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Topic: Guarani

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Guarani Indians

Guarani language

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	Guarani - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guarani was one of the most important tribal groups of South America, having the former home territory chiefly between the Uruguay and lower Paraguay Rivers, in what is now Paraguay and the Provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios of Argentina.
		The Guarani were also later described, amongst many other historical documents in existence today, in 1903, by Croatian explorers Mirko and Stjepan Seljan.
		Roland Joffe's 1986 film The Mission was about the Guarani and their role in a battle between the Jesuits and Portuguese Government over them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guarani (2569 words)

	RACIAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Emigrant Guarani of the XVI century, Chiriguanos, seated in the mountain range, arrived to a cultural symbiosis of its traditional patterns and patron Chané preandinos.
		Guarani ones that were independent from the conquest in the not colonized forest area of Paraná river, still when they adopted the metal axe and the " canvas ", conserved their basic culture until final of XIX century.
		The Guarani one that rebelled with weapons was condemned to the status of perpetual and hereditary servants, gathered in "encomiendas de yanacona".
	www.museobarbero.org.py /resumen_iii.htm (1935 words)

	[No title]
		The missionized Indians became known as Guarani, while those who avoided conversion became known as Cayua or Caingua, a name which roughly translates as "men of the forest." The Cayua are also speakers of the Guarani language.
		In the sense that Guarani signifies a vaguely-defined group of acculturated Indians (including Mestizos), the entire rural population of Paraguay is often referred to as Guarani (Metraux 1948: 69).
		The estimate of the Brazilian Cayua population as of 1943 was between 2,000 and 4,000 individuals.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7843 (1066 words)

	The Guarani as a collective group did not resist Spanish colonial rule until the 1750s, and then a major uprising among ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Guarani neophytes lived in compact villages adjoining the mission church and associated structures, and this living in close proximity to each other in large numbers made it easier for pathogens to spread.
		The Guarani populations living in the missions were high fertility and high mortality population, similar to contemporary European populations.
		The Guarani populations drawn into the missions did not experience the declines associated elsewhere with the arrival of the Europeans, and the creation of new colonial regimes.
	www.timsbaja.com /rjackson/020703/sanlorenzomartir.html (5371 words)

	CRL Newsletter Vol. 3, No. 6 July 1989
		An account of Guarani possessor ascension which is not semantically based will have no way of predicting the different behaviors of the two classes of inalien- able nouns, which are shown here to pattern differently with respect to possessor ascension.
		In Guarani, we have no overt indication that the rela- tion between the two nominals is a possessive one.
		It seems, then, that the possessive interpretation of juxtaposed nomi- nals in Guarani is achieved by means of the RP model plus a minimal overt clue in the construction: juxtapo- sition of the two nominals, where the reference point precedes the target (PSR-PSM).
	crl.ucsd.edu /newsletter/3-6/Article1.html (5386 words)

	Paraty - Os Índios Guaranís
		The traditional territory of the Guarani is located in the castern part of Paraguai, the mission region in Argentina, the northern part of Uruguai and in Brasil parts of Mato Grosso South and in southern and easthern regions.
		The Guarani Mbyá, because of former intense contact characterized by cultural and fysical persecutions, developed variores mecanisms in order to maintain and live their cultural and religious traditions, guaranteeing the continuation of the tribe and ethniticity.
		The bonds and the reciprocity between the groups of the varions villages maintain and guarantee the necessary mobility for phisical and cultural reproduction of Guarani Mbyá society, in which the territorial conception and social space of all the villages are considered one cammon territory.
	www.paraty.com.br /iguarani.htm (611 words)

	Land Claims - An International Perspective: Guarani Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of the major conflicts that the Guarani people have lived with are, since the settlers came and took away the traditional land of the people, the suicide rate of the Guarani people have increased drastically.
		In the Guarani religion it is clear that there is nothing they prize more than the land, which is the gift of the 'great father', Ñande Ru, and land that does not pocess evil, is considered the resting place for their souls.
		The Guarani are asking for the government to have their land right recognised, and to have the land that has been taken away from them by ranchers and others restored to Guarani.
	www.nbchs.north-battleford.sk.ca /grassroots04/natst20/archives/cat_guarani.html (1502 words)

	Canadian Journal of History: Guarani Under Spanish Rule in the Rio de la Plata, The
		The Guarani Under Spanish Rule is an ambitious, detailed, and thoroughlyresearched revisionist historical study of the Jesuit missions established among the Guarani Indians of the River Plate region of South America from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century.
		The means by which the Guarani registered their dissatisfaction and /or protest over change detrimental to their interests (relocation as a result of the 1750 Treaty of Madrid, for example) ranged from written letters and petitions to violent resistance if necessary.
		Yet, as the author also authoritatively demonstrates, the Guarani also retained important elements of their culture (such as language), while also adapting to change, ultimately carving out a new existence for themselves as a matter of cultural survival.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200408/ai_n9443703 (862 words)

