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Topic: Gulden, Historical Denomination

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

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	Perspectives in Numismatics - Medieval European Coinage
		This is unfortunate since medieval coins provide the collector with an intellectual challenge not found in the modern issues, not to mention their intrinsic historical interest, their distinctive art forms, and their reflections of coinage patterns during the period when the western world, as we know it, was developing.
		After all, one collects this series for its intellectual challenge, its historical value, and for a sense of romance, not as a means of a quick buck at the next auction.
		Coin denominations were much the same as elsewhere, the denar or pfennig paralleling the denier, and the groschen similar to the gros.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /projects/PiN/mec.html (7525 words)

	Currency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To find out which currency is used in a particular country, start at the countries of the world or look at the table of historical exchange rates.
		Nowadays ISO have introduced a system, ISO 4217, using three-letter codes to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in order to remove the confusion that there are dozens of currencies called the dollar and many called the franc.
		However, scrip is not considered a currency in itself, but merely a store of value, denominated in another currency.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Currency (2601 words)

	[No title]
		Historical debts aside, America is a suzerain and, as such, it is irresistible.
		Germany is also a natural and historical leader of central Europe - the future lebensraum of both the EU and NATO and the target of their expansionary predilections, euphemistically termed "enlargement".
		Smaller denomination (token) silver coins, minted in limited quantity, were legal tender only in the issuing country (because they had a lower silver content than the Union coins).
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/belgc10.txt (21111 words)

	Database Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Reckoning in schocks, or sixties, occasionally spread to other denominations, and was reinforced in the mid fifteenth century when a schock of the Meissen groschen was temporarily worth an imperial gold gulden.
		The gulden as an accounting unit remained in the sixteenth century as the name of the pound of 40 groten, even though the gold rheingulden had officially become worth 42 Flemish groten as early as 1467.
		It may, however, be taken as axiomatic that on closer inspection an historical explanation may be found for the existence of each money of account, and that such an historical explanation will indicate to which real coin the system continued to be attached.
	www.scc.rutgers.edu /memdb/DatabasesSpecificFiles/About/aboutspuf.asp (16933 words)

	Mises, The Theory of Money and Credit, Part II, Chapters 7-8: Library of Economics and Liberty
		For modern value theory their terminology can claim only a historical importance, and a confusion of the two concepts of exchange value need no longer be feared.
		That the objective exchange value of money as historically transmitted (der geschichtlich überkommene objektive Tauschwert des Geldes) is affected not only by the industrial use of the material from which it is made, but also by its monetary use, is a proposition which hardly any economist would nowadays deny.
		Now, after the cessation of free coinage of silver it was fairly obvious that the paper gulden (and incidentally the silver gulden) would not be converted at a rate appreciably in excess of the average rate at which it circulated in the period immediately preceding the conversion.
	www.econlib.org /library/Mises/msT3.html (15075 words)

	Volume 9 Issue ...
		The main differences were in the shape of the denomination (central and/or corner) cartouches on both sides of the range of notes.
		The smallest denomination was printed in Orange, the next was in Black tones and the next in Violet - all reverses were in Dark Green.
		The higher denomiations of 5 Gulden (Lima Roepiah) was Blue, the 10 Gulden (Sepoeloeh Roepiah) was Red, the 25 Gulden (Doea Poeloeh Roepiah) was in Brown, while the largest denomination of 100 Gulden (Seratoes Roepiah) and 200 Gulden (Doea Seratoes Roepiah) were printed in Brown and Grey-Blue respectively.
	www.vision.net.au /~pwood/may04.htm (3082 words)

	Experiencing Unfreedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In their view, the county was historically and inherently free—a condition which they held to be incompatible with any treaty that ratified the legality of serfdom, even retrospectively.
		In the end, the definitions that mattered most historically were not those of scholars, jurists, or the agents of state, but the definitions produced by people who bore unfree status.
		Combined with “baser hand” serfdom, these strategies were the continuation of a two-pronged expansion strategy first tested in the late fourteenth century: applying a territorial principle of subjection and authority within its lower court districts, while allowing personal serfdom to carry the abbey’s claims beyond their borders.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dluebke/Experiencing_Unfreedom.htm (8009 words)

