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Topic: Guardian Ethic

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	Tolerances versus preferences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The tolerances versus preferences dilemma emerges in many problems in ethics, particularly in politics and economics.
		Another is that of the Guardian Ethic and Trader Ethic by Jane Jacobs.
		There is some more controversial but difficult-to-refute evidence from cognitive science and from primatology that human females may have better intuition for tolerances, and human males may be more inclined to thinking in terms of preferences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tolerances_versus_preferences (637 words)

	The Observer \| Food monthly \| Play for today
		The play ethic is about having the confidence to be spontaneous, creative and empathetic across every area of you life - in relationships, in the community, in your cultural life, as well as paid employment.
		The work ethic was always about battering down our responses, regimenting out behaviour - all those Christian inhibitions that were drilled into the 18th and 19th century worker, so that he could divide himself (and his labours) for the better workings of industry.
		The work ethic was essentially mind control: industry had to find a way to exploit the worker's body - so it had to tether his or her mind with a whole weight of guilt, shame and status.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /life/story/0,6903,386013,00.html (4807 words)

	Corporate Profile
		Guardian Computer is a single source for all your computer services needs.
		Guardians personnel have been carefully selected for their intelligence, resourcefulness, attitude and work ethic.
		Guardian's staff of support specialists, on-site field engineers and certified consultants are highly skilled professionals.
	www.guardiancomputer.com /corporate_profile_2.html (371 words)

	Reason magazine -- June 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Guardian precepts strengthen the individual against fear and weakness--and against the temptation to misuse prowess or sell out allies.
		Unlike traders, guardians must adhere to strict discipline, rather than go off on their own creative impulses, lest they undermine their mission or destroy the society around them.
		Hence the steady stream of scandals, of guardian territory allegedly sold by commercial transaction: from small-time stuff in Arkansas to increasing indications that the Chinese government thought--perhaps correctly--that Clinton administration policy was for sale.
	reason.com /9706/ed.vip.shtml (1278 words)

	b.balchjan98/news.html
		Human beings were hence to be respected only to the extent that they measured up to a shifting standard of "quality" when weighed in the balance against the "burden" and cost their continued existence was seen as imposing on others, society, or themselves.
		It was not long after Roe that the new ethic began to claim the lives of vulnerable born people.
		Soon leading bioethicists were arguing that if a competent patient, or the guardian of an incompetent patient, wanted lifesaving treatment, food and fluids, that request should nevertheless be denied if the patient's quality of life was too poor or the cost or burden to society was too great.
	www.nrlc.org /news/1998/NRL1.98/balch.html (1371 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Guardian daily comment \| Geoff Mulgan: The media's lies poison our system
		Much more problematic, however, is the lack of a strong ethic of searching for the truth in much of the media (with honourable exceptions, including the BBC and a few other newspapers and magazines).
		With a strong ethic of truth-telling in the media, scepticism of this kind would reinforce all that is good in the system of governance.
		This ethical deficit at the core of the information society may be compounded by the increased volume of commercial communication, which, like political communication, indirectly promotes the idea that there are no truths, only strategies and claims (a view which has indirectly had such a huge influence on the academic study of communication).
	www.guardian.co.uk /comment/story/0,3604,1211423,00.html (859 words)

	Resumewiki \| Systems of Survival : A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics (Vintage) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Guardians issue commands and expect them obeyed, with courage if necessary, which they in turn are subject to themselves, for a hierarchical command structure is honored.
		She did concede that guardian institutions of police, military and courts were a necessary evil, however, to be closely monitored (by the commercial class).
		This viewpoint probably originated with the dominant, communist, guardian ethic in the violent, disorganized and impoverished Russia that she escaped as a young woman, after the communists confiscated (a 'taking' guardian action) the family business.
	www.resumewiki.com /jobs_books/isbn0679748164.html (1144 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Review \| Slow down, tune out, make peace
		Their preoccupation, freely expressed in a typical western society, is how to live well free from the injunctions of the state, church or social compulsions - more appealing that we might guess to populations in thrall to the unrelenting rhythms of religion.
		Of the three invocations to live differently, Kane's is the most arresting, with its appeal to celebration of a play ethic; Hodgkinson and Honore are treading well-worn paths in their appeal to be idle and slow respectively, although they do it well.
		For Kane the point of life is not to work and be a worker; it is to play and be a player - and thus be both a better worker and solve that happiness riddle alike.
	books.guardian.co.uk /review/story/0,12084,1300972,00.html (2094 words)

