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	Ban Gujjars, Yuchi, Gujjar kingdom north india, muslim Ban Gujjars, pilgrims and tourists Himachal pradesh.
		Gujjars are also identified with the Kushans of Yuchi, a tribe of Tartars.
		Gujjars live and move in joint family groups and set up temporary settlements where the grazing is good.
		With enlightenment the Gujjars are now organizing themselves to ask for the right to live in and to manage the forests that have been their home for ages.
	www.indiaprofile.com /lifestyle/bangujjars.htm (1079 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Gujjars are mainly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains, the Himalayan region, and eastern parts of Afghanistan, although the Gujjar diaspora is found in other places as well.
		In Jammu and Kashmir, the concentration of Gujjars is observed in the districts of Rajouri and Poonch, followed by, Ananatnag, Udhampur and Doda districts.
		On June 05, 2007 the Gujjar rioted over their desire to be added to the governments of India list of tribes who are given preference in India government job selection as well as placement in the schools sponsored by the states of India.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Gujjar (2508 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Gujjar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Gujjars belonged to the Kshatriya and Brahmin castes, while they formerly ruled the Gurjara-Pratihara Kingdom, which included much of Northern India during the 6th and 12th centuries and represent the main stock from which many royal Rajput clans claim descent, a view supported by Lieutenant James Tod.
		A royal Gujjar origin is claimed both by nomadic and pastoral tribes in North Pakistan, North India and Kashmir regions and by all higher caste Muslim Rajputs with name changing to reflect conversion to Islam.
		The presence of the Gujjars in India is first attested to after the 5th century invasion of India by the Hunas (Huns).
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Gujjar (1618 words)

	The Gujjars of South Asia
		Gujjar families average six to eight children, but some are much larger.
		Muslim Gujjars have not attained the same socioeconomic and religious status as other Muslims in the region.
		The ancestors of today’s Gujjars were forced to convert to Islam and give up their land to surrounding tribes in the 11th century.
	archives.tconline.org /news/lastfrontier/archive/Gujjars.html (617 words)

	Kashmir Sentinel
		Gujjars have no representation in the State Public Selection Service Commission, and the State Subordinate Selection and Recruitment Board which are the official agencies to fill all the gazetted and non-gazetted positions in state service.
		While Gujjars have been fiercely opposing every form of separatism, the Shias are not enamoured of 'aazadi' or even autonomy in view of apprehension of further erosions of their rights in a phenomenon where accountability is minimal.
		Gujjar and Shia communities, embarrassed by the menace of on-going militancy in Kashmir Valley reject autonomy as a solution to the impasse.
	www.kashmirsentinel.com /aug2002/9.html (3114 words)

	Wildlife Trust of India - India's Premier Animal Welfare Organisation. Wildlife Conservation\|Animal Rescue ...
		This pressure is exerted by the resident pastoral Gujjar families, who live with their livestock within the Protected Area boundaries and also by residents of villages that exist on the periphery of the park.
		When the Gujjars settled down at their rehabilitation sites, cattle had to be stall-fed. Chances of cattle mortality rose with the onset of monsoons and there was urgent need to provide veterinary support to the animals.
		The objective of this project was to support Gujjar Rehabilitation in Rajaji NP for long term conservation of flora and fauna, to reduce cattle mortality at Gaindikhata Rehabilitation centre and generate faith among the Gujjars.
	www.wildlifetrustofindia.org /html/news/features/041111_gujjars.htm (1364 words)

	Literacy Online - Papers from the 2nd Asia Regional Literacy Forum
		RLEK perceived the illiteracy of the Van Gujjars to be the root cause of their exploitation by forest officials and the milk mafia.
		With the routine of lopping fodder leaves, tending the buffalo, milking, bringing the milk out of the forests to the road heads for collection by milk marketing agents etc. it is not possible for the community to gather daily at a place distant from their 'deras' (hutments).
		And, as Van Gujjar Mastooq put it, "Our children should remain behind the veil of the forest otherwise they will acquire the evils of a degenerate urban society." Therefore, to make the programme effective, it had to be veritably carried to the doorsteps of the pupils.
	www.literacyonline.org /products/ili/webdocs/kaushal.html (2943 words)

	GUJJARS- THE GYPSIES OF THE HIMALAYAS
		Gujjars have been mentioned in several epics and in a number of classical books with myriad noun forms-Gujjar, Gujar, Goojar, Goojjar, etc. In Harshcharita by Bhan Bhat, there is a reference that during the reign of Prabhakar Vardhan there were some powerful domains of Gujjars.
		We find mention of these Gujjars in the diaries of foreign travellers that there were several powerful kings of Gujjars who used to assist the more powerful kingdoms and thus were the deciding factors in tilting the power from one kingdom to another.
		Teachers especially Gujjars and Bakarwals are arranged to move along with the caravan of herds.
	123himachal.com /himachal/gujjars.htm (1944 words)