	Euro - free-definition
		In Dutch, the plural of euro is euro's and that of cent is centen but euro is also used for both singular and plural (as was used for the guilder: één gulden, twee gulden...).
		Having a single currency is expected to increase the economic interdependency of and the ease of trade between the EU members that have adopted the euro.
		This, in theory, should be beneficial for citizens of the euro area, as increases in trade are historically one of the main driving forces of economic growth.
	www.netlexikon.akademie.de /EUR.html (3636 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Guilder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Guilder is the English name for the Dutch Gulden.
		It was used on coins and banknotes issued in Sri Lanka and Guyana following the takeover of these two colonies by the British.
		Guilder is also a fictional nation in the book The Princess Bride, as is florin.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Guilder (47 words)

	Delaware Department of Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All historic evidence, and even additional archaeological evidence points to the historic mean as the accurate date.
		The discrepancy between the MCD and the historic mean date can best be explained as a result of second- hand ceramic acquisition by the site's fl, and comparatively poor, inhabitants from that time period, a trend that otto (1984) observed in the ceramic assemblage of the slave quarters at Cannon's Point, Georgia.
		Based on the historic research, in particular the drastic differences in the parcel price in October, 1844 ($80) and January, 1845 ($25), structure B was apparently removed about 1845.
	www.deldot.net /static/projects/archaeology/christeen/artifact_analysis.html (12304 words)

	Guilder -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two versions of the guilder are still in use in (A popular island resort in the Netherlands Antilles) Aruba and the (A group of islands in the Lesser Antilles just north of Venezuela that are administered by The Netherlands) Netherlands Antilles, both Dutch dependencies.
		In 2004, the (A republic in northeastern South America on the Atlantic; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1975) Suriname gulden has been replaced by the (Surf for more about Suriname dollar) Suriname dollar.
		in the Swiss Historical Encyclopedia (in (A person of German nationality) German; also available in and).
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/guilder.htm (373 words)

	Bass Sale 1 Session 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The spacing of the letters and general appearance is reminiscent of some of the work done by Anthony Paquet, who did contract work for the Mint at the time; this is conjecture, however; the die is not signed.
		Die notes: On the obverse the raised letter B is from an exceedingly tiny punch and seems to have been added as an afterthought, but is very prominent and obviously was intended to reflect the engraver; normally, William Barber did not sign his patterns of this era.
		Whether the Q is from a punch of that letter or simply has a tail added to an O we do not know, but suspect the latter; in any event it is slightly high and out of alignment.
	www.harrybassfoundation.org /basscatalogs/BASSSALE1/b1-2-m.htm (4172 words)

	MONEY - LoveToKnow Article on MONEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The chosen commodity becomes a common denominator, or common measure of value in terms of which we estimate the value of all other goods, and in this way money, which in its primary function renders exchange possible by acting as an intermediate term in each transfer, also makes exchanges easier by making them definite.
		The classification, though resting on logical grounds, is very largely in conformity with the course of historical development.
		The Austrian 8 and 4 gulden pieces were equivalent to the 20 and 10 franc pieces.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MONEY.htm (21106 words)

	Henstridge \| British History Online
		A man from Henstridge was an elder of the Wells and Bruton Presbyterian classis during the Interregnum and another was fined for attending a Quaker meeting in 1680.
		(Footnote 92) There was a Presbyterian in the parish in 1716 (Footnote 93) and licences were issued for a meeting of unspecified denomination in 1704, for Baptists at Bowden in 1735, for two Independent meetings at Yenston in 1748, and for Presbyterians in 1763.
		A malthouse had been converted to a schoolroom by 1813 and there was a Sunday school for 100 children in 1819.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=18743 (8342 words)

