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Topic: Gulf of Tonkin

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

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	Tonkin Gulf resolution — FactMonster.com
		Tonkin Gulf resolution, in U.S. history, Congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Southeast Asia.
		On Aug. 4, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin were alleged to have attacked without provocation U.S. destroyers that were reporting intelligence information to South Vietnam.
		Gulf of Tonkin - Tonkin, Gulf of Tonkin, Gulf of, NW arm of the South China Sea, c.300 mi (480 km) long and 150 mi...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0849037.html (266 words)

	Tonkin Gulf resolution — Infoplease.com
		Tonkin Gulf resolution, in U.S. history, Congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Southeast Asia.
		Gulf of Tonkin - Tonkin, Gulf of Tonkin, Gulf of, NW arm of the South China Sea, c.300 mi (480 km) long and 150 mi...
		Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0849037.html (351 words)

	Tonkin Gulf Crisis, August 1964
		Summary of the Tonkin Gulf Crisis of August 1964
		In early August of 1964, destroyer USS Maddox (DD 731), under the operational control of Captain John J. Herrick, USN, steamed along the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin gathering various types of intelligence.
		Of greater significance, on 7 August the U.S. Congress overwhelmingly passed the so-called Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which enabled Johnson to employ military force as he saw fit against the Vietnamese Communists.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq120-1.htm (859 words)

	Moïse's Bibliography: Tonkin Gulf
		Richard A. Cherwitz, "The Rhetoric of the Gulf of Tonkin: A Study of the Crisis Speaking of President Lyndon B. Johnson." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa, 1978.
		Edwin E. Moise, "Tonkin Gulf and the WMD Issue," paper presented at the 5th Triennial Vietnam Symposium, Texas Tech University, March 17, 2005.
		Photographs of torpedo tubes from a North Vietnamese PT boat, of the unit that was involved in the first Tonkin Gulf Incident.
	www.clemson.edu /caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/tonkin.html (1668 words)

	Essay: 40th Anniversary of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident
		On this 40th anniversary of the Tonkin Gulf incident it is appropriate to recall an affair that has much history wound around it, a watershed in the U.S. move toward full-scale war in Vietnam.
		More recently, the Tonkin Gulf incident has regularly been invoked in connection with the lead-up to the war in Iraq, where the administration of President George W. Bush also cited threats to the United States to obtain congressional approval for the use of force.
		The particulars of the incidents of early August 1964, as reported by the Johnson administration, were crucial to gaining the legislative authority President Johnson sought, which came in the form of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/essay.htm (4109 words)

	9-11 Review: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident
		In the Gulf of Tonkin incident, North Vietnamese torpedo boats supposedly attacked the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin, off Vietnam, in a pair of assaults on August 2 and 4 of 1964.
		It was the basis for the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which committed major American forces to the war in Vietnam.
		The latter got radar signals that they believed to be another attack by the North Vietnamese.
	www.911review.com /precedent/century/tonkin.html (505 words)

