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Topic: Guatemalan Republican Front

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	NDI - National Democratic Institute
		Guatemalans also fear resurgence in partisan violence and intimidation, and are concerned about the influence of illicit funds in campaigns.
		By supporting Guatemalan groups in their efforts to mobilize citizens to promote accountability, efficiency, non-violence and transparency during the campaign period and on election day, the groups built confidence in the electoral process.
		Coup attempts in 1988 and 1989 coupled with increased violence around the country prompted NDI to observe the 1990 elections and monitor the effects of political violence during the campaign.
	www.ndi.org /worldwide/lac/guatemala/guatemala.asp (980 words)

	1999, Feb. 25. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		In a report independent of Bishop Gerardi's investigations, a Guatemalan truth commission attributed over 93 percent of the nation's civil rights abuses to the army and only 3 percent to paramilitary groups such as the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union.
		The right-wing Guatemalan Republican Front won a majority in the nation's congressional elections.
		Alfonso Portillo Cabrera won the presidential election for the Guatemalan Republican Front and took office in January 2000.
	www.bartleby.com /67/3660.html (174 words)

	Guatemalan election, 2003 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Voters went to the polls to elect a new President (and Vice-President), a new legislature (deputies for the unicameral Congreso de la República), municipal governments, and Guatemala's deputies to the Central American Parliament.
		The ruling Republican Front of Guatemala (FRG) nominated former military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt to succeed outgoing president Alfonso Portillo Cabrera.
		A constitutional ban on former coup leaders (Ríos Montt during 1982-83) led to strong conflict inside the country, including the besiegement of Guatemala for a day: 24 July 2003, known as jueves negro ("Black Thursday").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guatemalan_election,_2003 (269 words)

	Scoop: Efrain Rios Montt's Bid for Guatemalan Presidency
		Educated in counter-communist tactics at the infamous U.S.-funded “School of the Americas,” one of Montt’s first acts as Guatemalan president was to declare a state of siege in response to the escalation of counter-government violence on the part of leftist, predominately highland Mayan guerillas, who represented one contesting faction of Guatemala’s seemingly endless civil war.
		Guatemalan citizens living under Montt’s regime began to speak of “Guatemala’s Pinochet” as the agent responsible for the wave of abuses committed by the notorious Guatemalan Presidential Security Guard (EMP), supposedly an intelligence unit.
		The right-wing Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) party, established by Rios Montt as part of an effort to rehabilitate his standing on the national political scene, gained control of the Guatemalan presidency in 1999 with the victory of Alfonso Portillo Cabrera over Oscar Berger of the National Advancement Party (PAN).
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0307/S00251.htm (2238 words)

	IFEX :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Guatemalan President Alphonso Portillo had promised payments of US$680 each to some 500,000 former PACs members who were recruited by the military to fight leftist rebels, notes RSF.
		"Guatemalan journalists work in a climate of hostility where they are targets of intimidation by corrupt politicians, drug traffickers, organised criminals and clandestine groups," the group says.
		Meanwhile, APG and other press freedom groups are urging Guatemalan authorities to extend an invitation to the OAS Rapporteur on Free Expression, who has requested a visit to the country in order to examine the state of free expression there.
	www.ifex.org /en/content/view/full/54552 (579 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Guatemala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the 1996 elections Alvaro Arzu defeated Alfonso Portillo, candidate of the hard-right Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG).
		The Guatemalan president, however, faces considerable constraints from both the military apparatus and the legislative branch of government.
		While many analysts view Portillo, a former leftist, as simply a populist front man for Montt and his conservative policy agenda, the relationship between Montt and Portillo is a complicated one.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Gua1.htm (1364 words)

	Guatemala's Former Dictator "Unfit" Candidate for President (Human Rights Watch Press release, New York, July 15, 2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ríos Montt made two attempts to run for president in the 1990s but his candidacy was barred by a provision of the 1985 Constitution that prohibited people who had participated in military coups from becoming president.
		But the Constitutional Court, the Guatemalan judiciary's highest authority, ruled yesterday that the constitutional prohibition did not apply.
		Ríos Montt is currently the President of Congress and the head of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), the political party of the current president, Alfonso Portillo.
	www.hrw.org /press/2003/07/guatemala071503.htm (361 words)