	[No title]
		The two Christian denominations look on with indifference at the profanation and destruction of a noble and unique creature who was given to the world as a gift of God’s grace.
		Among historical studies universal history was the subject almost exclusively taught in the Austrian schools, for of specific Austrian history there was only very little.
		That kind of historical thinking which was developed in me through my study of history at school never left me afterwards.
	us.share.geocities.com /alienated2012/mk.txt (22073 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Numismatics
		On the one side was the representation of the prow of a ship, the characteristic device of the city of Rome, on the other, the head of a divinity, which varied with the denomination of the coin.
		It was followed by the minor denominations, the quinarius (1/2 denarius) and sestertius (1/4 denarius).
		While during the earlier centuries the monetary systems of the older civilized countries of Europe generally developed along the lines established in the course of the Middle Ages, the great political and economic revolutions of the nineteenth century brought into being new forces which had their effect on the monetary systems.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11152a.htm (6895 words)

	Gold Standard: 09/15/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Smaller denomination (token) silver coins, minted in limited quantity, were legal tender only in the issuing country.
		Most of the political units agreed to choose between one of two monetary standards (the Thaler and the Gulden) in 1838 and nine years later, the central bank of Prussia (which comprised 70% of the population and land mass of the future Germany) became the effective Central Bank of the Federation.
		The North German Thaler was fixed at 1.75 to the South German Gulden and, in 1856 (when Austria became associated with the Union), at 1.5 Austrian Florins (this was to be a short lived affair, because Prussia and Austria declared war on each other in 1866).
	goldstandardhome.blogspot.com /2005_09_15_goldstandardhome_archive.html (2720 words)

	Search Engine for AC All Collectibles
		Not only are they of historical importance they are a visual delight too.This one has an inscription in Germany and French and we learn that what we see on this Vues d’optique is “ the main street with a Chinese Arc d’ triumph.
		Not only are they of historical importance they are a visual delight too.This one has an inscription in Germany and French and we learn that what we see on this Vies #’optique is “ the 7th main street of Nanjing Province.
		Denomination: 105 Austrian Gilders.At the back are stamps, recording the payments of the dividends.Lithograph by Sieger, Wien.
	search.tias.com /cgi-bin/altavista.fcgi?store=/stores/friedrich&... (1933 words)

	The Coin DOC's Answer Archive #46
		The Mexican state of Guerrero exists in the southwestern coast of Mexico and was the stronghold of Zapata during the Revolutionary period (1910 -1917).
		Some of these artifacts are collected as is and are interesting because of their historical reference.
		The highest denomination note ever printed in the United States is the 1934 $100,000 gold certificate.
	www.coinsite.com /content/cdanswers/cdarchive46.asp (4533 words)

	LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The only clue to Cranach's settlement previous to his Wittenberg appointment is afforded by the knowledge that he owned a house at Gotha, and that Barbara Brengbier, his wife, was the daughter of a burgher of that city.
		As Cranach notes again in his diary on the day of his marriage, "I have had the most fortune to have found myself a maiden whose virtue and beauty are unexceled by those of her peers.
		Now that I have come to a profound revelation upon the materials taught by your Luther's new denomination, and I must say that it was of the utmost pleasure for me to have dawned upon the ultimate solution for the problem of pinpointing the women's place within our society.
	www.palfacts.com /Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder (2632 words)

	Guilder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 2004, the Suriname gulden was replaced by the Suriname dollar.
		At the time of withdrawal, the following denominations were circulating, the 1 cent coin having been withdrawn in 1983:
		1000 gulden - duizendje, (rooie) rug / rooi(tj)e
	www.firebird.cn /wiki/Guilder (481 words)