	Anxiety Culture: The Puritan Work Ethic
		Whatever its correlation with material wealth, hard work is undoubtedly seen as virtuous – the greatest tribute paid to the deceased seems to be “worked hard all his/her life”, although this epitaph sounds more appropriate for an item of machinery than a human being.
		For example, a major UK survey (quoted recently by The Guardian) showed that 6 out of 10 British workers dislike their jobs, suffer insecurity and stress, fret over inadequate income, feel that their work isn’t of use to society, and find themselves exhausted by the time they get home.
		The hard work ethic has also conditioned us to see happiness as something that must be earned through toil.
	www.anxietyculture.com /puritan.htm (1145 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Newsblog \| US elections \| Archives
		Today's Guardian leads on a BBC commissioned poll that finds 58% of people across 21 countries expect Mr Bush to have a negative impact on world events.
		In the interests of disclosure, I should also state that Moulitsas was a Guardian Unlimited columnist in the latter stages of the US election campaign.
		Instapundit's Glenn Reynolds (who was also a Guardian Unlimited columnist) takes emails from Moulitsas as he sets out his version of events and then opens up his comment board to see what his readers have to say about the ethics of it all.
	blogs.guardian.co.uk /news/archives/cat_us_elections.html (3236 words)

	Capitalism - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He described his own preferred economic system as "the system of natural liberty." However, Smith defined capital as a stock, and just expecation to revenue from improvements to that stock as profit, and made capital improvement the central goal of the economic and political system.
		By the early 20th century the term had become wide spread, as evidenced by Max Weber's use of the term in his The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in 1904, and Werner Sombart's 1906 Modern Capitalism.
		The OED cites the use of the term "private Capitalism" by Karl Daniel Adolf Douai, German-American Socialist and Abolitionist in the late 19th century, in an 1877 work entitled "Better Times", and a citation by an unknown author in 1884 in the pages of Pall Mall magazine.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Capitalism (7018 words)

	BuzzMachine » Blog Archive » In Media Guardian
		I’m delighted and honored to be there because I’ve long admired the Guardian’s media section and because I think the Guardian is the best-written newspaper in the world (in English, at least).
		The “Guardian” is a unique paper in its ownership structure - a trust rather than a megalomaniac or shareholders - and its web site is one of the best new sites in the world.
		Your expressed opinion that the Guardian is the best-written paper in the English publishing world indicates a profound ignorance of the reality of that publication (or of English), so perhaps you are indeed unaware of “sassygate”.
	www.buzzmachine.com /index.php/2005/09/12/in-media-guardian (1018 words)

	Play Journal: Play Ethic review in Guardian, FT
		His review in the Guardian Review puts the Play Ethic in context with a slew of other anti- and counter-work ethic books out at the moment, like Hodgkinson's How to Be Idle, Carl Honore's In Praise of Slow - and happily, Hutton thinks mine is the "most arresting, fresh and insightful".
		But I'm most intrigued by the point he develops from the closing chapters of the Play Ethic, about how these post-work values might be a way to increase the global peace, by projecting an image of a less punitive, more embracing West (what Joseph Nye calls 'soft power').
		In Kane's view this play ethic could become "the conceptual bridge that links the needs of organisations to function and develop in a market democracy with the needs of individuals to make their labour as unalienated as possible".
	theplayethic.typepad.com /play_journal/2004/09/play_ethic_revi.html (1845 words)

	Money \| "I am in favour of the 'modern' work ethic..."
		I recently suffered a problem the other way round in fact, when the company execs try to instil their own PERSONAL values and old school working ethics onto you, irrespective of your work, something I've seen more and more in different companies.
		So while I've been educated and brought up in the "modern work ethic", I now find that in reality the "receive a paycheque" theory still exists.
		It's not that I'm sad and have no life outside of work, it's just that this is the work ethic I've been brought up in and it's what I'm used to.
	money.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4679327-111346,00.html (1055 words)

	Systems of Survival : A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics (Vintage) Large View - Interactive ...
		To some extent this dominant guardian syndrome lingers in monarchical England to the present day, however the country is being forced into prizing a more commercial morality by an European Union led by successful, commercial-syndrome-dominated republics France and Germany.
		The commercial ethic, by the appears of it, has still not been reestablished in the new Russia, which explains its lack of real economic success in the modern world.
		Instead of eliminating the guardian systems, as Ayn Rand seemed to advocate, we simply have to make sure that the guardian class is modest in size, no larger than necessary, and that the 2 systems of ethics are never allowed to mix.
	www.interactivereviews.com /large/0679748164 (957 words)

	Station Information - Feminist economics
		Measures such as employment equity were implemented in developed nations in the 1970s to 1990s, but these were not entirely successful in removing wage gaps even in nations with strong equity traditions.
		Jane Jacobs' thesis of the "Guardian Ethic" and its contrast to the "Trader Ethic" was also influential in explaining in ethical terms why a trading culture would systematically undervalue guardianship activity, including the child-protecting, nurturing, and healing tasks that were traditionally assigned to women.
		This led to the more general idea of systems as expressing either tolerances or preferences, and never being very good at both.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/feminist_economics.html (265 words)

	School District #116 - Attendance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the Illinois School Code, a "truant" is a child subject to compulsory school attendance who is absent without valid cause from such attendance for a school day or portion of a school day.
		Parents/ Guardians of students in grades 7-12 must call school within 24 hours to report the absence.
		Notes will be accepted for those students whose household do not have telephones and must be presented within one hour of the start of the school day on the morning the student returns to school, or the absence will be unexcused.
	www.rlas-116.org /info/attendance.shtml (1944 words)

