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Topic: Gulf of Riga

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	Riga - LoveToKnow 1911
		Riga consists of four parts - the old town and the St Petersburg and Moscow suburbs on the right bank of the Dvina, and the Mitau suburb on the left bank, the two sides being connected by a floating bridge, which is removed in winter, and by a viaduct, 820 ft. long.
		Riga gives name to an archiepiscopal see of the Orthodox Greek Church and to an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church, and is the headquarters of the XX.
		Riga was founded in 1158, as a storehouse at the mouth of the Diina (Dvina), by a few Bremen merchants.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Riga (1119 words)

	Gulf of Riga - Latvia
		The Gulf of Riga case study area focuses on coastal development within the Riga metropolitan area, which includes the coastal zone of two urban municipalities (pilsetas) – Riga and Jurmala.
		Over a century, the coastal stretch of Jurmala and Riga is close to dynamic equilibrium conditions, with slight prevailing accretion, but in the last two decades an activation of coastal processes has been observed along the entire coastline.
		The increase in coastal erosion is triggered by the increasing frequency of extremely strong and disastrous storms from the west and north, combined with the wind-induced sea level rise.
	www.eurosion.org /shoreline/31gulfofriga.html (245 words)

	Riga municipality portal
		Riga is located along the Baltic Sea at the southern coast of the Gulf of Riga, on the Rigava coastal plain.
		The historical core of Riga is situated on the right bank of the Daugava River, about 10 kilometers from where the Daugava flows into the Gulf of Riga.
		Climate in Riga is influenced by its proximity to the sea; therefore it is moderately warm and humid.
	www.riga.lv /EN/Channels/About_Riga (205 words)

	PAIC -> Projects -> Riga port authority (rivers hydraulics and hydrodynamics)
		The Riga Port Authority requested the development of the physical model of the lower River Daugava from the Institute of water and earth sciences, Latvia University of Agriculture in early 1998, before the reconstruction of Rinuzi oil terminal.
		The hydrology of the lower River Daugava is determined by the interaction of the Riga HPP work regime with the water level fluctuations in the southern part of the Gulf of Riga and the wind action over the estuary.
		The elevation fluctuations in the Gulf of Riga are caused mainly by the wind forcing, the minimum/maximum levels may reach –1.5/+2.0 m.
	www.paic.lv /en/projekti_1.php (809 words)

	Riga. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The old section, or Hansa town, of Riga is circled by a park-lined moat and includes the ancient castle of the Livonian Knights (rebuilt at various periods), the 13th-century Lutheran cathedral (rebuilt 16th cent.), and the Parliament building (19th cent.).
		Captured (1710) by Czar Peter I during the Northern War, Riga and the rest of Swedish Livonia were ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Nystadt in 1721.
		Having declined during the 17th cent., Riga’s commercial importance revived in the 18th and particularly with the coming of the railroad in the 19th.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ri/Riga.html (664 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Riga
		The Treaty of Riga of 1921, between the USSR and Poland, followed a truce concluded late in 1920.
		Riga, Gulf of eastern arm of the Baltic Sea, bordering on Estonia and on Latvia.
		It borders on the Baltic Sea and its arms, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland, in the west and the north and extends E to Lake Peipus (Chudskoye) and the Narva.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Riga (700 words)

	Riga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Riga is capital of Latvia, situated on the Daugava (Western Dvina) River near its entry into the Gulf of Riga.
		Among Riga's industries are machine building, metalworking, shipbuilding and repairing, woodworking, food processing, and the manufacture of diesel engines, streetcars, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical apparatus, radio and telephone equipment, meteorological instruments, textiles, building materials, and paper.
		Riga is not only the backbone of Latvia's economy but also the largest center of education and science.
	www.dfdstorline.lv /DFDSTorlineSIA/EN/Riga (545 words)

	Gulf of Riga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gulf of Riga (or Bay of Riga, Latvian Rīgas Jūras līcis, Estonian Liivi Laht) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia.
		The area of the Gulf of Riga is about 18,000 square km.
		The main rivers falling into the gulf are the Daugava, the Lielupe and the Gauja.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_of_Riga (136 words)

	Gulf of Riga
		The catchment area of the Gulf of Riga has a total area of 138 000 km2, including Estonia (7 000 km2), Latvia (59 000 km2), Lithuania (10 000 km2), Belarus (38 000 km2) and Russia (24 000 km2).
		The Gulf of Riga is separated from the Baltic Proper by the two islands of Hiumaa (1 225 km2) and Saaremaa (2 650 km2).
		Moreover, the Gulf serves as a huge settlement tank; the rate of deposition of heavy metals is substantial.
	www.baltic.vtt.fi /demo/gor (777 words)

	Riga, Latvia, Pictures
		Located on the Daugava River, near its mouth on the Gulf of Riga (an arm of the Baltic Sea), the city is a major seaport and a cultural and industrial center.
		The old section of Riga is surrounded by a moat and contains several medieval structures, including a 13th-century cathedral and guild halls from the 14th century.
		Probably founded in the 12th century, Riga was made the seat of the bishop of Livonia in 1201.
	www.greatestcities.com /Europe/Latvia/Riga_city_state_capital.html (306 words)

