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Topic: Guildford pub bombings

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Guildford pub bombings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Guildford pub bombings occurred on 5 October, 1974.
		A similar bomb to those used in Guildford, with the addition of shrapnel, was thrown into the Kings Arms pub in Woolwich on the 7th of November.
		The bombings were at the height of "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Guildford_pub_bombing (531 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		All pubs and two cinemas in the Surrey town have been shut down for fear of further attacks and police have sealed off the area.
		On 18 October 1989 the convictions of the so-called "Guildford Four" were declared a gross miscarriage of justice and quashed by the Court of Appeal.
		Three police officers were later charged with fabricating evidence in their investigation into the Guildford bombings, but the charges were dismissed.
	irelandsown.net /guildford.html (461 words)

	THE PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY
		Guildford pub bombing killed 19 and injured 182.
		Brighton hotel bombing: a bomb in the Grand Hotel killed 5 in a failed attempt to kill members of the British cabinet, including Margaret Thatcher, the Prime Minister.
		Bombing of a Remembrance Day parade killed 11 civilians (including nurse Marie Wilson, whose father Gordon Wilson went on to become a leading campaigner for an end to violence in Northern Ireland) and injured 63.
	irishrepublicanarmy.info /PIRA.html (1641 words)

	Guildford Four - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At their trial, the Guildford Four claimed they had been tortured by police until they had agreed to sign a false confession.
		After they were convicted of murder and received the mandatory sentence of life imprisonment, the judge expressed regret that the Four had not been charged with treason, which then still had a mandatory death penalty.
		During the trial of the Balcombe Street gang in February 1977, the four IRA men instructed their lawyers to 'draw attention to the fact that four totally innocent people were serving massive sentences' for three bombings in Woolwich and Guildford.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guildford_Four (745 words)

	Blair apologises to Guildford Four family \| Special Reports \| Guardian Unlimited Politics
		Gerry Conlon, who was jailed for the Guildford pub bombings of 1974, then released after 15 years having had his conviction quashed, outside parliament with his family.
		Relatives of Mr Conlon and his father, Guiseppe, have been seeking a public apology for the miscarriage of justice after a letter from the British government to the SDLP leader, Mark Durkan, privately acknowledged the wrong done to the family.
		In October 1989 the court of appeal quashed the sentences of the Guildford Four after doubts were raised about the police evidence.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /northernirelandassembly/story/0,9061,1408973,00.html (520 words)

	Guildford Four
		bombings were attributed to the Provisional IRA, although the group denied this two days later (they eventually conceded that they were responsible).
		Gerard Conlon, one of the Guildford Four, is reported to have settled with the government for a final payment of compensation in the region of £400,000 to £500,000.
		She fought to clear the names of the Guildford Four and the Birmingham Six before belief in their innocence became widespread and was particularly involved in the case of Giuseppe Conlon, father of Gerry Conlon of the Guildford Four.
	www.aoh61.com /history/miscarriage.htm (1918 words)

	What In the Name of the Father Teaches About False Confessions
		Three men and a woman were charged in December 1974 with the murders caused by the bombings and put in jail pending their trial.
		A fifth person interrogated about the Guildford bombings, Brian Anderson, later said he felt he was at his breaking point when his interrogator was called away to talk on the telephone.
		They don't agree on who planted which bombs, on who drove which cars, on where the explosives were stored, on where the bombs were made, on where they were primed.
	forejustice.org /wc/in_the_name_of_the_father_JD_v2_n4.htm (3194 words)

	S. J. Farthing. Justice.
		After the so-called 7-7 underground suicide bombings of 7th July 2005 there was a high state of tension in London, and the police were carrying out investigations.
		On the way home he called in a pub and somebody there called the police saying he had a gun in the bag.
		In 1975 six men were convicted of the Birmingham Pub Bombings in the previous year, known to have been the work of the IRA.
	www.angelfire.com /co/farthing/justice.html (1583 words)