	PEOPLE
		Gujjars mostly rear cattle and they are herdsmen of buffaloes and possess small pieces of lands, kacha houses on the slopes and foothills of mountains in Rajouri District.
		Gujjars and Bakerwals in the matter of education by way of permanent and mobile schools, starting of Gujjar and Bakerwals hostels at the District level with free boarding and lodging facilities up to 12th class and reservation in employment and vocational institutions, they are still backward.
		The Gujjars due to semi-migratory nature of their living are better qualified, financially sound and better place in the social life.
	rajouri.nic.in /people/people.htm (2456 words)

	The Gujjars of Pakistan and North India \| South Asia \| www.30-days.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The Gujjar tribe is scattered across the mountains and foothills of Pakistan and north India.
		Gujjar life is hard and beset with difficulties, including poverty, illiteracy, lack of medical facilities, and disempowerment.
		As the Gujjars move from a traditional lifestyle to a modern one, their culture is experiencing rapid change.
	www.30-days.net /ebook8/gujjars.htm (795 words)

	Community rights of the Van Gujjars will be protected- says forest minister
		The van gujjars in association with RLEK called up on the newly formed government of Uttaranchal about their traditional customary and legitimate rights on forest as guaranteed by constitution and as per the universal declaration regarding community rights of the forest.
		The van gujjars spoke on the various grievances openly as the meeting was open forum in which the participants brought out their problems.
		The programme was started with the song by a small gujjar child naming Sadham Husain who thrilled the audience by singing a song, which highlighted the close relationship the van gujjar community, is having with the forest and the wild animals.
	www.rlek.org /chetna.html (596 words)

	History
		It is in the lineage of Ash that the Gujjars (of Himachal Pradesh) trace their lineage and this is the reason that even today you find the Gujjars in the forest where it is said they feel closer to God.
		Another theory is that the Gujjars are related to the Rajputs and that Mughal Emperor Aurangzed made an agreement that if the Rajput lost in the wars with the Mughals that they would have a portion of them convert to Islam.
		Cunningham (1970) is, however, of the opinion that the Gujjars are the descendents of Kusham and Yachi Tribes which are considered to be the tribes of Eastern Tartars (U.S.S.R.).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/MABrandon/Origins.html (644 words)

	UM - Sustainability in Mountain Environments
		Gujjars were previously nomadic waterbuffalo herders but were considered to be semi-nomadic as they received permanent homes through the sedentarization programme of the Indian government.
		The Gujjars move up the Beas river valley in the spring to graze in the village forest areas of the Kulu Valley and down to their villages in the fall where the waterbuffalos are stall fed during the winter.
		Gujjars were also organized as independent family herding groups but sometimes joined their animals into a joint herd as shown by group 3.
	www.umanitoba.ca /institutes/natural_resources/mountain/book/6/5.html (4801 words)

	cultures help: base of gujjars? - Help.com
		Gujars (also Gujjar, Gurjar, or Gurjara), are members of one of the many groups, or castes, of the subcontinent, mainly inhabiting Punjab (Pakistan), Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab (India) and Gujarat, with some groups in Rajasthan and Haryana.
		Gujjars belong to the Brahmin and Kshatriya castes.
		The presence of the Gujjars in India is first attested to after the 5th century invasion of India by the Hunas (Huns), with their bearing the brunt of the migration as sovereigns of much of the northwestern subcontinent at the time.
	help.com /post/25809/base-of-gujjars (450 words)

	people of Jammu and Kashmir-Gujjars-webindia123.com
		The hill people of Kashmir, called Gujjars, mostly herdsmen by occupation, are found in most parts of Jammu and Kashmir.
		The dress of a Gujjar woman of the hills in the valley is very much similar to that worn by the Turkish village women.
		The Gujjar woman knit their hair in multiple plaits which hang in front, covering half of their moon-shaped faces.
	www.webindia123.com /JAMMU/PEOPLE/gujjar.htm (138 words)

	KVK_NDRI_KARNAL's Journal
		Gujjar women of Dhar-Gujjran village of Amb Block of Una District were leading settled mode of life and were keen to improve the socio-economic status of their family through scientific dairy farming.
		Today’s Gujjar woman is keen on improving the socio-economic status of her family by adopting modern technology in the traditional occupation of dairying.
		Mr Mehram Deen, another Gujjar of Barikhad (Kangra) village, said the traditional practice of moving the herd from one place to another is gradually declining due to the limitations imposed by the Forest Department.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/kvk_ndri_karnal (3413 words)

	Geography of Kashmir
		Gujjars and Bakarwals constitute a significant proportion of the population of the State.
		The arrival of Gujjars in Jammu and Kashmir is attributed to the outbreak of devastating droughts and famines in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kathiawad.
		Jn the State of Jammu and Kashmir the Gujjars, on the basis of their occupations and settlements are classified as (i) cultivators who have sedentrized themselves in the sidevalleys, and (ii) the Gujjars who practice transhumance.
	www.koausa.org /Geography/ethnic.html (2521 words)

