high quality) database.

In the News (Fri 11 Dec 09)

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	Post-Stroessner Language Planning in Paraguay (Paraguayan language policy: a sociolinguistic and post-colonial perspective)
		The population of Paraguay is around 40% monolingual in Guaraní, 50% bilingual, and just over six percent monolingual Spanish (see Table 1).
		Since only a very small proportion of female Guaraní monolinguals is employed, we need only look at the totals for employed Guaraní monolinguals (Table 5), the majority of whom are farmers.
		Since Guaraní monolingualism is predominant in the rural interior and most work is traditionally done by males, Guaraní confers a clear economic advantage to men.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~sngynan/f99paper.html

	Multilateral Initiative To Manage South America’s Largest Groundwater Reservoir Launched
		The Guaraní Aquifer Project can have ramifications for other areas of cooperation in the MERCOSUR region, including other environmental issues. Its success can also extend beyond the region and be an example of what can be accomplished through multilateral cooperation.
		In the long term, this project is expected to benefit these populations by helping maintain a sustainable supply of safe water for humans; high-quality water for industry; a sustainable supply of thermal water for tourism, industrial, and municipal uses; and reduced conflict potential due to the use of the Aquifer’s waters in trans-boundary areas.
		“That these four countries have recognized the need to preserve the aquifer is already a step in the right direction. It is a historic act for them to have agreed to do this before a water crisis emerges.” said Axel van Trotsenburg, World Bank Country Director for Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile.
	www.waternunc.com /gb/WB34_2003.htm

	Chácore purahéi (Vortrag)
		La literatura en guaraní constituye evidentemente la "variante baja", de menos prestigio, y normalmente sólo merece una consideración marginal o queda totalmente excluida de la mayoría de las "historias de la literatura paraguaya".
		Las vierte en un guaraní popular que se averigua como su forma de expresión idónea porque resucita automáticamente las estructuras y valores sociales de la cultura guerrera y ancestral de donde habrían surgido.
		A esta "táctica" se suma el grado de presencia que tiene cualquier narrativa en guaraní, pues el tiempo gramatical del relato es generalmente el presente; los sufijos del pasado solo se emplean para insistir en lo remoto de una acción y lógicamente se omiten en este texto.
	www.uni-mainz.de /~lustig/guarani/chacpura/chactext.htm (6345 words)

	Guaraní: The Language and People
		The language of Guaraní, a language once spoken throughout most of the southern half of the new world by native Americans, now occupies a seat next to Spanish as one of the official languages of Paraguay.
		The Guaraní language is part of the Tupí-Guaraní language family, a family that includes many of the indigenous languages south of the Amazon.
		The language of this time period probably had between 1.5 and 2 million speakers and is often referred to as Indigenous Guaraní (20).
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/Guarani1.html (1424 words)

	Guaraní
		The internal economic organization of the Jesuit missions among the Guarani.
		Guarani Suicide.(pobreza e incertidumbre los lleva tomar el camino fácil.)(TA: poverty and despair lead them to the easy way out.) (Hemisphere)
		The Guaraní language is currently spoken by over 4 million people in Paraguay and in adjacent portions of Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0822020.html (1424 words)

	The Guaraná Home Page: Scientific Support for the Use of guaraná: Paullinia cupana H.B.K. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke (Sapindaceae)..
		Belliardo, F., Martelli, A. and Valle, M.G. (1985) HPLC determination of caffeine and theophylline in Paullinia cupana Kunth (guaraná) and Cola spp.
		Galduroz, J.C. and Carlini, E. de A. (1994) Acute effects of the Paullinia cupana, "Guaraná" on the cognition of normal volunteers.
		Bydlowski, S.P., Yunker, R.L. and Subbiah, M.T. (1988) An novel property of guaraná extract (Paullinia cupana): inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo.
	www.xs4all.nl /~marcelo/guarana/ukdocs/zum_felde.html (2072 words)