	Play Journal
		The Protestant work ethic says that you have to work all week long before you can have fun on the weekend; fun is a reward for being good.
		A busy few months ahead for the Play Ethic - our mass paperback version of the book (with new cover, to the left) will be out on September 30th in the UK (buyable here on Amazon.co.uk).
		Well, they get that right: the play ethic is, on one level, an attempt to help us cope with our increasing ability to control and 'play with' the fundamentals of our lives - social, material, technological and biological - by developing an ethic for these burgeoning powers.
	theplayethic.typepad.com (6213 words)

	Summa Theologica
		Hence the definition of justice mentions first the "will," in order to show that the act of justice must be voluntary; and mention is made afterwards of its "constancy" and "perpetuity" in order to indicate the firmness of the act.
		Again the act of rendering his due to each man cannot proceed from the sensitive appetite, because sensitive apprehension does not go so far as to be able to consider the relation of one thing to another; but this is proper to the reason.
		Reply to Objection 2: The will is borne towards its object consequently on the apprehension of reason: wherefore, since the reason directs one thing in relation to another, the will can will one thing in relation to another, and this belongs to justice.
	www.godrules.net /library/summa/SS058.htm (6343 words)

	Gatekeepers and Transition
		Guardian morality is predicated on placing the welfare of third parties over and above self-interest, whereas commercial morality depends on self-interested behavior in the market place.
		She asserts that guardian morality is appropriate in those social and economic functions effectively organized as monopolies.
		For example, government and military institutions, public utilities, and public universities should practice a guardian morality because of their special functions in society.
	www.nysscpa.org /cpajournal/2003/0903/dept/p80.htm (874 words)

	Conceptual metaphor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Two basic views of political economy arise from the desire to see the nation-state act 'more like a father' or 'more like a mother'.
		The urban theorist and ethicist Jane Jacobs made this distinction in less gender-driven terms by differentiating between a 'Guardian Ethic' and a 'Trader Ethic'.
		Guarding and trading being two concrete activities that a human being tended to learn to apply metaphorically to all choices in later life.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conceptual_metaphor (1334 words)

	IDA Campaigns, ''They are not our property, we are not their owners"
		To transform their social and moral status from property to living beings with their own needs and interests initially requires language changes from "owner" to guardian, "pet" to friend, "it" to he/she, "that" to a given name and other similar substitutions.
		To promote the new language and the ethic underlying it, our campaign is committed to a nationwide effort to reach the hearts and minds of the public, with the help and support of animal organizations everywhere.
		Rather than refer to ourselves or others as "owners" of animals we share our lives with, we now refer to ourselves and others as "guardians" of our animal friends and to animals as "he" or "she" rather than "it." Guardians do not buy or sell animals; instead they rescue and adopt.
	www.idausa.org /campaigns/oldguardian/guardian.html (565 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Technology \| Technology \| Second sight
		As I observed the fuss generated by its launch in Helsinki last week - TV shows, newspaper editorials, high-level seminars - I was stunned by the general willingness to embrace the ideas.
		But there is no doubt that the Hacker Ethic is the Finnish ethic too.
		But as long as the Protestant work ethic dominates government thinking, targeting resources to shape a nation of dutiful workers instead of a nation of unruly players and creators, that's an unlikely scenario.
	technology.guardian.co.uk /online/story/0,3605,464604,00.html (951 words)

	IDA News Release
		IDA is an international, California-based animal advocacy organization dedicated to ending the abuse and exploitation of animals by defending their rights, welfare and habitats.
		However, by codifying the concept of animal guardianship, the City Council is recognizing that companion animals should be included in our social ethic for reasons beyond their monetary worth as commodities.
		Boulder is truly on the cutting edge in terms of evolving our social ethic to include all beings, both human and non-human alike.
	www.idausa.org /news/newsarchives/news_boulder.html (475 words)

	Politics \| Specialist plan to help GPs end sick note ethic
		Family doctors may be asked to accept specialists being present at their surgeries to advise them on signing sick notes for the public, David Blunkett said yesterday.
		He also believes that reforming incapacity benefits, which cost the government £12bn a year, is necessary to get some of the 2.6million recipients of the money back into employment.
		He told the Guardian that many parts of Britain had "lost the work ethic that existed in working-class estates in which I grew up in northern Sheffield".
	politics.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5260074-110251,00.html (641 words)

	SocietyGuardian.co.uk \| Society \| Dobson incites hospitals revolt
		It says converting the NHS into an organisation based on competition between hospitals is almost as ridiculous as trying to convert the armed forces to pacifism.
		"If the public service ethic was good enough to keep the NHS afloat during the hard times under the Tories, it should be given the opportunity to flourish now that a Labour government is finding the extra money, staff and beds," he said.
		The government is already preparing to resist hostile motions on foundation hospitals at the TUC and Labour party conferences.
	society.guardian.co.uk /nhsplan/story/0,7991,1037332,00.html (574 words)

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