	Numismatic Literature: Published by the American Numismatic Society
		Van Loon’s Netherlands Historical Medals is briefly discussed along with a medal created shortly after 1708 to commemorate the defat of the French by the English and Dutch.
		An historical introduction to the coinage of Stefan Lazarević as Despot of Belgrade.
		A brief history of the US 3-cent denomination, from the "trime" coins of 1851-1873 to the bills introduced in later years in an attempt to reinstate them.
	www.amnumsoc.org /numlit/dates148.html (13377 words)

	Heidelberg College Bulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kinley was a historical columnist for the Upper Sandusky Daily Chief Union from 1948-1969.
		Her research interests involving children's invented notation and music with whole language are published in "General Music Today," "Update," and "Journal of Research in Music Education." She spent the month of July in New Zealand and Australia, addressing the faculties at the University of Sydney and Newcastle, NSW.
		Nancy Gulden Sheehy, Cincinnati, is an adjunct instructor at Wilmington College, teaching public speaking and a course in television and American culture.
	www.heidelberg.edu /publications/bulletins/bulletin28-3/alumnotes.html (8127 words)

	Footnotes; Laughlin, The History of Bimetallism in the United States: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The banks continued to issue notes on their own account, on colored paper, in denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 lire, redeemable in "consorzio" notes or specie, but limited in amount.
		After they were retired, notes of other denominations were to be withdrawn in like manner until the amount of 600 was reached.
		The Austrian silver guldens already coined, however, retained their full legal-tender character (like the German silver thalers not withdrawn), and passed current, just as subsidiary coins, irrespective of the lessened market value of the silver metal in them.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Laughlin/lghHBMNotes.html (12488 words)

	Heimer's Stamp Pages
		They were made with help of various books and historical atlases and I think that they are correct.
		$: 1 Dinar = 100 Para, from 1965: denomination 1:100, from 1990: denomination 1:10000
		$: 1 Dinar = 100 Para, denomination 1993: 1:1 000 000, denomination 1994: 1:1 000 000 000, 1995 1 novi dinar = 100 para
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/wooton/6/chrono.htm (1058 words)

	Continuation of Schwenk Ancestry, Generation # 4 ff
		Its first historical mentioning is preserved in a document in the archives in St. Gallen, Swizerland, and was dated in 854 A.D. That document tells us very little about Mundingen except that there existed at that time a small chapel.
		The balance of 2000 Gulden, in cash, was required before the "deal" could be final.
		One of the most interesting parts of this large document was to find the signatures toward the end of this of Conrad, Felicitas,and then of her mother and step-father Elias Fischer.
	www.schwenkidaho.com /index21a.htm (8222 words)

	The Danzig 25 Gulden
		The Danzig 25 Gulden gold coin depicts the Senate ensign on the front with two lions and the inscription “The Free State of Danzig”.
		We would encourage your to call our office immediately to reserve one or two of these historical treasures.
		This is the lowest price that a 1930 Danzig 25 Gulden has ever been sold for...
	www.thegoldpage.com /danzigcoin.html (716 words)

	Vocabulary of Coins, struck or used in Latvia
		This vocabulary reflects just a short introduction - overview - to the different denominations of coins, struck or used in Latvia since the 13th century.
		The detailed information with coin mintage years, weight, diameter is covered in articles on the respective historical periods.
		Pictures in this page show mostly the coins, which were used in Latvia in previous centuries, but were struck in other territories.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Olympus/5539/vocab/vocabul.html (1653 words)

	History of the Blickensderfer Family in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In this letter he states that his wife had died three years previously, after having been a helpless invalid for three years from acute rheumatism; but that he and his two children were in good health.
		In this letter he acknowledges the receipt of 90 gulden sent him through his brother, Christian, and requests the remittance of the balance that may be coming to him from the paternal estate, as he needs it to secure him from the loss of his land.
		He was a member and a preacher of the Mennonite denomination, highly esteemed among his people, and at one time served a congregation of Mennonites at Neuwied; but resided nearly all his life at the Kohlhof, cultivating the estate.
	www.corax.org /genealogy/history.html (12034 words)

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