	INNOCENT - Fighting miscarriages of justice
		After the incredulity and then the euphoria of release from jail, the four people who had served 15 years for the Guildford pub bombings in 1974 had to find a life.
		John Wadham, the director of Liberty, added: "The Guildford Four were the first people detained under the prevention of terrorism act and it is disappointing that this legislation remains in place, despite the peace process and the government's commitment in opposition not to renew it.
		Twenty-five years after four young people were wrongfully convicted of the Guildford pub bombings in 1974, Tony Blair has become the first person in authority to apologise for the miscarriage of justice.
	innocent.org.uk /cases/guildford4 (1896 words)

	Irish Prisoners Of War
		Arrested within hours of the Birmingham pub bombings in November 1974, five of the six were apprehended while on their way to Belfast for a Republican funeral, the sixth was detained in Birmingham the following night.
		At their trial, the confessions were ruled as admissible by the judge and these together with unsatisfactory circumstantial and forensic evidence, the latter obtained by tests which have since been discredited were sufficient, in the emotion laden atmosphere, to ensure that all six received life sentences.
		His subsequent "confession" and those of the other three defendants was not consistent with evidence from the police experts that the bombs placed in the Guildford pubs were of a highly sophisticated manufacture.
	www.irishrepublicanarmy.info /POWs.html (4985 words)

	Guildford in General - Destinations National Shopping at dooyoo.co.uk
		Guildford in General : The Ford of the Golden Flowers...
		I was born in Guildford 26 years ago and apart from stints in Leicester and London, I have lived in the area all my life - so hopefully I am reasonably qualified to write this.
		Guildford in General : Depends what you are looking for....
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /destinations-national/guildford-in-general (240 words)

	Guildford in General - Review - The Ford of the Golden Flowers...
		Guildford Grammar school was founded in 1509 and remains one of the top boys' schools in Surrey - Sky Sports Commentator Martin Tyler (who is also a Woking supporter!) is a famous old boy.
		Guildford has plenty of restaurants, from the identikit chains like Pizza Hut, TGI Fridays and the lovely Pizza Express to various different curry houses and Italian and Chinese restaurants (the Mandarin on Epsom Road is particularly recommended, but I've not been there).
		Guildford has a music festival every year and this summer, the town is housing some open-air drama as the Pranksters Theatre Company put on Terry Pratchett's Wyrd Sisters in the Castle Grounds.
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /destinations-national/guildford-in-general/381295 (1639 words)

	David Randolph Smith Legal Web Log (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Three young Irish men (Paul Hill, Gerry Conlon, Paddy Armstrong) and Armstrong's English girlfirend, Carole Richardson (the "Guildford Four") were accused of being in an "IRA terroist cell" and were convicted of the bombings in 1975 despite the absence of any witnesses or physical evidence.
		In 1977 an appeal was rejected because "scientific evidence" of the detonation devices used in the Guildford bombings showed a "pattern" consistent with guilt.
		In 1974, the Birmingham and Guildford pub bombings led to the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA).
	drslawfirm.com /lexscientia.darkpast.html (654 words)

	Images of Lawyering
		She discovers that the police knew at the time of his trial that his alibi for his whereabouts on the night of the Guildford bombing was a good one.
		The Guildford Four were tried and convicted in a trial separate from that of Anne and Patrick Maguire, their sons Vincent and Patrick, Guiseppe Conlon, Sean Smith (the Maguires' lodger), and Patrick O'Neill (a family friend who happened by on the night of the arrests).
		At the trial of the leader of the IRA unit that carried out the other bombings in London in the 1974-75 period (the so-called Balcombe Street gang), the defendants refused to plead to the indictment, claiming that it should also have included the Guildford bombings and decrying that innocents were wrongfully convicted.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /lpop/etext/usf/blum30.htm (5032 words)

