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Topic: Gukurahundi

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	Gukurahundi
		Gukurahundi is a traditional term in Shona (one of Zimbabwe's native languages), which means "the early rain which washes away the chaff before the spring rains".
		In post-independent Zimbabwe, the term "gukurahundi" is a euphemism used for the actions of Robert Mugabe's Fifth Brigade in the Ndebele provinces of Matabeleland and the Midlands during the early to late 80s.
		The members of the Fifth Brigade were drawn from 3500 ex-ZANLA troops at Tongogara Assembly Point, named after Josiah Tongogara, the general of Zanla, the militant wing of Mugabe's ZANU during the revolutionary war.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/g/gu/gukurahundi.html (550 words)

	Old wounds inflame political tensions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Gukurahundi, meaning 'the first rains of the season which wash away all the chaff' in the Shona language, was sent to the provinces two years after Zimbabwe gained independence from Britain in 1980, following the liberation war against the white-minority government of Ian Smith.
		The five-year Operation Gukurahundi, condemned internationally for the violence it unleashed on mainly rural Ndebele, ended in 1987 when the Unity Accord was signed and the two political parties merged under the banner of ZANU-PF.
		It is our sincere belief that the crimes and sins of Gukurahundi fall squarely on the perpetrators and their apologists, and are not transferable to all Shona-speaking people - as the cunning tribalists would want in order to create ethnic animosities," the statement said.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=56011 (770 words)

	Gukurahundi
		Gukurahundi is the term used for the actions of Robert Mugabe's Fifth Brigade in the Zimbabwean provinces of Matabeleland and the Midlands during the early to late 80s.
		The word is most simply translated as "the rain which washes away the chaff before the spring rains".
		Mugabe replied by saying dissidents should "watch out", and further announced the brigade would be called "Gukurahundi", which means the rain which washes away the chaff before the spring rains.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/gu/Gukurahundi.html (438 words)

	Mthwakazi- Inhlanganiso YeNkululeko Lozibuse weSizwe sikaMthwakazi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some of those who did, today conveniently shelter behind Gukurahundi and the CIO which are mentioned constantly as the chief operational units of the ‘killing fields’ of Matebeleland and the Midlands.
		Gukurahundi was orchestrated by Robert Mugabe; the late Simon Muzenda; Emmerson Mnangagwa; Sidney Sekeremayi; Enos Nkala; the late Earnest Kadungure; Perence Shiri and others who worked with that group of dangerous men.
		Excepting the Gukurahundi genocide, we already have a low-intensity war between the Shona and the Ndebele that has been clearly defined since 1980.
	www.mthwakazionline.org /nkomo2.html (3132 words)

	The Zimbabwean - An Independent Zimbabwe Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The comments by veteran Zanu (PF) spokesman Nathan Shamuyarira on Gukurahundi are a clear indication of the party’s insensitivity to the misery it has caused the people of Zimbabwe.
		The late Eddison Zvobgo earned himself nationwide acclaim and respect shortly before his death when he publicly apologised to the victims of Gukurahundi and their families, confessing that the memories were giving him sleepless nights.
		This was confirmed when Mugabe made a grudging, but public, statement that Gukurahundi had been “a moment of madness” and should not be allowed to happen ever again.
	www.thezimbabwean.co.uk /viewinfo.cfm?id=2333 (325 words)

	ZimObserver News Zimbabwe
		Reactions to comments by Zanu PF spokesperson, Nathan Shamuyarira, on the thorny issue of compensation for victims of the Gukurahundi massacres, showed that emotions are still running high on the issue.
		Speaking on the sidelines of a conference on the National Reconciliation Process in Zimbabwe, in Vumba last week, the Zanu PF spokesperson said the political situation in the early 80s had to be considered first before people talked about compensation.
		While Mugabe said Gukurahundi was a moment of madness, to Shamuyarira Gukurahundi was a moment of soberness.
	www.zimobserver.com /index.php?mod=article&cat=Politics&article=245&page_order=1&act=print (517 words)

	Why Gukurahundi will not be forgotten or forgiven
		In this short contribution, I propose to state why the genocide, nicknamed Gukurahundi to conceal its real anatomy and content as mass murder and genocide, will not be forgiven or forgotten either by the victims or by all men and women in the globe who oppose crimes against humanity.
		Gukurahundi will not be forgotten because the victims of the genocide are still suffering the effects of the mass human slaughter.
		Gukurahundi will also not be forgiven or forgotten because it was not a political accident, but a properly planned military incident.
	www.newzimbabwe.com /pages/gukgenocide30.15687.html (1273 words)

	The Ultimate Alternative Afrikan kulcha and Lifestyle Portal ::::
		Gukurahundi is always wary of remnants comments that make it seem someone is doing you a favour.
		At this point Gukurahundi realized that another Kushite had entered the competition and his entry was rooted in our community that it sent shivers down my spine.
		Gukurahundi could not wait to leave that place because it was all too foreign.
	www.kush.co.za /workarea/show.asp?ArticleNo=236 (994 words)