	Riga
		Riga, the capital of the Republic of Latvia, lies on the banks of the Daugava river not far from where the river flows into the Gulf of Riga.
		Riga is not only the largest city in the Baltic States, but also the most important centre of industry, finance and transport in the Baltic region.
		Although the city of Riga was not devastated during the war, it opted to conform to the political power of that time with the aim that the privileges and independence of the city were maintained.
	www.randburg.com /lv/riga.html (1732 words)

	gulf - Definition, Synonyms, and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Gulf of Alaska - a gulf of the Pacific Ocean between the Alaska Peninsula and the Alexander Archipelago
		Gulf of Corinth, Gulf of Lepanto - inlet of the Ionian Sea between central Greece and the Peloponnesus
		Gulf of Riga - an inlet of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia
	www.onpedia.com /dictionary/gulf (478 words)

	Gulf of Riga Project
		Scientists from all Nordic countries are cooperating with colleges in Estonia and Latvia on describing the environmental status and to develop mass-balances on eutrophying and toxic substances for the Gulf.
		The aim is to make existing historical data sets available for all the participants of the subprojects and to serve as a common database and center for data exchange of new information collected during the five-year study period (1993-97).
		The Riga Bay Database now includes hydrochemical data obtained by hydrometeorological agencies and research institutions in Latvia and Estonia from 1968 to 1995.
	data.ecology.su.se /models/GOR.htm (469 words)

	Riga City LATVIA
		Riga stages a variety of festivals, (especially in summer) ranging from classical music or theater to jazz and rock.
		Riga is a magnificent surprise to a stranger.
		Riga was founded in 1201 by German invaders, whose Knights of the Sword built fortresses by the river and founded the Livonian Order.
	www.baltic.ws /latvia/Rigacity.html (2016 words)

	Riga, Gulf of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The gulf, which is frozen from December to April, receives the Western Dvina (Daugava) River.
		Making his move: hoping the West won't notice, Gorbachev uses the gulf crisis to mask his crackdown on the rebellious Baltics.
		New Russian seaport on the Gulf of Finland: a wider window on the world.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Riga-Gul.html (267 words)

	Environmental Indicators in Latvia 2002
		In the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Rīga, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in winter are the most suitable indicators for monitoring of long-term trends, since the concentrations at this time are stable.
		In general, a significant increasing trend in chlorophyll a concentration in the Gulf of Rīga is evident.
		These changes in the central part of the Gulf of Rīga were probably caused by oxygen depletion and hydrogen-sulphide accumulation in the upper sediment layers.
	enrin.grida.no /htmls/latvia/udeni/eitro/licis.htm (497 words)

	Dead whale discovered in Gulf of Riga
		RIGA - A dead whale found in the Gulf of Riga on Friday had sustained lethal injuries from a heavy mechanical impact, most probably in collision with a ship, an expert said.
		The Latvian coast guard spotted a huge dead animal in the Gulf of Riga near Dunte on the northeast Latvian coast and towed it ashore.
		The last recorded whale sighting near Latvia’s coast was in August 1976, when a 14-meter fin whale washed ashore near Kauguri in the Gulf of Riga.
	www.baltictimes.com /news/articles/15942 (241 words)

	About the city of Riga, Latvia
		The vehicle for this transforming is the capital Riga, the largest city in the Baltic States.
		Riga is close to the Gulf of Riga at the Baltic Sea and the harbour is an important part of the city’s development.
		Riga is also a hub for both the domestic and international trains.
	www.riga.com /about_riga.asp (153 words)

	Helcom : Total and regional runoff to the Baltic Sea
		Geographically, the runoff is of about the same size in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Proper, whereas the Gulf of Riga contributes to a lesser extent and the Gulf of Bothnia to a larger extent to the total runoff.
		The sub basins are displayed in the centre of figure 1 and the sub basins described are the Baltic Proper, the Gulf of Riga, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia.
		In the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland, there was a feature of increasing values during the 80’s while in the Baltic Proper, there was a feature of decreasing values.
	www.helcom.fi /environment2/ifs/ifs2006/en_GB/runoff (1758 words)

	Lighthouses of Estonia
		Surrounded on 2-1/2 sides by water, it faces the Gulf of Riga on the southwest, the Baltic Sea on the west, and the Gulf of Finland on the north.
		Kihnu is an island in the northern Gulf of Riga, about 12 km (7.5 mi) south of the mainland and 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Pärnu.
		Prangli is an island in the Gulf of Finland about 15 km (9 mi) northeast of the Viimsi peninsula; the island has a small permanent population and is accessible by passenger ferry from Leppneeme on the northwest side of the Viimsi peninsula.
	www.unc.edu /~rowlett/lighthouse/est.htm (7269 words)