	Guarani Ñanduti Rogue
		Hay que diferenciar las culturas indígenas del Paraguay - que sólo en parte también se expresan en guaraní - de la cultura paraguayo-guarani que teóricamente se muestra orgullosa de sus raíces indígenas pero que en la práctica no parece estimar a los descendientes de los antiguos guaraníes.
		Proverbios y refranes I en guarani con traducción al español (¡ilustrados!): otra de las formas de expresión muy genuinas y populares de la cultura guaraní-paraguaya y a la vez de un tipo de humor muy peculiar.
		Desde siempre se han redactado textos "pragmáticos" en guaraní, por ejemplo proclamas políticas d etodo tipo, empezando con los memoriales de agravio que mandaron ciertas comunidades indígenas al rey de España cuando se veían expuestos a la agresión de los encomenderos y mamelucos.
	www.uni-mainz.de /~lustig/hisp/guarani.html (2072 words)

	Guaraní Dictionary
		I suspect that the 'r' is a true 'flapped r' in Guaraní, sounding like the middle sound in the word "butter" in standard American English.
		That, along with the nasalized vowels must give it a particularly nasal/whiney sound, and is perhaps the reason why the Chilean lady told me that Guaraní is the greatest language on earth for expressing love (the dictionary does list a number of nouns and verbs for 'love' and 'lover').
		I had high hopes that this dictionary might include useful phrases for learning some of the basics of Guaraní communication, but, unfortunately, the dictionary only consists of single lexical entries, identified by part of speech, and primarily glossed with one or two entries from the other language.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article544.htm (1264 words)

	Guarani -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Indian language, Guaraní, continues to be spoken by the majority of Paraguayans, and bilingualism in Spanish and Guaraní is the norm.
		These languages were used by the first European traders and missionaries as contact languages in their dealings with the Indians.
		Until 1992 Spanish was the official language, although Guaraní was spoken by nearly 90 percent of the population.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9038310?tocId=9038310 (667 words)

	Guarani language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Guaraní is one of the offical languages of Paraguay, along with Spanish, and started to appear in writing in the form of religious texts during the 18th century.
		Guaraní is an Amerind language spoken by about 4.6 million people in Paraguay.
		Guarani Renda - avañe'ẽ rehegua / acerca del idioma guaraní (information about Guarani in Spanish and Guarani): http://www.datamex.com.py/guarani/
	www.omniglot.com /writing/guarani.htm (204 words)

	Guarani -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The aboriginal Guaraní inhabited eastern Paraguay and adjacent areas in Brazil and Argentina.
		It is divided by some scholars into two major divisions: Tupí in eastern Brazil and Guaraní in Paraguay and Argentina.
		In the 14th and 15th centuries some Tupian speakers migrated inland to the Río de la Plata, where they became the Guaraní of Paraguay.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9038310 (204 words)

	Chef
		Los matacos reconocían 16 clases distintas según sea la especie de abeja que la elabora, la miel de camoatí de los guaraníes, las denominadas por los lule-vilelas: abocots, yalam, ame, qualè, yan, amil, quilili, vacots; con la que preparaban el guarapo (hidromiel).
		Los matacos y congéneres del Chaco Occidental: Mataco-Macca (matacos, chorotìs, ashluslay, maccaès), Matacos (agoyàes, teutas, tayndàes, mataguayos), y los guaranìes (tupì-guaranì).
	www.alimentacion-sana.com.ar /informaciones/Chef/mielargentina.htm (428 words)

	Cabeza de Vaca's Adventure in South America 1540-1545
		The expedition's reception by the natives was peaceful because Cabeza de Vaca traded for the supplies the expedition needed from the natives.
		One of the native guides for the expedition was a chief of a subtribe of the Guaraní, Aracaré who was secretly intent upon destroying the mission.
		July 1542: An punitive expedition of two hundred Spanish soldiers, a dozen horsemen and ten thousand Guaraní warriors under the command of Cabeza de Vaca set out from Asunción against the Guaycurúes, a tribe that refused to make peace with the Spanish and the Guaraní.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/cabeza3.htm (428 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for The Grammar of Possession [SLCS 33]
		The Grammar of Possession: Inalienability, incorporation and possessor ascension in Guaraní, is an exhaustive study of linguistic structures in Paraguayan Guaraní which are directly or indirectly associated with the semantic domain of inalienability.
		The study is an important and very welcome addition to the literature on possession, both by the data on Guaraní and by its many intelligent and important reflexions on inalienability in general.
		Examples are drawn from a rich data base that incorporate native speaker intuitions and resources in the construction of illustrative linguistic forms as well as the analysis of the communicative use of the forms under study.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=SLCS_33 (428 words)