	Guaraní language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The reason why Guarani subsisted with enough vigor to be officialized was that the Jesuits elected it as the language to preach Catholicism to the Indians.
		Guarani was the language of the autonomous Jesuit-governed.
		Guarani - English Dictionary (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Guarani-english/): from *Webster's Online Dictionary (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org) - the Rosetta Edition.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Guarani_language (385 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		writes: // Guarani is the most spoken language in Paraguay and it is written // since 1500 when Jesuits came to this country.
		With the recent // scolar reform Guarani was introduced as mandatory in all classes.
		// The peculiarity of guarani' consists in its nasal vawel that are // the 6 following: "a e i o u y" with the cedilla ~ on top and the // same with tonic accent ' on top.
	czyborra.com /yudit/Guarani.kmap (86 words)

	Learn Guarani On (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		You should begin studying Guarani by becoming familiar with Pronunciation and Orthography, especially since Guarani orthography does not fit into the ISO Latin 1 scheme of things.
		The Guaranis were a people of the forest and their word for Paradise or heaven was Yvága, which means "a place of abundant fruit trees." Their language, which was largely onomatopoeic in origin, still preserves the sounds of the forest.
		Some Guarani tribes had fought the Guaycurus of the Chaco and pressed on to the edges of the Inca kingdom, coveting its riches long before the white man came.
	www.terere.com /terere/canales/paraguay4u/guaranilanguage/guarani.php (747 words)

	The Guarani Say: Death Before Eviction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the eviction is upheld, 250 Guarani people have threatened to commit collective suicide, a path that they have chosen to confront the continued invasions of their land.
		The pressure and colonization of Guarani lands has intensified due to the fact that they are located in the area of the Paraná-Paraguay government project to connect Bolivia and Paraguay to the Atlantic.
		Marta Vito Guarani founded the association after the assassination of her uncle, Marcal Tupã de Souza, a well-known indigenous leader and one of the hundreds of leaders assassinated for their resistance to the invasions.
	www.spunk.org /texts/pubs/lr/sp001715/guarani.html (1426 words)

	Survival International
		The Guarani believe that the 'land without evil' is the resting place of the soul after death - over the centuries many Guarani have embarked on great journeys in an attempt to find the land without evil in this life.
		The Guarani in Brazil are suffering terribly from the theft of almost all their land.
		Survival is supporting the Guarani in their struggle to have their land rights recognised, and to have the land that has been taken from them by ranchers and others restored to them.
	www.survival-international.org /tribes.php?tribe_id=50 (482 words)

	Accord Gives Hope: Guarani Kaiowa of Sucuri'y
		With their organization and manifested determination, with the support of all those in solidarity with the cause, this community has dampened the fury of those who took control of the land, and their allies: the rancher, the mayor of Maracaju, MS, and the rancher's union of the municipality.
		Finally, they had to accept that the Guarani Kaiowa would stay where they are, in the heart of their traditional territory.
		With the village reunified after being forced off their land for the past ten years, they will have the strength to occupy the full extent of the small piece of land which is now theirs.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/41/046.html (756 words)

	AllRefer.com - GuaranI (South American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		The GuaranI language is currently spoken by over 4 million people in Paraguay and in adjacent portions of Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia.
		Although their material culture was not advanced, GuaranI songs, dances, and myths constituted a rich body of folklore.
		The GuaranI survived initial contact with rapacious conquistadors because Paraguay lay apart from the main routes of Spanish trade and influence.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Guarani.html (351 words)

	WAIS Documents
		The fact that Paraguay is, indeed, the only truly bilingual country in Spanish America (i.e.,everyone speaks two languages and there is no stigma attached to using the native language in any setting) makes it ripe for comparative study of some of the themes of bilingualism that you and WAIS colleagues have been bandying about.
		Paraguayan guarani is the principal survivor of the Tupi-Guarani languages once spoken over much of South America.
		But certainly Obviated ability to communicate in Guarani with the feelings of his poorer listeners is widely cited in Paraguay as an important factor in his political appeal." My comment: The language situation is very fluid, and the report by Michael Reid is the latest I have.
	wais.stanford.edu /Paraguay/paraguay_guarani.html (649 words)