	PAN leads, Guatemalan polls show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For the first time in Guatemala's 35-year civil war, Marxist rebels have backed a return to the ballot box, the left is fielding a handful of candidates, and parties are appealing for the vote of the majority Indian population.
		A poll by Guatemalan think tank Asies this week showed Arzu garnering around 47 percent of the vote, while the populist Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) party led by lawyer Alfonso Portillo trailed in second place with 16 percent.
		During his 17-month rule criminals were routinely executed by firing squads in Guatemala City's main cemetery.Angel Pereda of the National Advancement Party moves a large photo of the party's presidential candidate, Alvaro Arzu, at PAN headquarters Friday in Guatemala City.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/95/11/11/guatemala.html (364 words)

	Guatemala Election Refutes the Rigoberta Left (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the presidential race, lawyer Alfonso Portillo, representing the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), received 48 percent of the vote, well ahead of the ruling party's candidate, who obtained only 30 percent, and of the candidate of the former Marxist guerrillas, who received 12 percent.
		The first is their suspiciously uniform and uncritical acceptance of the version of Guatemalan history purveyed by the Guatemalan Left, Western academics, and the human-rights community.
		These are the indisputable facts: As Guatemalan Army chief of staff at the end of the 1960s, Efra¡n Rios Montt led a highly effective counterinsurgency campaign that virtually ended Castroite rural guerrilla activities and urban terrorism.
	www.frontpagemag.com /articles/Printable.asp?ID=3361 (1104 words)

	In These Times \| Killer Candidate
		For months, Rios Montt and supporters in his Frente Republicano Guatemalteco (Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG) appealed to the country’s confusing and overlapping jurisdictional court system to allow his candidacy, arguing that the constitutional clause is not retroactive and therefore does not apply to coup leaders who took power before it was enacted.
		A Guatemalan journalist died of a heart attack while being chased through the streets, and a Reuters photographer was beaten along the same route.
		Subsequently, the Guatemalan press has reported that government resources were used in the demonstrations, and numerous FRG functionaries and members of Congress were implicated in helping to organize the demonstrations, including Montt’s niece, an FRG deputy in Congress.
	inthesetimes.com /comments.php?id=411_0_2_0_C (1060 words)

	Guatemala (08/07)
		Protestantism and traditional Mayan religions are practiced by an estimated 40% and 1% of the population, respectively.
		Rios Montt survived to found a political party (the Guatemalan Republic Front) and to be elected President of Congress in 1995 and 2000.
		The "autogolpe" (or self-initiated coup) failed due to unified, strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, international pressure, and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Court of Constitutionality, which ruled against the attempted takeover.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2045.htm (4557 words)

	Guatemalan Presidential Candidate Visits LV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Guatemalan economy relies so heavily on money from immigrants living in the United States that presidential candidates from the small Central American country are stumping abroad.
		He also said he would work to establish a mechanism for Guatemalan nationals in the United States to access pensions and other benefits they might have earned before leaving their country.
		Colom said Guatemalans in the United States send their relatives about $1.2 billion a year, while coffee exports generate about $900 million annually.
	www.gamblingmagazine.com /ManageArticle.asp?C=220&A=1311 (352 words)

	Guatemala 2000: Country Report
		Perhaps the biggest story of the year was the August revelation that Guatemalan legislators had secretly conspired to reduce a new tax on alcoholic beverages.
		Many were surprised when President Alfonso Portillo Cabrera, a member of the rightist Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) and a close ally of General Ríos Montt, professed a strong commitment to human rights.
		Beyond threats and violence, Guatemalan journalists allege that the concentration of media ownership has thwarted the development of independent broadcast journalism in the country.
	www.cpj.org /attacks00/americas00/Guatemala.html (884 words)

	History of Guatemala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Despite most Guatemalans' attachment to the original ideals of the 1944 uprising, some private sector leaders and the military viewed Arbenz's policies as a menace.
		Controlled by the anti-corruption parties--the populist Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) headed by ex-Gen. Efrain Rios Montt, and the center-right National Advancement Party (PAN)--the new Congress began to move away from the corruption that characterized its predecessors.
		Faced with a high crime rate and a serious and worsening public corruption problem, often violent harassment and intimidation by unknown assailants of human rights activists, judicial workers, journalists, and witnesses in human rights trials, the government began serious attempts in 2001 to open a national dialogue to discuss the considerable challenges facing the country.
	www.historyofnations.net /northamerica/guatemala.html (2470 words)

