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Topic: Guarani language

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	Guarani Renda > History > Brief history of the Guarani language
		The mestizos developed better in Guarani, since it was the mother tongue of his mother and of most of his relatives, and were using Spanish only in the protocolic acts with his spanish chiefs.
		The Guarani language, once exclusively oral, knew the writing with the help from the Spaniards, though logically it has been in a very inefficient way, since it tried to be represented, by means of the Spanish alphabet, sounds of the Guarani that this one did not possess: in this respect there were many differences.
		The Guarani was implanted as a factor of union and consolation.
	www.datamex.com.py /guarani/en/marandeko/brief_history.html (4244 words)

	Guaraní language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guaraní is, alongside Spanish, one of the official languages of Paraguay.
		The reason why Guarani subsisted with enough vigor to be officialized was that the Jesuits elected it as the language to preach Catholicism to the Indians.
		Guarani was the language of the autonomous Jesuit-governed.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Guarani_language (385 words)

	Post-Stroessner Language Planning in Paraguay (Paraguayan language policy: a sociolinguistic and post-colonial ...
		Jaffe frames her analysis of Corsican language politics in a larger discursive context, noting that language activists are constrained, in the process of defending their language and identity, by dominant discourses (Jaffe 1999: 32).
		Language may become part of a modernizing movement that engages in "the construction of a usable past (including a history of victimization, heroes, and enemy others), a national language, and the assertion of a cultural uniqueness which has been suppressed" (King 1996: 20).
		In Paraguay, speakers of the dominant language have learned Guaraní out of shame at not knowing the subordinate one, and the speakers of the subordinate language who become literate in the superordinate one are ashamed not to be able to do the same in their mother tongue.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~sngynan/f99paper.html (4438 words)

	Guarani
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		Guaraní (Avañe'ê), a language that belongs to the Tupi-Guaraní family of South America, is spoken by over 90% of Paraguay's population and by nearly one million Paraguayan emigrants and their descendants in Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil.
		Guarani is a highly agglutinative language, i.e., it adds various suffixes and prefixes to build words and to mark grammatical relations.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/december2005/guarani.html (572 words)

	[No title]
		Language and speech clinicians, while not able to learn every variance of every language, can use the PCCA as a starting point for aiding clients whose dialects are not familiar to them.
		Since they were forced to give up their traditional African language, they had to adopt a "pidginized variety of European tongue." The children born of these slaves learned the new language of the parents and so it was passed on from generation to generation.
		The Jesuits started to use the Guarani with the Indians a majority of the time that at the time of their expulsion in the eighteenth century, nine thousand volumes were found in nineteen of the missions in Guarani.
	www.uwm.edu /People/jwirth/Disk4/language.txt (3265 words)

	Organització pel Multilingüisme
		Mercosur is presently building itself against the indigenous language of the Americas; in contrast to the European Union, which is built upon respect towards the different languages of its citizens.
		In addition, Guaraní is a language of integration and social cohesion; a language foreigners of different origins that have settled in Paraguay have historically learned and adopted as their own.
		Languages that are not used, respected, promoted and protected are languages that are doomed to die.
	www.om-plural.org /noticia.php?id=231 (2080 words)

	THE UNIFYING ASPECTS OF CULTURES / Conference 7.-9.11.2003 / Section: Standard Variations and Conceptions of Language ...
		Their attitudes reveal a diglossic situation of functional complementary distribution of the two languages, one which is being challenged by changes in language policy.
		Language identity and language use are revealed as separable, as are language attitudes.
		Language identity and linguistic self-esteem are important predictors of use and attitude.
	www.inst.at /kulturen/2003/06sprachen/sektion_muhr_gynan.htm (819 words)

	Guarani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Guarani was one of the most important tribal groups of South America, having the former home territory chiefly between the Uruguay and lower Paraguay Rivers, in what is now Paraguay and the Provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios of Argentina.
		The Guarani were also later described, amongst many other historical documents in existence today, in 1903, by Croatian explorers Mirko and Stjepan Seljan.
		Roland Joffe's 1986 film The Mission was about the Guarani and their role in a battle between the Jesuits and Portuguese Government over them.
	www.comicscomics.com /search.php?title=Guarani (2582 words)

	www.agp.org \| archivos de los protestos globales: Indigenas: Guarani
		Guarani was one of the most important tribal groups of South America, having the former home territory chiefly between the Uruguay and lower Paraguay Rivers, in what is now Paraguay and the Provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios of Argentina.
		Many works written by the fathers, and wholly or partly in the native language, were issued from the mission press in Loreto.
		Among the most important treatises upon the language are the "Tesoro de la Lengua Guaraní (Madrid, 1639), by Father Montoya, the heroic leader of the exodus, published in Paris and Leipzig in 1876; and the "Catecismo de la Lengua Guaraní" of Father Diego Díaz de la Guerra (Madrid, 1630).
	www.nadir.org /nadir/initiativ/agp/free/imf/indigenas/guarani.htm (2432 words)