	Argentine tribe losing battle against ‘silent genocide’ - [Sunday Herald] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is estimated that almost 50% of children in the Guarani region suffer from severe malnutrition.
		The 4000 Guaranis left in the region are limited to an area of 6500 hectares.
		There, the Guaranis are squeezed into less than 1% of their original territory and are said to have the highest suicide rate in the world.
	www.sundayherald.com /48117 (999 words)

	guarani nhe-e (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The libretto of "Il Guarany" tells the tragic love story of the daughter of a Portuguese colonialist and a Guarani native in the colonial Brazil of the 17th Century.
		The Guaranis were not the native Indians of coastal Brazil at that time, but the Tamoios, which were wiped out by the colonialists.
		In that sense, the Guarani arrived at that region of the Brazilian coast almost 3 centuries after the Europeans did.
	www.wuk.at /brasil2000/guarani/STORY.html (375 words)

	World Gospel Mission Ministry information: Guarani-Jopara Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Guarani is the heart language of the people of Paraguay, South America.
		Many of the programs also teach a purified form of Guarani rather than the language as it is commonly spoken.
		His desire was to teach Guarani-Jopara, the form of Guarani spoken by most Paraguayans in which Spanish words are mixed in with Guarani.
	www.wgm.org /cms/Ministries/cmsMinistryShow.asp?did=417 (232 words)

	Guarani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Aimoré and Guarani Indians are at war.
		Cecília, daughter of Don Antônio de Mariz, an old Portuguese aristocrat and chief of the hunters of the Portuguese colony, is betrothed to Don Álvaro, a Portuguese adventurer, to whom the hunters have promised an Aimoré Indian girl.
		However, Cecília has fallen in love with the Indian Peri, leader of the Guaranis, who, in his turn, is in love with her, deciding to support the hunters in their fight against the Aimorés.
	www.bn.br /fbn/musica/ecgguar.htm (307 words)

	foei cyberaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ava Guarani community has faced several violent relocations over the past thirty five years, the most repressive one occurred on September 16, 2003, shortly after their latest attempt to re-occupy the 5000 hectare piece of last remaining native forest, called "La Loma".
		Dear Diario Clarín, Dear Diario La Nación, I support the Ava Guarani's demands for full recognition of their ancestral territory and demand that your news organization fulfills its responsibilities and reports this struggle in an open and fair way.
		On 16th September 2003, the Ava Guarani communities of Hipolito Yrigoyen locality, in Argentina´s Salta Province, the El Tabacal and Avá Guarani, were brutally displaced from their ancestral territory, known as ¨La Loma¨.
	www.foei.org /cyberaction/ava.php (689 words)

	The history of the Guarani
		Since 1975, the Tupinikim and Guarani Indians of Aracruz, Espirito Santo State, have fought for their traditional lands given back by the Portuguese Crown and subsequently guaranteed in writing.
		On the 18th of March 1998 the Brazilian Government unleashed a military operation to put an end to the struggle of the Tupinikim and Guarani Indians for the demarcation of their lands and to oblige them to accept the impositions of the multinational Aracruz Celulose.
		A federal judge sets a deadline of 20 days for Funai to find a peaceful solution for the situation of Guarani families that, on July 10, reoccupied 49 hectares of the Guarani area that were invaded by a farmer in Saudades, western part of the state of Santa Catarina.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/41/index-mi.html (498 words)

	Guarani
		Guarani is one of the two main languages spoken in Paraguay.
		To me, Guarani sounds nothing like Spanish, however there are some words that are the same in both.
		The word for cow, vaca, is the same except for a slight sound difference.
	drake.marin.k12.ca.us /students/goslinerh/pages/guarnipage.html (55 words)

	"the People's Paths home page!" NAIIP News Path - Guarani Indians Face Eviction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The judgment comes after the Guarani successfully reoccupied their ancestral lands, from which they were evicted two decades or more ago.
		With a population of 25,000, the Guarani Indians are Brazil's largest indigenous people, however, social problems caused by lack of land has driven many Guarani to alcoholism and suicide.
		Although work on identifying Guarani lands began in December, there are few signs of progress.
	www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net /News99/NAJ990120b.htm (418 words)

	Brazalian Guarani Initiative
		In April of this year a number of Guarani tribal members and Roxanne Swentzell (Santa Clara Pueblo) participated in the historic process of Guarani pottery revitalization.
		Fortunate were the Guarani with whom she willingly shared her enthusiasm.
		Afortunados foram os Guarani com quem ela compartilhou seu entusiasmo.
	www.poehcenter.com /center/poeh-news/guarani/guarani.html (595 words)

	Guarani - Ethnos - Books about the Guarani People
		The Guarani are primarily a tribal people indigenous to Paraguay and some regions of Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia.
		The Guarani are part of a large cultural-linguistic (the tupí-guaraní) people native to a South-American civilization first encountered by the early Indo-Iberian settlers arriving in the region.
		The Grammar of Possession: Inalienability, Incorporation and Possessor Ascension in Guarani (Studies in Language Companion Series, Vol 33)
	www.almudo.com /ethnos/Guarani.htm (152 words)

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