	The Himalayas - Chamba Himalayas - the Gujjars
		The Gujjars are a nomadic mountain tribe who can be found in various parts of the Indian Himalayas.
		The Gujjars follow their herds to the high alpine pastures in the summer.
		Gujjar groups in the Garhwal region trek from the Terai region in Rishikesh in April and within a month or two reach the different high altitude meadows.
	library.thinkquest.org /10131/chamba_gujjarspeople.html (210 words)

	Gujjars demand Raje's resignation
		Holding Rajasthan Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje responsible for the death of 26 people during the recent Gujjar quota stir, the national-level mahapanchayat of the community, held on Sunday, demanded her immediate resignation.
		The Gujjars threatened to start their agitation if the state government failed to pass a resolution and recommend ST status as demanded by them within the stipulated period of three months and three days.
		Meanwhile addressing the mahapanchayat, Gujjar leader Col Kirori Singh Bainsla said the ultimate aim of the community is getting ST status.
	www.rediff.com /news/2007/jun/24rajriot.htm (249 words)

	Tribes of Gujjars, Tribes of Himachal Pradesh, Culture of Gujjars Tribe, Traditions & Customs of Himachal Pradesh ...
		The Gujjars are identified by General Cunningham with the Kushan or Yachi or Tochari, a tribe of the Eastern Tartars.
		The origins of the Gujjars are still shrouded in mystery, but the majority of the scholars are of the view that these people migrated to India during the 6th century from central Asia.
		It is in the lineage of Ash that the Gujjars (of Himachal Pradesh) trace their lineage and this is the reason that even today one can find the Gujjars in the forest where it is said they feel closer to God.
	himachal.indiantravelportal.com /tribes/gujjars.html (705 words)

	Outside the jungle book
		Living in the lap of nature and possessing a thorough knowledge of wild flora and fauna, the Van Gujjars consider themselves to be children of the forest.
		The presence of Van Gujjars in the park is a hindrance to a section of forest officials which connives with the wildlife and the timber mafia to indulge in undesirable activities.''
		The Van Gujjars welcome CFM as a means of addressing their insecurity and regaining access to the forest land.
	www.blonnet.com /businessline/2000/09/04/stories/100444m8.htm (952 words)

	Greater Kashmir - Daily English Newspaper from Kashmir ( Friday, April 06, 2007) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Colonel Tort argues that Gujjars are not descendants of Turkey or Arab.
		Gujjars have ruled over Gujarat, Bhopal, Kannauj, Ajmer etc. from fifth century to Fourteenth century A.D. Rajtarangni reveals that Gujjars used to rule over the states and surrounding areas of Kashmir Valley.
		During Dogra rule Gujjars were not participative and they could not reach or acquire a high position in their administration in proportion to their population.
	www.greaterkashmir.com /Home/Newsdetails.asp?newsid=2303&Issueid=110&Arch= (2411 words)

	Cover Story: Man of the year/ Avdhash Kaushal; Dec 14, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		There was a tug of war between the Gujjars and forest officials, as the nomads refused to leave their winter abode.
		The Van Gujjars are the only nomadic community in the country to use this technology.
		In the Van Gujjars case, I studied all the provisions of the Forest Act and laws associated with it.
	www.the-week.com /23dec21/cover.htm (2589 words)

	Project details
		Gujjar culture is being preserved by the community, without any influence either by us or by the State.
		After the SC judgement the Gujjars waited for the state govt/forest dept to improve the deal, so technically they stayed on in the Park in violation of a Supreme Court order.
		More Gujjars are set to move, which is why the FOD educational project at Pathri is at a critical stage; pulling the plug would be a tragedy for those young kids and for the entire project.
	www.ashanet.org /siliconvalley/projects/pathri/pathri_progress_report_2002.html (1493 words)

	Leading Tribes of Punjab and their Origins
		The word Gujjar is derived from Khazar and Jat from Gatae who inhabited around the Caspian Sea and migrated towards northwest South Asia.
		As regards Gujjars, the well known scholar Cunningham thinks that they are descended from Scythian (Saka) and Yue-Chi (Kushan) tribes who invaded Pakistan in the first century BC and in the first century AD respectively.
		The name Gujjar, according to another version, is derived from the words 'Gau' and 'Char' meaning cattle grazers.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/punjabis.html (1215 words)

	DO Channel - Homepage / current:ICT case studies / OneWorld ICT case studies: List of projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The indigenous nomadic Van Gujjars comprise one such community, facing threat of expulsion from their traditional forest homes in the Shivaliks, subsequent to the government declaring its intentions to reserve the area as a National Park.
		The Van Gujjars and their buffalo's live deep in the forests, away from human habitations and are normally cut off from any roads or telecommunication facilities.
		Gujjars understand the sensitiveness around the use of wireless equipment and ensure that no misuse of the equipment will be done” says Anmol Jain, Project Coordinator with RLEK.
	www.digitalopportunity.org /link/gotoarticle/addhit/70353/1136/525 (1049 words)

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