	tekConsultants.net
		The goal of the project is to design and develop the Base Map for the Guaraní Aquifer, a large area comprising parts of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, covering an extension of 1,200,000 sq.
		TekConsultants is pleased to announce the award of the Base Map Development project for the Guaraní Aquifer System in partnership with Tecsult International Ltd. from Canada ( www.tecsult.com).
		The project involves gathering and validating available cartographic and descriptive data provided by the four included countries into one unique geographic database model, and developing a digital base map at 1:250,000 scale, for regional planning purposes.
	tekconsultants.net /press_31march05_3.asp (428 words)

	NatureServe: Latin America: Guarani Aquifer Report
		This region represents one of the most important recharge zones for the entire Guaraní, and as such is critical to the health and management of this international natural resource.
		The goal of this project is to develop more effective resource management policies and decision-making in the Paraguayan section of the Guaraní aquifer watershed.
		The aquifer underlies nearly 20% of Paraguay, covering a vast landscape of 72,000 square kilometers in the southeastern portion of the country.
	www.natureserve.org /latinamerica/guaraniAquifer.jsp (428 words)

	bum-bum.tv more drinxs
		Guaraná is also a very popular soft drink in Brazil.
		The people of the Amazon region in Brazil chew guaraná seeds as a source of energy or drink the powder dissolved in water.
		Guaraná (paullinea cupana) is a tropical plant with small red fruit with a high caffeine content.
	www.bum-bum.tv /pages/gifts_drinks3.html (118 words)

	Journal of Political Ecology
		The Guaraní language, in contrast to threatened native languages, is spoken along with Spanish by about 90 percent of the inhabitants of Paraguay, most of whom, it seems, do not consider themselves to be "Indians" (índios), but rather Paraguayans more generally.
		Whereas a language may exist apart from the culture with which its origins are associated, Richard Reed s new book makes a case for persistence of some native Guaraní cultural traits in a study of Chiripá communities in eastern Paraguay s Mbaracayú region.
		This language is fundamentally different from- though related to- the language of the neighboring Aché (or Guayaki), at one time a hunting-and-gathering people.
	dizzy.library.arizona.edu /ej/jpe/volume_4/baleevol4.htm (2059 words)

	Political and Economic History of Paraguay
		Paraguay has some notable unusual aspects of its political, demographic and economic history that makes it worth special study.
		After the expulsion of the Jesuits by the King of Spain and later under independence Paraguay was ruled by a series of military dictatorships.
		Because of the colonies isolation from Spain the Spaniards took native Guaraní wives and the mestizo character of the colonies began.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/paraguay.htm (375 words)

	Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 45, no. 3
		It is shown that the language shift affects the function not only of the shifting language, but also of the target language, as Fulfulde has intruded into more domains of life and functions among the different ethnic groups in the study area.
		Several languages in at least three different subgroups of Tupí-Guaraní have terms for a widespread nondomesticated species of cacao as well as for domesticated cacao that are superficially similar to reconstructed Mesoamerican terms for domesticated cacao.
		While economic, social, political, religious, and contextual factors are identified as some of the causes for the shift, language spread, language endangerment or language decline, additive bilingualism, and code-switching are found to be some of the sociolinguistic implications of the shift.
	www.indiana.edu /~anthling/v45-3.html (375 words)

	Labi-Nime 2002
		The Kaiowá, in particular, originally accupied na area shared by Brazil and Paraguay and were forced into contact with whites mostly in the last century, when many battles were waged in their territories.
		Since the demarcation of these settlements did not follow the criteria of traditional land occupation, many indigenous groups were forced to abandon their original lands and ended up being transferred to reservations set up by federal government organs.
		The Kaiowá are one of the three groups that comprise the Guaraní (the others are the Ñandeva and Mbüa); in additiobn to Brazil, the Guaraní are present in Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia.
	www.imaginario.com.br /artigo/a0001_a0030/a0011.shtml (375 words)