	The Guatemalan Elections, by Matthew Kraft
		Lines began to form outside of voting stations well before 6:00 AM, as Guatemalans waited for hours to cast their vote in what was to be a day of unprecedented levels of civic participation.
		On July 14, 2003 the Guatemalan Constitutional Court overturned the rulings of the Supreme Elections Tribunal and the Supreme Court to recognize Ríos Montt’s candidacy in a four to three ruling.
		The long-term future of Guatemalan economic policy will be largely determined by the new administration’s stance in the final negotiation rounds of the Central American Free Trade Agreement and the loan restructuring negotiations with the International Monetary Fund.
	zmagsite.zmag.org /Feb2004/kraft0204.html (2279 words)

	CNN - Guatemalans go to polls amid uncertainty - November 7, 1999
		GUATEMALA CITY, Guatemala (CNN) -- Guatemalans are going to the polls Sunday to elect a president, their first opportunity to elect a leader since the country's civil war ended in 1996.
		Polls published this week showed Portillo of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) with more than 43 percent of the vote and 12 percent ahead of Berger, the candidate for the ruling National Advancement Party (PAN).
		Some 4.5 million Guatemalans are eligible to vote in the country's fourth free elections since the return of civilian governments in 1986.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/americas/9911/07/guatemala.elections.01/index.html (574 words)

	IWMF Wire Newsletter, October IWMFWire: Press Freedom in Guatemala
		Since January, there have been 60 attacks or threats against Guatemalan journalists and media organizations who report on the corrupt practices of the country’s government officials and the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), its ruling party, according to Journalists Against Corruption, a regional project of El Salvador-based PROBIDAD, a non-profit anti-corruption and free press organization.
		Guatemalan President Alfonso Portillo has complained about media investigations into several scandals in which he was involved, and conservative Guatemalans have turned against the media, incited by media owners who use their broadcast channels and newspapers to verbally attack journalists who report on corruption, according to reports by Paris-based Reporters Sans Frontieres.
		On July 24, at a demonstration of conservatives demanding that former military dictator General Efrain Rios Montt be allowed to run in the upcoming November 9 elections, protesters beat several journalists with clubs, and doused others with gasoline and threatened to set them on fire.
	www.iwmf.org /ewire/7755/7756/ch-7763 (763 words)

	Bienvenido al Centro por la Justicia y el Derecho Internacional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		His candidacy was previously barred by Article 186 of the Guatemalan Constitution, which prohibits anyone who has participated in a coup from running for presidential office.
		The participation of substitute judges who are aligned with the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), the conservative political party of which Ríos Montt is president, was denounced in academic and social circles even before the decision was handed down.
		The Guatemalan people were subjected to numerous and systematic human rights violations, including militarization of public administration, forced disappearances, massacres, and extrajudicial executions of peasants, indigenous people, and political opponents, among other atrocities.
	www.cejil.org /comunicados.cfm?id=410 (663 words)

	Guatemala
		Currently he is President of the Guatemalan Congress and Secretary General of the ultra-right wing government party Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG).
		While in power his first year over 15,000 Guatemalans were assassinated.
		In these uncertain times, over ten journalists have been the targets of attacks, as well as repeated threats by strangers attempting to intimidate them from investigating cases of corruption.
	www.change-links.org /ex-dictator11.htm (381 words)

	The GSN was a signatory to the following ad which appeared in Spanish in Prensa Libre
		We, Guatemalans living abroad, U.S. and Canadian citizens, Latin Americans, and members of the European Union, are deeply concerned by the rapidly deteriorating human rights situation and the climate of insecurity and criminal impunity prevailing in Guatemala.
		During the first seven months of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) administration, insufficient progress has been made by the Presidency and Congress to carry out needed changes based on the Peace Accords and the recommendations of the Commission of Historical Clarification (CEH) report.
		We are recommending that all future financial support to Guatemala should be conditioned on the Guatemalan government’s compliance with the Peace Accords, the recommendations of the CEH, and a real democratization of society in general.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/Anthro/GSN/gsn_was_a_signatory_to_the_follo.htm (627 words)