	Riga municipality portal
		The symbolism of the Daugava in the history of Riga and Latvia is so important that it is known as the River of Destiny and Mother Daugava.
		The Raft Bridge became an important symbol for Riga, and in the 18th century it was considered one of the three miracles of Riga.
		During reconstruction of the Riga railway junction in 1914, a new iron bridge was constructed, which was destroyed in 1917.
	www.riga.lv /EN/Channels/About_Riga/History_of_Riga/Stories/Udeni/Daugava.htm (1043 words)

	Latvia / Riga circa 1897, The National Encyclopedia
		RIGA, the capital of the Russian government of Livonia, is situated on the right bank of the Düna, about 7 miles above its entrance into the Gulf of Riga, and had 282,943 inhabitants in 1897.
		Riga is the third city of the empire in commercial importance; the numerous ships in the river, the bustle in the streets, and the well-stocked warehouses and shops are indications of the extensive trade of which it is the centre.
		Riga was founded about the year 1200, by Albert, the third bishop of Livonia, who established a German colony there.
	www.latvians.com /en/Reading/RigaNatlEncy/riga1897.php (824 words)

	Water exchange modelling
		The sea levels in the Gulf of Riga (lower panel, -bold) and in the Väinameri (1) are quite variable, having an annual maximal amplitude of about 1m.
		Speaking of the water exchange of the whole basin (Gulf of Riga) the so-called Knudsen-exchange is usually kept in mind: the volume of water with the salinity of the Baltic upper layer, which is necessary to add to the Gulf of Riga in order to follow the time-dependence of the average salinity of the Gulf.
		An important feature of the Gulf of Riga water exchange is co-operation of the two straits, and not the processes which take place in one of the straits alone.
	www.sea.ee /~ys/REP9/REP9-4.HTM (4886 words)

	Aivars JURKOVSKIS
		Present research is oriented at the analysis of long-term data series to understand the environmental processes in the Gulf of Riga, where the contribution of natural and anthropogenic loading to the ecosystem changes observed after the economic recession in the Eastern Baltic countries is currently unclear.
		Course and environmental consequences of eutrophication in the Gulf of Riga.
		The Gulf of Riga Project, Sub-project: The Origin of Organic Matter and Sediments of the Gulf of Riga and Its Utilisation in the Benthic Food-web (1995) (under heading of B.Widbom, Stockholm University, Sweden).
	www.lza.lv /scientists/jurkovski.htm (735 words)

	Tour of Riga presented in Travelling section
		Riga straddles the Daugava River, about 15km (9mi) from its mouth in the south-eastern corner of the Gulf of Riga.
		Riga has the both the historic merchant past and the old world charm of the Nineteenth Century and has a look and feel somewhat like Paris.
		Riga was home to the first Christmas Tree (documented use of an evergreen tree in a Christmas celebration) in the year 1510.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/tour_of_riga (752 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The aim of the present studies was to determine the role of phytoplankton in detection of environmental changes in the micro- and macronutrients, as well as to estimate the use of phytoplankton in the assessment of environmental quality of the Eastern Baltic.
		Experimental studies of the effect of nutrient enrichment on the growth rate and community structure of summer phytoplankton of the Gulf of Riga showed that the most diatoms species preferred relatively high concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and from all inorganic nitrogen compounds ammonium was used the first.
		A long-term study of the phytoplankton communities structure showed an increase of abundance of potentially toxic species in the Gulf of Riga since the end of 1980ies, connected with a decreased use of fertilisers in the Latvian agriculture.
	www.aslo.org /phd/dialog/200004-5.html (560 words)

	Riga - Environment
		The city of Riga is divided by the Daugava River which runs into the Gulf of Riga.
		The Gulf of Riga is a semi-enclosed bay connected to the Baltic Sea by two straits, one deep and wide and the other shallow and narrow.
		The lakes are influenced by the Daugava as well as by the inflow of seawater from the Gulf of Riga under strong westerly winds.
	www.valt.helsinki.fi /projects/enviro/cities/rig/rig_envi.htm (479 words)

	Population Dynamics and Ecological Impact of the Non-Indigenous Cercopagis pengoi in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea)
		Population Dynamics and Ecological Impact of the Non-Indigenous Cercopagis pengoi in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea)
		Population Dynamics and Ecological Impact of the Non-Indigenous Cercopagis pengoi in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea), University of Tartu.
		Abundance of the exotic predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) in the Gulf of Riga has increased during the first ten years of invasion (1992-2001) and peaked with an annual mean of 420 +/- 109 (s.e.) ind. m(-3) in 2001.
	sgnis.org /publicat/ojavlank.htm (350 words)

	Discover Riga and Latvia
		Riga is the capital of the Republic of Latvia and the geographical centre of the Baltic States, as well as its largest city.
		Founded in 1201, Riga covers a territory of 307 square km, and numbers some 815,000 inhabitants, a quarter of Latvia's population.
		The city is situated on both banks of the river Daugava near the Gulf of Riga.
	www.latvia-riga.com /discover_riga.htm (258 words)

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