	Athena Review 1,3: South American Languages
		Macro-Gê: Speakers of the 32 known Macro-Gê languages are mostly in the Brazilian highlands, where their tribes were probably pushed by the northern and eastern migrations of Tupi-Guaraní groups from the Paraguay-Paraná and Amazon river areas shortly before contact.
		Today, Quechuan is the only native language extant in the Ecuadorian highlands, with at least seven million speakers in numerous dialects.
		Guaraní was spoken in coastal regions south of Tupi territory, and inland as far as modern Paraguay and Bolivia.
	www.athenapub.com /salang1.htm (375 words)

	Jaguar Facts
		Today, the largest contiguous area of jaguar range is centered in the Amazon Basin and includes adjoining areas in the Cerrado, Pantanal, and Chaco to the south and extending to the Caribbean coast in Venezuela and the Guianas.
		Jaguars, Panthera onca, are the third largest cat in the feline family after tigers and lions.
		While the jaguar does most of its stalking on the ground, it is an excellent climber, leaping from a tree or ledge to ambush prey.
	www.zoo.org /pressroom/jag_htm/facts.htm (523 words)

	LOT Winter School 2001 -
		The Grammar of Possession: Inalienability, Incorporation and Possessor Ascension in Guaraní.
		At the same time, it will be stressed that all bona fide EP constructions are "Voice-related" because of how they manipulate the grammatical expression of semantic roles.
		For the phenomenon at hand, we will ask to what extent one can usefully define what are, and are not, EP constructions, and why.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dlpayne/dcourses/cdpayne.html (490 words)

	JACA - Software Fault Injection Tool
		In this case, it uses the Guaraná Meta-Object Protocol.
		Validation of a COTS component: Jaca is being used in the validation of an Object-Oriented Database Management System with the aim to determine whether ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) are not violated in the presence of faults.
		It uses Javassist, a Meta-Object Protocol, in order to inject faults inside a system being tested.
	www.dcc.unicamp.br /~eliane/JACA/JACA.html (408 words)

	THE MISSION
		Rodrigo returns to Asunci�n with his captives, who are to be sold as slaves.
		Rodrigo stubbornly resists making an apology, but finally does so.
		Rodrigo Mendoza raids the territory, murdering and capturing Guaran�.
	academic.regis.edu /jroth/CCS400mission.htm (408 words)

	DVD Verdict Review - The Mission: Special Edition
		Mendoza too loves the Guaraní, but is torn between helping them peacefully and the echoes of his mercenary past.
		Mendoza's designs for them are slightly less altruistic; he hunts them down, captures them, and sells them as slaves.
		Mendoza, as a mercenary, conducts slave raids in Spanish territory and brings his captures back to Portuguese lands.
	www.dvdverdict.com /reviews/missionse.shtml (408 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Reductions of Paraguay
		The connecting link between the Guaraní and the Chiquitos missions was formed by the Mission of Taruma with three Reductions: San Joaquin (1747); San Estsanislao (1747), and Belen (1760), to which 2597 souls (547 families) belonged in 1762, and 3777 souls (803 families) in 1766.
		Far greater difficulties than in the Guaraní missions were encountered among the numerous many-tongued "mounted tribes" of the Gran Chaco, whose depredations continually kept the Spanish colonies on the alert.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12688b.htm (7892 words)

	Athena Review 1,3: South American Languages
		As a result, the Tupi language became the lingua franca of traders, missionaries, and soldiers such as Orellana and Fritz (Omagua), and Staden (Tupinikin and Tupinambá).
		Guaraní was spoken in coastal regions south of Tupi territory, and inland as far as modern Paraguay and Bolivia.
		In contact times numerous Tupi speakers lived along the Brazilian coast, río Paraná, and south bank of the Amazon, often serving as traders, and aggressively expanding into neighboring territories.
	www.athenapub.com /salang1.htm (2065 words)

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In the News (Fri 11 Dec 09)