	VIETNAM WAR GULF OF TONKIN DOCUMENTS AUDIO RECORDINGS & PHOTOS
		In early August of 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox, under the operational control of Captain John J. Herrick, steamed along the coast of North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin, gathering various types of intelligence.
		This cable contains a chronology of the reported second attack by the North Vietnamese on the USS Maddox while it was on Desoto Patrol in the Gulf of Tonkin on August 4, 1964.
		These maps depicts the patrol routes of the USS Maddox and the USS C. Turner Joy in the Gulf of Tonkin from August 2-7, 1964.
	www.paperlessarchives.com /vw_gulf_of_tonkin.html (1703 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a pair of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats on two American destroyers, the USS Maddox and the USS C.
		On July 31, 1964, the American destroyer USS Maddox (DD-731) began a reconnaissance mission in the Gulf of Tonkin and was attacked by three North Vietnamese patrol boats, in international waters, on August 2, 1964.
		While US officials were less than honest about the full extent of hostilities that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, critical claims that a naval commander fired weapons solely to create an international incident tend to overlook circumstances and opportunistic responses that suggest a less intentional motivation.
	www.blackvault.com /wiki/index.php?title=Gulf_of_Tonkin_Incident&redirect=no&printable=yes (1939 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Weizhou (; pinyin: wéizhu) is a chinese island in the gulf of tonkin....
		Moro gulf is a gulf in mindanao in the philippines....
		The gulf of corinth or the corinthian gulf is a deep inlet of the ionian sea separating the peloponnese from western mainland greece....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/gulf_of_tonkin.htm (1140 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gulf of Tonkin (Vietnamese: Vịnh Bắc Bộ; Simplified Chinese: 北部湾; Traditional Chinese: 北部灣; Pinyin: Běibù Wān), measuring approximately 480 km by 240 km, lies between China and Vietnam.
		The name Tonkin, written 東京 in Chinese characters and Đông Kinh in modern Vietnamese, means 'Eastern Capital', and is the former toponym for Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
		Known today as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, this led to the open involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin (282 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Remember the Gulf of Tonkin
		When the reason occurred -- two alleged "unprovoked" mosquito-boat attacks on U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin -- a national crisis atmosphere was created and a resolution was introduced for congressional approval that gave the president the authority to respond to the provocation.
		On many occasions later, Fulbright said that not including a formal limiting amendment to the Gulf of Tonkin resolution was one of the greatest errors of his long and distinguished career in the U.S. Senate -- if not the greatest error he ever made.
		The lesson of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution is clear: There is every reason for tough and explicit limiting language that does not allow for the usual rhetorical gambits that thereafter can be used by an aggressive administration to claim support for whatever it wants to do, no matter what.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /pgsd/people/staffpubs/Gar-Tonkin.htm (527 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Tonkin Gulf is connected to the Pacific Ocean at the northwest arm of the South China Sea.
		The Gulf of Tonkin is probably best known in recent history as the site of the so-called Gulf of Tonkin Incidents, when in August 1964, torpedo boats of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) fired on U.S. naval forces that were in the area in an intelligencegathering operation.
		Naval activity in the gulf was heavy during the war; Soviet ships ferried supplies to the DRV, and the United States sought to interdict the activity, particularly in 1972, when the U.S. Navy mined the entrances to North Vietnamese ports.
	www.bookrags.com /Gulf_of_Tonkin (542 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
		The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is the name given to the Joint Resolution[?] (H.J. RES 1145) of the United States Congress made August 7, 1964 that facilitated increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
		On July 31, 1964, the American destroyer USS Maddox (DD-731)[?], began a reconnaissance mission in the Gulf of Tonkin.
		Two days later, a destroyer accompanying the Maddox got radar signals that they believed to be another attack by the North Vietnamese.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/gu/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution (577 words)

	New Light on Gulf of Tonkin - Full Text: August '97 Vietnam Feature
		The claim that the administration of President Lyndon Johnson deliberately triggered the Vietnam War by orchestrating the Tonkin Gulf incident and duping Congress is not a new one.
		The result of whatever actually did or did not happen in the Tonkin Gulf was that, by overwhelmingly approving the resolution, the U.S. Congress ceded to the president the power that America's Founding Fathers endowed only Congress--the power to declare war.
		For the Tonkin Gulf incident itself, McNamara endorses the hypothesis of former Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs William Bundy: "Miscalculation by both the U.S. and North Vietnam is, in the end, at root of the best hindsight hypothesis on Hanoi's behavior.
	vi.uh.edu /pages/buzzmat/08972_text.htm (3143 words)

	Tonkin Gulf resolution on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gulf of Tonkin Incident still debated 40 years later; comparisons made to Iraq
		TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION [Tonkin Gulf resolution] in U.S. history, Congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Southeast Asia.
		Although there was disagreement in Congress over the precise meaning of the Tonkin Gulf resolution, Presidents Johnson and Richard M. Nixon used it to justify later military action in Southeast Asia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/TonkinG1u.asp (383 words)

	Tonkin, Gulf of - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Tonkin, Gulf of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Arm of the South China Sea, between the coast of Vietnam and the island of Hainan.
		There are oil reserves, and China and Vietnam disagree over their respective territorial boundaries in the area.
		In August 1964 it was the scene of the Tonkin Gulf Incident between American destroyers and North Vietnamese vessels, which was used by President Johnson as the basis for a congressional resolution increasing US military involvement in the Vietnam War.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Tonkin,+Gulf+of (136 words)

	HistoryLink Essay:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in Congress marks active involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War on ...
		HistoryLink Essay:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in Congress marks active involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War on August 7, 1964.
		Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in Congress marks active involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War on August 7, 1964.
		On August 7, 1964, Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution marking the active involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War.
	www.historylink.org /essays/printer_friendly/index.cfm?file_id=3334 (547 words)

	Definition of Gulf of Tonkin
		The Gulf of Tonkin (480 kmx240 km) lies between Vietnam and China.
		The Gulf is notable in history because of events in August of 1964 that led to the open involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, with the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
		Because in several Asian languages, "Tonkin" means both Tonkin and Tokyo, Vietnamese call it the Vịnh Bắc Bộ ("Bac Bo Gulf"; "Gulf/Bay of the North").
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Gulf_of_Tonkin (218 words)