	OHCHR: Guarani () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		While Spanish is the official language of the country, and spoken by the majority of the population, it is estimated that as many as 22 million people, or 70 percent of the population, speak Guarani (including all varieties) as wellI.
		Geographically speaking, the Guarani language, in its hegemonic period, before the Discovery, extended in the America from the Caribbean to the north, to the Amazon in the middle, and to the Rio de la Plata at the south.
		The Guarani language was spoken by various tribes which did not have well-defined geographic locations, owing to their nomadic conditions.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/gun.htm (1301 words)

	[No title]
		Guarani is the heart language of the people of Paraguay, South America.
		His desire was to teach Guarani-Jopara, the form of Guarani spoken by most Paraguayans in which Spanish words are mixed in with Guarani.
		In addition to focusing on the language as it is commonly spoken, the Guarani-Jopara Institute focuses on the specific language needs of missionaries.
	www.wgm.org /NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=2550&srcid=2821 (516 words)

	GUARANI MBYA :: Encyclopedia :: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil :: ISA
		The Guarani language is spoken by different indigenous groups/peoples (of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolívia) given and, in Paraguay, it is the official language along with Spanish.
		The Mbya Guarani keep their language alive and in full use, with oral transmission being the most effective system in the education of the children, in the spreading of knowledge and in communication within and among villages, language being the strongest element of their identity.
		Writing in the Guarani language has been introduced in Mbya villages with greater emphasis after 1997, due to the implantation of bilingual schools, the creation of the NEIs – Nuclei for Indigenous Education, connected to the State secretaries for Education and the Ministry of Education and Culture.
	www.socioambiental.org /pib/epienglish/guaranimbya/ling.shtm (537 words)

	Journal of Political Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Guaraní language, in contrast to threatened native languages, is spoken along with Spanish by about 90 percent of the inhabitants of Paraguay, most of whom, it seems, do not consider themselves to be "Indians" (índios), but rather Paraguayans more generally.
		Whereas a language may exist apart from the culture with which its origins are associated, Richard Reed s new book makes a case for persistence of some native Guaraní cultural traits in a study of Chiripá communities in eastern Paraguay s Mbaracayú region.
		This language is fundamentally different from- though related to- the language of the neighboring Aché; (or Guayaki), at one time a hunting-and-gathering people.
	dizzy.library.arizona.edu /ej/jpe/volume_4/baleevol4.htm (2059 words)

	Guarani Language Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Still spoken by 94% of the population in Paraguay and the nearly one million Paraguayan emigrants and their descendants residing in Buenos Aires, as well as by indigenous people and their neighbours in northern Argentina, Bolivia and southwestern Brazil.
		It is the only indigenous language of the Americas that is also spoken by non-indigenous people.
		Guarani persisted with enough vigor to be made official because the Jesuits elected it as the language to preach Catholicism to the Indians (Guarani was the language of the autonomous Jesuit-governed Reducciones) and because Paraguay's dictators for a time shut the country's borders and thereby protected the local culture and language.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Guarani_language (1097 words)

	Guarani language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Guaraní is an Amerind language spoken by about 4.6 million people in Paraguay.
		Guaraní is one of the offical languages of Paraguay, along with Spanish, and started to appear in writing in the form of religious texts during the 18th century.
		The Guaraní alphabet shown below was introduced after a Guaraní language congress in Montevideo, Uruguay.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/guarani.htm (204 words)

	Tupi-Guarani - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		It is itself a branch of the Andean-Equatorial family of languages.
		Tupi-Guarani (pronunciation (help · info)) is the name of the most important subfamily of the Tupi languages of South America.
		Tupi-Guarani languages: one of the most widespread groups of South American Indian languages (after Arawakan).
	encarta.msn.com /Tupi-Guarani.html (199 words)

	On Definition of Urban Language
		The proposal of this paper is to discuss what an urban language is, based on the analysis of the situation of Guarani in Paraguay, the official language of this country, together with Spanish, since 1992.
		This question is dealt with by means of geographical criteria (language spoken predominately in the rural areas or in towns) of “content” (language linked to rural or town themes) and by public/private distinction.
		In the first place, historical documents, which describe Guarani as a language of the absolute majority, though also of “rural areas and homes” and associated to “vulgar and trivial use”, will be presented.
	www.uni-bayreuth.de /departments/arabistik/sfb/guarani.htm (324 words)

	Guarani Renda > History > Chronology
		The Tupis are migrating towards the north and east, whereas the Guarani ones to the west and southwest.
		The Guaranis, meanwhile, is expanding for the River Plate basin.
		Uprising headed by the chief Overa, who with the eloquence of his language, organizes a great movement that allows to the Guaranis to restore their customs (dances, rituals, etc.), that were prohibited by the Spaniards.
	www.datamex.com.py /guarani/en/marandeko/chronology.html (2635 words)