	Background Notes - Guatemala
		Despite most Guatemalans' attachment to the original ideals of the 1944 uprising, some private sector leaders and the military viewed Arbenz's policies as a menace.
		The "autogolpe" (or self-initiated coup) failed due to unified, strong protests by most elements of Guatemalan society, international pressure, and the army's enforcement of the decisions of the Court of Constitutionality, which ruled against the attempted takeover.
		Controlled by the anti-corruption parties--the populist Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) headed by ex-Gen. Efrain Rios Montt, and the center-right National Advancement Party (PAN)--the new Congress began to move away from the corruption that characterized its predecessors.
	www.satglobal.com /Guatemala.htm (5631 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Women die in polling day clash
		Two women were reportedly trampled to death yesterday and a political aide was shot and injured as Guatemalans voted in presidential elections after a campaign steeped in violence and tension.
		Mr Ríos Montt's message has been well received in this crime-ridden and poverty-stricken country, but his appeal is weakened by the fact that his political party, the Guatemalan Republican Front, has been in power for the last four years.
		One pre-election survey found that only 33% of Guatemalans believe that democracy is the most preferable form of government.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,1081500,00.html (319 words)

	Rios Montt, Running Despite Everything
		Guatemalans have reacted angrily to the court's ruling.
		In previous weeks, the TSE and the Supreme Court of Justice (CSJ) had rejected appeals by the Party of the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG) to enroll Rios Montt as its candidate.
		In front of the Constitutional Court building, groups of demonstrators- standing out among them, Nobel Peace Prize recipient Rigoberta Menchu- put up piñatas that symbolized the four judges who voted for the registration of Rios Montt.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Central_America/Rios_Montt_Running.html (1377 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2002: Americas: Guatemala
		The prosecution of soldiers implicated in the 1995 massacre in Xamán, department of Alta Verapaz, remained in its preliminary stages six years after the crime, and there were no advances in the prosecution, begun in 1994, of soldiers accused of perpetrating the 1982 massacre in Dos Erres, department of Petén.
		Francisco Arnoldo Aguilar, whose wife was the driver killed in the February attack, pressed for an official investigation and urged the creation of a citizens' group to combat impunity.
		In May, however, he was assassinated in front of his home in circumstances that, MINUGUA said, ruled out robbery as a motive.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k2/americas6.html (2517 words)

	The Maya Survivors vs Los Genocidios: Part Two
		In the last elections, the FRG claimed 15 of the 20 mayoral posts in El Quichè, the department where Antonio lives and where at the age of 14 he was required to enlist in the Civil Patrols.
		And if they, these authorities, do not want to do it, do not attempt to do it, nor even wish to try these criminals then what I would ask is that it would be good to extradite Ríos Montt so that he may be judged in another country.
		Because to me it would be proper that they be judged first – before the genocidios – because they are guilty, the Guatemalan authorities, of why these genocidios have not been tried, why they are not imprisoned.
	www.guerrillanews.com /articles/2918/nisgua.org/get_involved/action_alerts/action_alert_02.asp (2258 words)

	americas.org - Presidential Run-off Set (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alfonso Portillo of former dictator Efraín Ríos Montt’s Guatemalan Republican Front faces Alvaro Arzú of the center-right National Advancement Party (PAN).
		A new leftist party, the New Guatemala Democratic Front, won 7 percent of the vote and 5 parliamentary seats.
		The 46 percent voter turnout was higher than expected, but many indigenous people could not participate because they were harvesting coffee on plantations far from their villages.
	www.americas.org /item_12748 (153 words)

	Simon Helweg-Larsen: Remilitarization and the Guatemalan Elections
		Writing in 1999, Susanne Jonas labeled the peace-resisting elements of Guatemalan society "centaurs." The optimism of immediate post-war Guatemala had given way to widespread disillusionment by that time, and the centaurs of the economic elite and the military had been successful in hijacking implementation of the peace accords.
		Guatemalan society, however, is organizing against the return of Ríos Montt, either through support for Oscar Berger and the economic elite, or for the center-left Alvaro Colom and his center-right National Unity for Hope (UNE).
		The Guatemalan centaurs are soon to have their future decided, the beginning of their dusk or dawn.
	www.counterpunch.org /larsen11052003.html (1501 words)

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