	Topica Email List Directory
		Gukurahundi, meaning 'the first rains of the season which wash away all
		Gukurahundi as "a time of madness which should not be repeated again".
		Gukurahundi, said, "The statements by Shamuyarira indicate that he is
	lists.topica.com /lists/TheBlackList/read/message.html?mid=913419736&sort=d&start=20062 (701 words)

	Zimbabwe -- 'A time of national mourning' (Re the Gukuranhundi) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He said instead of wasting funds for a get-together of the very people who perpetrated the killings, a morally upright government would take the opportunity to exhume the bodies that still lie in mine shafts, mass graves and caves and give them a decent reburial.
		An estimated 20,000 people were killed while others were left homeless in the operation which Mugabe, the then prime minister, code named Gukurahundi, Shona for the rains that sweep the chaff.
		Mnkandla said his organisation did not recognise the accord as having fostered unity but as a cover-up for the suffering of the victims and the families they left behind.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/811939/posts (1044 words)

	Zimbabwejournalists.com: Matebeleland anger mounts
		Mugabe said Operation Gukurahundi (a Shona word meaning, "The early strong rain that washes away the chaff before the spring rains.") had been necessary to weed out Ndebele dissidents who wanted to topple him.
		Zvobgo, a Shona widely seen as a presidential candidate, earned acclaim and respect shortly before his death in 2004 when he publicly apologised to the victims of Gukurahundi and their families, confessing that the memories were giving him sleepless nights.
		The lingering impact of Gukurahundi on the region is indelible.
	www.zimbabwejournalists.com /story.php?art_id=1340&cat=2 (1971 words)

	David Coltart (Official Website) » Under Siege: Human rights and the rule of law in Zimbabwe
		During this period which I will term the “Gukurahundi”, 20,000 people were massacred in what can only be described as an act of genocide.
		Gukurahundi is a Shona term that describes the spring rain that falls in Zimbabwe and clears out the trash that has gathered over winter - the chaff that has gathered over winter.
		It is meant to have positive connotations but sadly in Zimbabwe it was used to describe the policy embarked on by the regime to crush the only legitimate opposition that existed under the leadership of Joshua Nkomo and his Zapu Party.
	davidcoltart.com /archive/2004/127 (6511 words)

	Kubatana - Archive - Gideon Gono, Mugabe's new political tool - Itai Masotsha Zimunya - Apr 19, 2005
		Perence Shiri commandeered the forces of Gukurahundi, whose hitherto unpublished massacres were part of Mugabe's empire building project.
		Zimbabweans and the world are still shocked by the belief in threats, force and violence by the Zimbabwean government even on issues that require dialogue.
		After signing the Unity Accord in 1987, President Mugabe described Gukurahundi as a moment of madness that should never be repeated in history.
	www.kubatana.net /html/archive/opin/050819iz.asp?sector=OPIN&year=0&range_start=331 (1976 words)

	Zimbabwe's plunge - Zhean Gwaze - May 22, 2003
		He seemed to be rebelling against the colonial system yet at the same time identifying with the aggressor by retaining and fine-tuning some of the most repressive Rhodesian laws and everything to do with the colonial autocratic style of governance.
		After Gukurahundi, state authoritarianism tactically buried its ugly head in the sands of the faked Unity Accord of 1987, but resurfaced in 2000 after ZANU(PF)’s defeat in the constitutional referendum.
		Shari Eppel, a human rights activist, concurs with Barnes, arguing that the signing of the Unity Accord in December 1987 was followed by the creation of a de facto one-party state.
	www.weaverpresszimbabwe.com /reviews/zim-injustice_musiwa.htm (1124 words)

	News from the North: Gukurahundi Murambatsvina
		Which is true; between direct appointment (of 16 positions), violence and vote-rigging, and Mugabe's continued undoubted popularity in poor rural regions, the government would almost certainly win any contested Senate election.
		But not fighting means that government Shona officials will represent Matabeleland, scene of the Gukurahundi massacres, and that thought incenses the Ndebele, who form a large part of the opposition.
		So the MDC is riven with arguments and infighting; there is widespread speculation that they might divide or even disappear, victim of their own internecine squabble.
	rezendi.com /blog/2005/11/gukurahundi-murambatsvina.html (1519 words)

	Africanews - 63 - June 2001
		The legacy of Gukurahundi, an elite North Korean-trained commando unit that killed and maimed 20,000 Ndebele 14 years ago, is back to haunt southern Zimbabwe's Matabeleland region.
		Thousands others fled to neighbouring countries, especially Botswana, where they remained as refugees until Nkomo, realising that his people were being exterminated by this Gukurahundi, agreed to the Unity Accord that gave the dissidents a wholesale amnesty.
		In April, he made a tour of Matabeleland districts that suffered during the Gukurahundi onslaught and heard the chilling stories of how people were either killed or maimed by the soldiers, something Mugabe has not done.
	web.peacelink.it /afrinews/63_issue/p1.html (1344 words)