	Reel Justice and Real Courtrooms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Shortly afterwards the IRA bombs two pubs in Guildford, England.
		During the sentencing of the "Guildford Four" to life imprisonment, the judge declares that it is unfortunate that Britain no longer has the death penalty.
		The Guilford Four were convicted in 1975 of two Guildford pub bombings based only on their coerced confessions, the Maguire Seven served time in prison, and Guiseppe died in prison.
	www.aallnet.org /chapter/coall/scuttle/winter2000/reel.htm (556 words)

	What In the Name of the Father Teaches About False Confessions
		Since he had no knowledge of the bombings, the confessions Gerry wrote on the afternoon of December 3 and December 4, 1974 were a mishmash of names, dates, places and events suggested to him by the police.
		A fifth person interrogated about the Guildford bombings, Brian Anderson, later said he felt he was at his breaking point when his interrogator was called away to talk on the telephone.
		They don't agree on who planted which bombs, on who drove which cars, on where the explosives were stored, on where the bombs were made, on where they were primed.
	www.justicedenied.org /inthenameofthefather.htm (3183 words)

	Provisional Irish Republican Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		IRA bombing campaigns have been conducted against rail and London Underground (subway) stations, pubs and shopping areas on the island of Great Britain, and a British military facility on Continental Europe.
		The motive for the bombing was apparently that the pub attacked was frequented by soldiers.
		The Guildford Four were tortured into confessing and 15 years later Lord Lane of the Court of Appeal would overturn their convictions noting "the investigating officers must have lied".
	provisional-irish-republican-army.iqnaut.net (3962 words)

	Amazon.com: In the Name of the Father: Books: Gerry Conlon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On November 30th, he was arrested by the RUC in Belfast and was taken to Guildford, where he was cross-examined for three days until he signed a false confession which said that he have bombed two Guildford public houses in which seven people died and fifty were injured on October 5th, 1974.
		Friends and relatives of the "Maguire 7" and "Guildford 4" mounted a media campaign to highlight their wrongful conviction and after the broadcasting of several documentaries the Guildford 4's case was referred back to the Court of Appeal.
		Gerry Conlon was convicted of the Guildford Pub bombings of October 1974, his conviction was later quashed by the Legal system, therefore establishing his innocence.
	www.amazon.com /Name-Father-Gerry-Conlon/dp/0452272785 (1680 words)

	BreakingNews.ie - 2005/01/31: Blair expected to issue public apology to Conlon family
		British Prime Minister Tony Blair is expected to issue a public apology to a father and son wrongly jailed in connection with the 1974 Guildford pub bombings.
		Gerry Conlon was one of the so-called Guildford Four who were wrongly imprisoned for carrying out the attacks, while his late father, Guiseppe, was arrested and jailed while trying to arrange a lawyer for his son.
		The Guildford Four were released after a long campaign, but Giuseppe Conlon died in prison before his name could be cleared.
	archives.tcm.ie /breakingnews/2005/01/31/story187057.asp (189 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 5 \| 1974: 'Tears of relief' after the Guildford bombs
		Five people died and 65 were injured when bombs went off in two Guildford pubs packed with Saturday night drinkers.
		Many of our wedding guests went into Guildford after the wedding to continue "partying", and some decided not to go into the pubs that were bombed as they were too busy.
		I was a trainee Wren on a 12 hour pass and had arranged to meet another girl with her parents at The Horse and Groom.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/witness/october/5/newsid_4311000/4311494.stm (537 words)

	PTA 1974 revisited / Comment / Home - Morning Star
		Mr Jenkins used the horrific Birmingham pub bombings as the pretext for the PTA, but, although Mr Jenkins called his draconian legislation a temporary measure, the Act was to be renewed each year and still remains on the statute books.
		It is noteworthy that the first person ever held under the PTA was Paul Hill, who was tortured into confessing his non-existent involvement in the Guildford pub bombings.
		Apart from the long sentences served by the Guildford Four for crimes that they had not committed, the climate of anything goes to defeat terrorism also led to the framing of Annie Maguire's family on bomb charges, which saw seven of them fitted up and sent to jail.
	www.morningstaronline.co.uk /index2.php/ex/comment/pta_1974_revisited (503 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: N. Ireland Special Report
		The decade ended with the dramatic release of four men jailed for the 1975 Guildford pub bombings, after revelations that concluded police had lied and fabricated confessions.
		The bombing was a huge setback for many backers of the peace agreement, who had hoped the 30-year-old struggle – which has taken the lives of more than 3,400 people – was coming to an end.
		By 1999, Protestant and Catholic negotiators had turned their efforts to another serious menace to the peace accord: a decision on how and when to dispose of paramilitary arms and munitions held by the two sides.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/nireland/overview.htm (1535 words)