	Guarani language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Guaraní is, alongside Spanish, one of the official languages ofParaguay.
		Speakers of Guaraní who are not fluent in any other language have markedly limited opportunities for education and employment.There are very, very few speakers of Guaraní outside of South America.
		Guarani was the language of the autonomousJesuit-governed Reducciones.
	www.therfcc.org /guarani-language-83296.html (253 words)

	Guaraní: The Language and People
		The language of Guaraní, a language once spoken throughout most of the southern half of the new world by native Americans, now occupies a seat next to Spanish as one of the official languages of Paraguay.
		The Guaraní language is part of the Tupí-Guaraní language family, a family that includes many of the indigenous languages south of the Amazon.
		In 1992 another milestone was reached in the history of the Guaraní language when it was recognized by the Paraguayan government as one of two official languages of the nation.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling450ch/reports/Guarani1.html (1424 words)

	[No title]
		Society-GUARANI At the time of the first European contacts in the early sixteenth century, the Guarani occupied vast areas of southern Brazil, the neighboring territories of Uruguay and Argentina, and land lying to the east of the Paraguay River in the modern state of Paraguay.
		The missionized Indians became known as Guarani, while those who avoided conversion became known as Cayua or Caingua, a name which roughly translates as "men of the forest." The Cayua are also speakers of the Guarani language.
		In the sense that Guarani signifies a vaguely-defined group of acculturated Indians (including Mestizos), the entire rural population of Paraguay is often referred to as Guarani (Metraux 1948: 69).
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7843 (1066 words)

	Guarani -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		These languages were used by the first European traders and missionaries as contact languages in their dealings with the Indians.
		Until 1992 Spanish was the official language, although Guaraní was spoken by nearly 90 percent of the population.
		The Indian language, Guaraní, continues to be spoken by the majority of Paraguayans, and bilingualism in Spanish and Guaraní is the norm.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9038310?tocId=9038310 (667 words)

	Tupi - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Guaraní, indigenous South American language of the Tupí-Guaraní language family.
		The Tupi language family, a group of languages spoken in South America.
		The Tupi-Guarani subgroup of the Tupi language family.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Tupi.html (201 words)

	Facts about the Guarani language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nevertheless, we can say that is was born among the Guarani people who, according to one theory, came from Polynesia, or more exactly, from Australian and Mongoloid contingents which, after entering America through the Bering strait, seated themselves in these lands.
		As to the origin of the word "Guarani", etymologically it is derived from the word "Guarini;" which means "frontal war", and by extension, "warrior".
		The Guarani language, in its hegemonic period, before the Discovery, extended in the America from the Caribbean to the north, to the Amazon in the middle, and to the Rio de la Plata at the south.
	www.terere.com /terere/canales/paraguay4u/guaranilanguage/guaranifactsabout.php (334 words)

	hypo generating plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Low SES Paraguayans tend to be monolingual Guarani speakers, especially in the isolated rural areas, whereas high SES tend to be monolingual Spanish speakers, especially in the capital city of Asuncion.
		Instead of having Guarani taught in whichever Secondary School classroom that happened to be available during a given period, the PE weight room became converted to a classroom for the exclusive purpose of teaching Guarani in grades 6-9.
		She holds a credential from Paraguay's Ministry of Education for teaching the Guarani language, and she is currently pursing a B.A. in Bilingual Education.
	www.bamaed.ua.edu /~sspezzin/GEn.htm (2912 words)

	Che article - Che Argentina Uruguay Bolivia Latin American Guarani language Pampa - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Che is a slang expression used commonly in Argentina, Uruguay, and some parts of Bolivia, meant generally to call someone's attention.
		It is said that it may be derived from the native South American Guarani language's che, which means simply "I" or "my".
		In Tehuelche and Pampa languages che means "man" and in Mapuche language it means "people".
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Che (179 words)

	IDBAmerica: Paradise sculpted, carved and photographed
		The indigenous people of Paraguay, the Guarani, have emerged from the country’s turbulent history only as a shadow of their former selves.
		Despite the virtual disappearance of the Guaranis as a discrete ethnic group, being Paraguayan is practically synonymous with yerba mate, a traditional Guarani drink, eating mandioca (cassava), a Guarani staple food, and speaking the Guarani language.
		Linguists characterize Guarani as an onomatopoetic language, meaning that many of its sounds imitate the sounds of nature.
	www.iadb.org /idbamerica/index.cfm?thisid=3637 (516 words)

	Guarani Translation - Translate Guarani Language Translator
		Guaraní is an Amerindian language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily.
		It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by 94% of a population.
		This is an anomaly in the Americas where language shift towards more prestigious official languages (in this case Spanish) has otherwise been a nearly universal cultural and identity marker of mestizos (people of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry), and also of culturally assimilated, upwardly-mobile Amerindian people.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/guarani.shtml (525 words)

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