	VOA News - Zimbabwe's Moyo Wants To Memorialize Post-Independence Purge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Former Zimbabwean information minister Jonathan Moyo, who represents the Matabeleland North constituency of Tsholotsho in parliament, is said to be preparing legislation that would compensate the victims of the post-independence purge carried out in the Matabeleland region against loyalists of the late Joshua Nkomo.
		Moyo could not be reached for comment, but parliamentary sources said he had been lobbying support for a private member's bill called the Gukurahundi Memorial Bill.
		The bill seeks compensation for victims of the killings of civilians in the early 1980s by a special army unit known as Gukurahundi, after a word in the Shona language that means "the early rain that washes away the chaff before the spring rains."
	www.voanews.com /english/Africa/Zimbabwe/2007-01-02-voa56.cfm (343 words)

	CrisisZimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The violence of “Gukurahundi period was ended by the signing of the Unity Accord on 22nd December 1987.
		Gukurahundi are the result of the political failures of a political structure, system and formula embraced by the Modern African
		Gukurahundi is due to the great Shona-Ndebele mistrust that has persisted because of the existence of defective political
	www.unitedafricaorganization.org /CrisisZimbabwe.html (16926 words)

	The Insider - Calls for autonomy increasing
		An estimated 5 000 people were killed during the strife and another 500 are reported to have disappeared.
		Most of the atrocities are reported to have been committed by the North Korean trained Five Brigade (also known as Gukurahundi).
		The government which is the only one that has information as to who was really responsible for the atrocities seems to be turning a blind eye to the problem.
	www.insiderzim.com /jul92autonomy.html (980 words)

	Secret document outlines plot against Ndebeles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This was the lead-up to the notorious 1983 Gukurahundi in which the North Korean trained 5th Brigade murdered as many as 20,000 Ndebele in Matabeleland and Masvingo, committed mass tortue and mass destruction of private property and public infrastructure and filled shallow mass graves.
		The term "Gukurahundi" was applied by Mugabe himself, before the operation, to the 5th Brigade and came to be the term to describe the operation itself and its consequences.
		Knowing some of the details of the search for them as I do (they were never found), I am still inclined to believe that they were killed by dissidents or bandits, not by the Army as a set-up.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1152712/posts (813 words)

	Enough is Enough » ZANU-PF’s prehistoric mindset on display
		Shamuyarira said the actions of the North Korean-trained 5 Brigade in the three provinces were “not regrettable”.
		I think not; Gukurahundi was a genocide, just like Rwanda, just like Darfur.
		In case you didn’t see it, that report said he was speaking at a conference on National Reconciliation for Zimbabwe.
	enoughzimbabwe.org /zanu-pfs-prehistoric-mindset-on-display (641 words)

	Enos Nkala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As Defence Minister he was involved in the notorious Gukurahundi massacre of Ndebele people.
		At the Imbovane YaMhlabezulu meeting held in Bulawayo on 26 February 1998, Enos Nkala who was one of the guest speakers alongside Joseph Msika (National Chairman of ZANU-PF), repeatedly denied any involvement and responsibility in the Gukurahundi genocide.
		While serving as Zimbabwe's Home Affairs Minister Nkala rejected allegations by Amnesty International, the London-based human rights organization, who had reported beatings, electric shocks and other torture at Government detention camps after the general election in Zimbabwe in July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Enos_Nkala (230 words)

	Sokwanele: Zimbabwe National Army
		Over 20 000 civilians died and were buried in mass graves.
		The intensity of their actions during the mid-1980s is associated with a specific Zimbabwean word, Gukurahundi.
		In October 1980, Prime Minister Mugabe signed an agreement with the North Korean President, Kim Il Sung that they would train a brigade for the Zimbabwean army.
	www.sokwanele.com /articles/justice/army.html (3897 words)

	Matabeland Anger Mounts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Political scientist Dr John Makumbe, a Shona and a representative in Zimbabwe of the anti-corruption organisation Transparency International, said, "They (the Ndebele) are now more militant and vocal than ever before because of the hardships they have been experiencing.
		Coltart recalled affidavits he had taken during Gukurahundi, "Women spoke of how their husbands, sons and relatives would be abducted or simply gunned down in cold blood.
		Others said that, just like the late former justice minister Eddison Zvobgo, the ailing Msika was seeking forgiveness for his long silence from the people of Matabeleland before he dies.
	www.iwpr.net /?p=acr&s=f&o=325548&apc_state=henpacr (2096 words)

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