	If you're hip, you must be Irish Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		The tide of hostility and the several miscarriages of justice that followed Birmingham and Guildford pub bombings in 1974 served as a reminder to keep heads down.
		The pub is a short walk from the Arndale Centre, which the IRA all but demolished a fortnight ago.
		Many of the emergency workers interviewed after the bomb had Irish accents: the man trapped in a tower for three days was named Danny O'Neill.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19960701/ai_n14062958 (961 words)

	:: rogerebert.com ::
		The Guildford Four were framed; there seems to be no doubt about that.
		A feckless young Irishman named Gerry Conlon and three others were charged by the British police with being the IRA terrorists who bombed a pub in Guildford, England, in 1974, and a year later they were convicted and sentenced to life.
		It is Conlon's bad luck that his visit to the Guildford area coincided with the bombing, and that his newfound wealth looks suspicious.
	rogerebert.suntimes.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19940114/REVIEWS/401140301/1023&template=printart (853 words)

	Irish Echo Online - News
		BELFAST -- The members of the Conlon and Maguire families who were convicted and sentenced to long prison terms after the IRA Guildford pub bombings have received a full apology from the British government.
		Five people were killed and 54 injured on Oct. 5, 1974 in Guildford, Surrey, when no-warning bombs exploded at two pubs known to be popular with army personnel.
		On Oct. 19, 1989, the Guildford Four, the last of the those imprisoned after the bombings, were released by the Court of Appeal, after the Director of Public Prosecutions had announced that it would be wrong for the Crown to "seek to sustain" the convictions.
	www.irishecho.com /newspaper/story.cfm?id=16022 (474 words)

	CAMPACC
		The miscarriages of justice involving the Birmingham Six, Judith Ward, the Guildford Four and the Maguires proved the racism of the policing and intelligence operations.
		The racism at the time of the pub bombings extended to racist attacks on Irish people in Birmingham not being followed up by police in that area.
		Muslim people are claiming they have been pulled over for questioning at airports or ferry terminals, and that they have been picked on for no apparent reason other than their ethnic origin.
	www.campacc.org.uk /report26may04.htm (3534 words)

	House of Commons - Home Affairs - Written Evidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		So far there has, thank God, not been a major terrorist attack in Britain, yet civil liberties have been reduced to the point where under the Anti Terrorism Crime and Security Act 2001 foreign nationals can be detained indefinitely without the evidence ever being tested before a court.
		The most prominent of these was the Prevention of Terrorism Act which came onto the statute book as a temporary measure following the Birmingham pub bombings in 1974.
		Significantly, Paul Hill, who was convicted and later cleared of involvement in the Guildford Pub bombings, was one of the first to be picked up under the PTA.
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhaff/165ii/165we12.htm (1181 words)

	Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article
		The family of a forgotten victim of the Guildford bombings have spoken publicly for the first time in 30 years.
		In a call to the Samaritans the killers said the merchant seaman, who had no paramilitary connections, had been murdered in retaliation for the previous day's IRA bombing of the King's Arms pub in Guildford in which two people were killed and 26 others injured.
		Last week they welcomed Tony Blair's public apology to the Conlon and Maguire families for their wrongful imprisonment for the Guildford pub bombings.
	nuzhound.com /articles/irish_news/arts2005/feb15_forgotten_victims.php (545 words)

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