	Soldiers For The Truth :: View topic - Gulf of Tonkin resolution - revisited
		Hanyok's Tonkin Gulf research with current and former N.S.A. and C.I.A. officials who have read it, said he had decided to speak publicly about the findings because he believed they should have been released long ago.
		Hanyok included his Tonkin Gulf findings in a 400-page, in-house history of the agency and Vietnam called "Spartans in Darkness." Though superiors initially expressed support for releasing it, the idea lost momentum as Iraq intelligence was being called into question, the official said.
		No doubt that the GOT incident was most probably a set up to send US combat troops to the Nam as our advisors were not painting a very positive picture on the progress of ARVN to defeat the VC insurgents.
	www.sftt.org /phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=5277&start=0&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight= (4122 words)

	Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Commentary: 40th Anniversary of Gulf of Tonkin shows history repeating itself with ...
		The upcoming 40th anniversary of the Gulf of Tonkin is the perfect opportunity to consider the old adage, “those who don’t remember history are doomed to repeat it.”
		Miller served on a U.S. aircraft carrier during the Gulf of Tonkin.
		The story of the Gulf of Tonkin On August 2, 1964, two Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) PT boats attacked the U.S. destroyer Maddox in response to two previous attacks by the American-backed South Vietnamese on July 31.
	www.vvaw.org /commentary/?id=448&print=yes (501 words)

	vietgulf
		The USNS Maddox on August 2nd, 1964 was patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin outside North Vietnam’s territorial waters when three North Vietnamese torpedo boats approached at high speed.
		Two nights later there was a storm in the Gulf of Tonkin that was so severe it made it difficult to see or hear.
		Congress approved the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution on August 11, 1964 with 98% approval in the Senate and 100% approval in the House.
	home.cinci.rr.com /patkers/vietgulf.html (965 words)

	Gulf of Tonkin Incident
		On 4 August 1964 two U.S. destroyers were again in the middle of the Gulf of Tonkin.
		The Senate had scheduled a hearing on the incident in order to consider a resolution in support of the President's actions, and on the afternoon of 7 August, Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution giving the president the authority to use any measure necessary to deal with aggression in Vietnam.
		The Tonkin Affair is also detailed in Truth is the First Casualty: The Gulf of Tonkin Affair--Illusion and Reality by Joseph C. Goulden (1969).
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/events/tonkin64/gulfoftonkin64.html (1252 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Gulf of Tonkin Reprise? ACLU Questions Blanket Authority Granted by Proposed Iraq War ...
		WASHINGTON - Noting marked similarities with the tragic Gulf of Tonkin resolution, the American Civil Liberties Union today told Congress that the President's proposed congressional resolution allowing the use of force to depose Saddam Hussein is too open-ended to be constitutional.
		"The open-ended Gulf of Tonkin resolution - which is very similar to the President's newly proposed Iraq resolution -- allowed the 'Commander-in-Chief' to expand a small, regionalized police action in South Asia into the Vietnam War, an engagement that cost more than 50,000 American lives," said Timothy Edgar, an ACLU Legislative Counsel.
		The Gulf of Tonkin resolution allowed this by remaining vague in the war aims it set out, and the current Iraq resolution is equally vague.
	www.aclu.org /safefree/general/17034prs20020920.html?s_src=RSS (465 words)

	(10/4/2002) Iraq Debate: "This is Another Gulf of Tonkin"
		I was one of the Senators who voted for the Gulf of Tonkin resolution.
		It was the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that gave Lyndon Johnson carte blanche to wage war in Vietnam.
		As Norman Solomon noted in a 1998 column, that incident was a cynical PR operation by the White House.
	www.monitor.net /monitor/0210a/iraqdebate.html (555 words)

	t r u t h o u t - NSA Still Covering Up Gulf of Tonkin Lies
		Hanyok's Tonkin Gulf research with current and former N.S.A. and C.I.A. officials who have read it, said he had decided to speak publicly about the findings because he believed they should have been released long ago.
		Hanyok included his Tonkin Gulf findings in a 400-page, in-house history of the agency and Vietnam called "Spartans in Darkness." Though superiors initially expressed support for releasing it, the idea lost momentum as Iraq intelligence was being called into question, the official said.
		Two historians who have written extensively on the Tonkin Gulf episode, Edwin E. Moise of Clemson University and John Prados of the National Security Archive in Washington, said they were unaware of Mr.
	www.truthout.org /docs_2005/110105F.shtml (1459 words)

	Our Documents - Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964)
		Citation: Tonkin Gulf Resolution; Public Law 88-408, 88th Congress, August 7, 1964; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
		Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Senate roll call tally sheet, 08/07/1964; SEN 88A-M1, Misc Roll Calls, 88th Congress, 2nd Session; Record Group 46, Records of the U. Senate; National Archives.
		This joint resolution of Congress (H.J. RES 1145) dated August 7, 1964, gave President Lyndon Johnson authority to increase U.S. involvement in the war between North and South Vietnam.
	www.ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=true&doc=98 (225 words)

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